HPLC法对比不同产地南板蓝根药材靛蓝、靛玉红含量的研究

目的:以高效液相色谱法对广东不同产地(广东高要、广东罗定、广东罗浮、广东鼎湖)南板蓝根药材及常用伪品(爵床科植物广西马蓝)的主要成分靛蓝、靛玉红进行含量测定,对比不同产地南板蓝根药材靛蓝、靛玉红含量的差别.方法:采用HPLC法建立南板蓝根药材中靛蓝与靛玉红的含量测定方法.色谱条件:Kromasil C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);以甲醇-水(75:25)为流动相;检测波长:290nm;流速:1.0ml/min.柱温:40℃.结果:①靛玉红、靛蓝线性范围分别为1.652～33.04μg/ml、1.284～25.68μg/ml.回收率分别为98.92%,RSD=1.52%,N=5(靛玉红);102.61%,RSD=1.28%,N=5(靛蓝);②广西马蓝中未检测出靛玉红、靛蓝.结论:该方法操作简便、准确快速、重现性好,可完善现行的南板蓝根的药材质量标准,有效控制南板蓝根药材的质量.     

龙眼肉干制过程氨基酸组分分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪分别测定加工前后的龙眼肉中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量。结果,干制前后龙眼肉的氨基酸种类没有差别,但含量有明显差别,多数氨基酸的含量在干制后明显下降。结论:除丙氨酸和甲硫氨酸外,干制后的龙眼肉中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量比干制前有明显下降,其中以碱性、酸性氨基酸含量的下降尤其显著。该差异可能是由于干制过程中发生美拉德反应造成的。     

地黄炮制过程氨基酸组分分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪分别测定加工前后地黄中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸质量分数。分析、比较炮制前后地黄的氨基酸成分变化。炮制前后地黄的氨基酸种类及含量有明显变化,多数氨基酸的含量在炮制后明显下降甚至消失。结论:炮制前后的地黄中氨基酸质量分数差别明显,其中碱性氨基酸质量分数的差别尤其显著,该差异可能是由于炮制过程中发生美拉德反应造成的。     

苦瓜干制前后氨基酸组分的变化

经酸水解,利用氨基酸自动分析仪测定干制加工前后的苦瓜中总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明干制前后的苦瓜在氨基酸质量分数上有明显差别,总氨基酸质量分数分别为11.99%和10.87%,游离氨基酸分别为2.36%和0.70%。结论:干制前后的苦瓜中氨基酸质量分数差别明显,其中碱性氨基酸质量分数的变化尤其显著,总氨基酸中精氨酸质量分数下降50%,在游离氨基酸中下降78%;同时还原糖质量分数也由干制前的4.86%下降为干制后的1.86%,说明苦瓜干制过程中发生了美拉德反应,造成了氨基酸和还原糖含量的下降。     

沉水植物中挥发性物质对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

比较了两种淡水沉水植物金鱼藻和苦草中挥发性物质对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用,在100mg／L浓度下,新鲜植物挥发油的抑藻作用非常显著,两种植物抑藻活性相近,但是在干粉材料中金鱼藻挥发油的抑藻活性明显强于苦草,且挥发油浓度与抑藻活性呈正相关。不同植物之间以及新鲜植物和植物干粉之间挥发油的成分和相对含量差别较大,新鲜植物挥发油中含有40％的邻苯二甲酸酯,而在于粉挥发油中70％为脂肪族化合物和萜类物质。在新鲜植物挥发油中约占20％的是不稳定的未知物,其化学结构和生物活性有待进一步研究。     

商品鹿鞭中氨基酸含量比较

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定不同品种与产地的9份鹿鞭药材中氨基酸成分的种类及含量。这9份样品中均含17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸6种。17种氨基酸中以甘氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最高;比较不同样品的含量,以辽宁西丰的梅花鹿鞭的总氨基酸含量最高,黑龙江梅花鹿鞭的必需氨基酸含量最高。结论为不同产地鹿鞭中氨基酸含量有一定差异,该方法可用于鹿鞭药材的质量评价。     

相思子属三种药材中的氨基酸分析比较

利用全自动氨基酸分析仪和高效液相色谱仪分析比较相思子属三种药材中氨基酸成分及含量。结果9个样品都检测出17种氨基酸和2种色氨酸衍生物。结论:不同样品中的氨基酸含量有所差异,但其中门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的含量相对较高。     

不同产地红毛鸡(Centropus sinensis)氨基酸成分的分析

目的:评价不同产地红毛鸡药材的质量。方法:采用日立L-8800型全自动氨基酸分析仪测定12批不同产地红毛鸡总氨基酸的含量。结果:12个样品均含有17种总氨基酸,其中必需和半必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的49.42%～53.16%。结论:不同产地的红毛鸡均含有丰富的氨基酸,具有较高的药用价值,但含量随产地不同而异。     

不同产区太子参氨基酸含量测定及多元统计分析

本文采用高速氨基酸自动分析仪对太子参四大种植主产区(安徽、江苏、福建、贵州)的栽培品及河南的野生品,共13个批次太子参药材的氨基酸组成和含量进行测定。结果显示氨基酸含量基本顺序为:精氨酸(Arg)>谷氨酸(Glu)>天冬氨酸(Asp)>脯氨酸(Pro),其中安徽宣城产太子参样品(S2)的16种氨基酸总含量和7种人体必需氨基酸含量最高。以上述4种主要氨基酸作为指标,探讨了不同产区太子参药材的内在品质。采用聚类分析法对氨基酸含量进行多元统计分析,表明氨基酸含量分析可体现样品产区间和产区内的差异性,可区别野生品与栽培品。这些结果为发展太子参道地药材的质量标准控制提供了依据。     

刺槐,国槐根际土壤生化成分及其对伴生杨树营养的影响

分析了杨树、刺槐和国槐的根面与根际土壤中的游离氨基酸及植物生长素ＩＡＡ,测定了不同处理小区中杨树叶片的营养状况（Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ和叶绿素含量）以及净光合速率和气孔阻力．结果表明,刺槐、国愧和杨树根面氨基酸组成和数量有很大差别;３个树种根际土壤中氨基酸含量显著低于根面．３个树种根面和根际土壤中ＩＡＡ含量为刺槐＞国槐＞杨树．混交豆科树种后,杨树叶片营养状况有所改善,净光合速率明显提高,气孔阻力有所降低．     

Effect of season and artificial diet on amino acids and nucleic acids in gonads of green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

The content of total and free amino acids (FAA) in green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) gonads varied with the season and feeding on an artificial diet. Glycine was the dominant amino acid in each season contributing 12.9-16.6% to the total amino acid (TAA) content, peaking in the spring. In the FAA profile, glycine accounted for 30.3-61.4% in different seasons. A grain-based artificial diet had noticeable effects on the total and FAA compositions of S. droebachiensis. Although, glycine was the dominant amino acid in the TAA profile during early harvesting, tyrosine in gonads became more dominant on week 9 of feeding. Furthermore, glycine was the dominant amino acid in the FAA pool after feeding the artificial diet. The total FAA content in the gonads increased significantly (P<0.05) from 20.6 on week 0 to 180.6 mg/g dry mass tissue on week 3. There were no significant (P<0.05) changes between week 6 and week 9. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content exceeded that of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in each season, while in cultured urchins, RNA content exceeded that of DNA only on week 6. The RNA/DNA ratio was significantly increased in the summer, whereas this ratio was increased up to week 6 followed by a decrease on week 9 in cultured counterparts.     

Seasonal patterns of nucleic acid concentrations and amino acid profiles of Parapenaeus longirostris (Crustacea, Decapoda): relation to growth and nutritional condition

The present work describes the seasonal changes in nucleic acid concentrations and amino acid profiles in the muscle of juvenile Parapenaeus longirostris and their relation to growth and nutritional condition. RNA content varied significantly between seasons, being the highest values attained in spring and the lowest in winter (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained with RNA:protein and RNA:DNA ratios. In respect to total amino acid content (TAA), a significant increase from winter to spring was observed (p < 0.05) and the major essential amino acids (EAA) were arginine, histidine and leucine. Within non-essential amino acids (NEAA) glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine and proline were dominant. From winter to spring, a significant variation in NEAA content occurred (26.8; p < 0.05), mainly due to the significant increase of glutamic acid (79.1) and serine (66.7) (p < 0.05). EAA content did not vary significantly between seasons (p > 0.05). In opposition, during this period a significant decrease in the free amino acid content (FAA) was observed (p < 0.05); a higher percentage of decrease was attained in free non-essential (FNEAA – 42.9) in comparison to free essential amino acids (FEAA – 40.2). The significant increase in RNA and TAA contents from winter to spring may be related with protein synthesis. On the other hand, the lowest values obtained in winter may be due to a reduction in feeding activity; in this period the muscle protein must be progressively hydrolysed, which is evident with the higher FAA content. The liberated amino acids enter FAA pool and become available for energy production. In conclusion, it was evident that the seasonal cycle in activities such as feeding and growth with nucleic acids and amino acid analyses was noticed.     

河蚬汤中氨基酸组分的分析

利用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定了传统保肝食品--河蚬汤中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量.结果表明,河蚬汤中含有17种常见(色氨酸在酸解时遭破坏)氨基酸,还有鸟氨酸和牛磺酸两种非蛋白质组成氨基酸,总含量为297.4 mg·g-1.其中鸟氨酸含量最高,占总氨基酸的12.4%,且87%的鸟氨酸以结合态形式存在.河蚬汤中游离氨基酸含量...     

测定荔枝核中的游离氨基酸

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定荔枝核水提取液、醇提取液样品。在醇提取液中游离氨基酸的含量高于水提取液,在两种提取液中共检出了21种游离氨基酸(其中4种为未知氨基酸,6种必需氨基酸);已知游离氨基酸的质量分数为307μg.kg-1(醇提取液)和269μg.kg-1(水提取液),总游离氨基酸的质量分数为500μg.kg-1,必需氨基酸的量占总游离氨基酸量的44%。结论:荔枝核中的游离氨基酸具有利用价值。     

百合中氨基酸组成测定与营养功能分析

以3种不同的百合为原料,用水浸提法提取百合中游离氨基酸,对提取条件进行研究,通过正交试验确定最适宜提取条件(即:以7.5%乙酸为提取液,料液比1:35,70℃提取3 h).同时采用氨基酸分析仪测定3种百合的水提取液样品,共检出17种游离氨基酸(其中7种为必需氨基酸).结果表明,百合中的游离氨基酸以精氨酸为主体,占总游离...     

Changes in free amino acids in the hemolymph of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to varying salinities: relationship to osmoregulatory ability

Changes in free amino acids (FAA) in the hemolymph of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were examined in individuals exposed to varying salinities for up to 1 week. In freshwater and under conditions of low salinity, total FAA concentrations were maintained between approximately 0.85 and 1 mM and did not exhibit changes in response to salinity exposure. Under high salinities, total FAA concentrations increased dramatically, reaching up to 2.1 mM depending on treatment. Examination of individual amino acid concentrations revealed that these increases were based on specific changes in glycine, arginine, alanine, proline and lysine. Among these, alanine showed the greatest increases, resulting in levels six-fold higher under high salinity than in freshwater and under low salinity. The other amino acid species showed increases of 2.5-fold compared to original values. These five FAAs in freshwater and under low salinity together occupied approximately 45% of total FAA contents and under high salinity comprised more than 70% of total FAA contents. These results suggest that specific hemolymph FAAs are involved in mediating response to salinity exposure in freshwater prawns.     

不同品种柑橘果肉中氨基酸的测定与分析

采用日立L-8800型氨基酸自动分析仪,测定5个品种柑橘果肉氨基酸含量。结果表明,柑橘果肉中富含天门冬氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸。脐橙52果肉中总氨基酸含量(7.04 g·100g-1)较高,红肉蜜柚最低(4.53 g·100g-1),前者是后者的1.5倍;从氨基酸组分来看,5个品种中,17种氨基酸含量最高的是天门冬氨酸(Asp);各品种氨基酸总含量(TAA)与必需氨基酸(EAA)含量的波动趋势基本一致,即TAA含量越高,相应的EAA含量也高;品种间各类味觉类氨基酸含量的高低顺序并不完全一致,说明柑橘不同品种在营养学上有较大差异。