The historical dendroarchaeology of the Green Hotel,Cave Spring,Georgia, U.S.A.

The lands including Cave Spring and most of northwest Georgia were held by the Cherokee until Cherokee removal in 1838. In 2010, a two-story pine structure that was encased inside the Green Hotel in downtown Cave Spring, Georgia, was revealed during renovation. Local Cave Spring historians insist the log structure was built by Avery Vann in 1810, making it a Cherokee structure. However, the Gold Lottery maps of 1832 show no structure on lot 871, which today contains the Green Hotel. A construction date also cannot be verified by historical documents, maps, or artifacts discovered around the Green Hotel. The purpose of this research was to determine the construction date of the Green Hotel log structure. Archaeological dating of the window glass thickness of the hotel gave dates of 1810 or 1823. However, the dendroarchaeological dating of the wood indicates cutting dates during the late spring/early summer of 1839. This would indicate that the log structure inside the Green Hotel was not built by Avery Vann or any Cherokee, but by later Euro-American settlers.     

The genusTaraxacum in the Caucasus 1. Introduction, 2. The sectionPorphyrantha

An introduction is presented to a taxonomic evaluation of rich cultivated and herbarium material of the genusTaraxacum from the Caucasus. Sources of the material, a survey of localities, and a preliminary account of the sections and species groups ofTaraxacum described from the Caucasus are given. The introduction is followed by a monograph ofT. sect.Porphyrantha, a section shown (contrary to the original conception and some literature data) to be endemic to the Caucasus. Six new species are described belonging to the section divided in two subsections, subsect.Porphyrantha and subsect.Haemantha, viz.T. pseudoporphyranthum, T. vepallidum, T. haemanthum, T. ignivomum, T. exstinctum andT. deminutum. Lectotypes are selected forT. porphyranthum Boiss. andT. pseudoroseum ?i?kin.     

The digital pads of the tree frog, Hyla cinerea. I. The epidermis

As the digital pad cells grow from the germinal epithelium, the desmosomes on the distal surface oF tile cells become aligned and form pegs filled with tonofilaments on the surface of the outer row of cells. The outer pad cells are separated from each other distally, thus the cell and the pegs form two sizes of protrusions in series on the pad surface which can fit into substratum/irregularities. A dense material, apparently derived from transforming bodies in the cells, coats the plasma membrane of the surface cells, presumably to strengthen them.     

The Evolution of the Buffaloes, Oxen, Sheep and Goats.

This paper is the first half of a longer one left unfinished by Dr. Pilgrim when he died. The MS. of this part was in its final form, and the author had begun to type it. No draft of the second part, which was to have dealt with the relation of these groups to the remainder of the Pecora, was found.     

The history, biology, and taxonomy of the Cytophaga group.

The first section of this review covers the important characteristics of the genera Cytophaga and Sporocytophaga. The topics discussed include vegetative cell structure, the spreading habit, and degradation of macromolecules. A historical account of these two genera follows, together with a discussion on the definition of, and species differentiation with the genus Cytophaga, and on the taxonomy of Sporocytophaga. The third section deals with the relationships of the cytophagas with the flavobacteria and includes a brief history of Flavobacterium, reassignation of some species to Cytophaga, differentiation from Cytophaga, and a discussion on the definition of the genus Flavobacterium. This is followed by a section dealing with the relationship of Cytophaga with the flexibacteria, starting with an introduction to the diversity of flexing organisms and taxonomic developments, and proceeding with the differentiation within the family Cytophagaceae, and species differentiation in Flexibacter. The concluding section includes a proposed redefinition of Cytophaga, a proposal regarding species conservation in this genus, and discussions on the relationship between the cytophagas and the myxobacteria and on the significance of cytophagas in the environment. The characteristics of all described species of Cytophaga, Flexibacter, and relevant flavobacteria are tabulated and a bibliography is presented.