Descriptions of two new species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) in Korea

Two new species [Tribalus (Tribalus) koreanus Ôhara and Ahn new species and Gnathoncus koreanus Ôhara and Ahn new species] are described from the Chungnam National University Insect Collection in Korea. Hololepta (Hololepta) higoniae Lewis is new to the Korean fauna. We also provide a revised key of Korean Histeridae and illustrations of diagnostic characters of these two new species.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:00D922EF-AD40-460F-BF59-D4C9B3654077.     

Phylogeny of the intertidal aleocharine tribe Liparocephalini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

The tribe Liparocephalini (genera Liparocephalus Mäklin, 1853;Diaulota Casey, 1893 [ = Genoplectes Sawada, 1955];Paramblopusa Ahn & Ashe, Amblopusa Casey, 1893;Salinamexus Moore & Legner, 1977 [ = Biophytosus Moore & Legner, 1977]), all of which are exclusively restricted to the Pacific coasts of the Holarctic Region, is hypothesized to be a monophyletic group based on the following synapomorphies: seta v absent (inferred to be lost) from mentum (reversed one time in the Liparocephalus lineage), setae distributed only on mesal surface of galea and apex with setae, one medial seta present on prementum, and contiguous mesocoxal cavities. Natural history and history of the classification of the Liparocephalini are discussed. Phylogenetic analyses of the species of the Liparocephalini are presented based on larval (21 characters, 57 states), adult (49 characters, 115 states), and a combination of larval and adult characters (70 characters, 172 states). Analysis of the combined larval and adult data sets with successive approximation resulted in a single most parsimonious tree (length = 937, CI = 0.885, RI = 0.930) with the following patterns of generic relationships (outgroup (Salinamexus + Biophytosus (Amblopusa (Paramblopusa (Diaulota + Genoplectes, Liparocephalus))))).     

Two new species of the tribe Hymenaphorurini Pomorski, 1996 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from Korea

Two new species, Heteraphorura koreana sp. nov. and Psyllaphorura jirisana sp. nov., of the tribe Hymenaphorurini are described and illustrated based on materials from South Korea. Heteraphorura koreana sp. nov. belongs to the oriental species-group of the genus Heteraphorura, because of compound vesicles in the postantennal organ. This new species shares the same number of PAO with Heteraphorura pseudoseolagensis (Martynova, 1981) from Russia, but differs in pso dorsal formula and lateral teeth of claw. Psyllaphorura jirisana sp. nov. is similar to Psyllaphorura sensillifera.(Martynova, 1981) from the Russian Far East, but can be distinguished by shape of vesicles in PAO, dorsal s-chaetae on head and ratio AS/unguis. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F854CBFD-06D0-4396-B8D9-62468B427111.     

Sortase A inhibitory metabolites from the roots of Pulsatilla koreana

Three new lignans (3, 4, and 6) along with eight known lignans and phenyl propanoids were isolated from the dried roots of Pulsatilla koreana, an oriental folk medicine. Based upon the results of combined spectroscopic and chemical methods, the structures of new compounds were determined to be lignan glycosides. Included among the known compounds are three compounds (5, 7, and 8) isolated first time from this plant as well as two compounds (2 and 11) previously reported only as synthetic derivatives. These compounds significantly inhibited the action of Sortase A from Streptococcus mutans OMZ65, an isolate from human oral cavity.     

Phylogeny,biogeography and the stepwise evolutionary colonization of intertidal habitat in the Liparocephalini based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Liparocephalini Fenyes is presented based on morphological and molecular characters. The data set comprised 50 adult morphological characters, partial COI (907 bp), COII (366 bp) and 12S rDNA (325–355 bp), and nearly complete sequences of 18S rDNA (1768–1902 bp) for 21 species. Eighteen species of liparocephaline beetles from all eight genera and three outgroups, are included. The sequences were analysed separately and simultaneously with morphological characters by direct optimization in the program POY4 and by partitioned Bayesian analysis for the combined data. The direct optimization (DO) tree for the combined data under equal weighting, which also shows a minimum incongruence length difference value, resulted in a monophyletic Liparocephalini with the following patterns of phylogenetic relationships (outgroup ((Baeostethus, Ianmoorea) (Paramblopusa ((Amblopusa, Halorhadinus) (Liparocephalus, Diaulota))))). A sensitivity analysis using 16 different parameter sets for the combined data shows the monophyly of the liparocephalines and all its genera under all parameter sets. Bayesian analysis resulted in topological differences in comparison with the DO tree under equal weighting only in the position of the genus Paramblopusa and clade (Amblopusa + Halorhadinus), which were reversed. Historical biogeography and the stepwise evolutionary colonization of intertidal habitat in the Liparocephalini are discussed. Based on the biogeographical analyses, we hypothesize that the ancestor of the Liparocephalini occurred along the Panthallassan Ocean, the direct antecedent of the Pacific Ocean, followed by repeated dispersals to the Nearctic from the Palearctic. We also hypothesize that ancestors of the Liparocephalini appear to have arisen in the littoral zone of beaches and then colonized rocky reef areas in the low tidal zone later through high‐ to mid‐tide zones. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.     

Three synonyms of the coastal Phucobius sharp species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are proposed based on morphological and molecular characters

A taxonomic reappraisal of four marine littoral Phucobius Sharp species along the western Pacific Ocean including the South China Sea is presented based on morphological and molecular characters (COI and 28S). Specimens of the four species, each having its own distinct geographic distribution, are extremely similar to each other including the structures of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and may be regarded as conspecific. Also, the molecular analyses support the validity of P. pectoralis with three synonymies based on morphological characters. Genetic divergence of COI using uncorrected p-distance among all individuals of Phucobius species ranged from 0.11% to 3.21%. Three distinct geographical clusters (Russia, Korea and Japan, and Vietnam) are found in the NJ and PA trees and we treat all of them as a single species. Three new synonyms are proposed for Phucobius pectoralis (Boheman): P. simulator Sharp syn. nov., P. tricolor Bernhauer syn. nov., and P. densipennis Bernhauer syn. nov. Phucobius pectoralis is redescribed with illustrations of diagnostic characters. Also, the intraspecific variation among the populations of P. pectoralis is briefly discussed.     

Description of a new species of the genus Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 from northern Vietnam (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae)

Prionus sontinh new species, from Lai Chau, Lao Cai and Yen Bai provinces in northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is compared with its closest taxa in the genus Prionus.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8562579E-BD9F-4987-B7E2-E0D86E559713.     

A New Species of the Chalcid Wasp Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eurytoma</Emphasis> Illiger (Hymenoptera,Eurytomidae) from South Korea

A new species, Eurytoma koreana Zerova et Fursov, sp. n., is described from South Korea. The new species is closely related to Eurytoma verticillata (Fabricius) but differs in the structure of the antennae and the fore wings in both sexes. The holotype and paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.     

Induction of funitatin A,a new polyketide from the Yellow River wetland-derived fungus Talaromyces funiculosus

A new, highly modified fatty acid ester, funitatin A (1), was isolated from the Yellow River wetland-derived fungus Talaromyces funiculosus HPU-Y01 cultivated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The structure of 1 was established by analysis of NMR and HRESIMS data. Compound 1 featured a rare dimeric cyclopaldic acid structure and showed promising antimicrobial activity against both Proteus species and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 3.13 μM.     

Species of Nectria (Ascomycetes,Hypocreales) having orange perithecia and colorless,striate ascospores

Nine species ofNectria are described or redescribed. Ascospores of all are colorless and striates; their perithecia are orange and do not become red in KOH. Three groups of species are represented. One group includesNectria grammicospora, N. cf.grammicospora, N. subquaternata, and the new species:N. grammicosporopsis, N. lucifer, andN. neogrammicospora. A second group includes the new speciesN. chlorogloea andN. septomyrotheciae. The third group is represented by the single new speciesN. dacryocarpa. The life-cycles of these species are described. Anamorphs ofN. grammicospora, N. grammicosporopsis, N. lucifer, andN. subquaternata are species ofClonostachys. The anamorph, ofN. neogrammicospora isAcremonium- orCephalosporiopsis-like in having monophialidic conidiophores and phragmosporous conidia, and that ofN. cf.grammicospora isAcremonium-like with amerosporous conidia. The anamorphs ofN. chlorogloea andN. septomyrotheciae have green conidia. The anamorph ofN. chlorogloea isMyrothecium sp.; its conidia are unicellular and the conidioma is a synemma. The anamorph ofN. septomyrotheciae isSeptomyrothecium cf.uniseptatum; its conidioma is a sporodochium and the conidia are bicellular. The new genus and speciesDacryoma alba are described for the anamorph ofN. dacryocarpa. All of these fungi are pantropical or Australasian in distribution.     

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Crotalaria foliosa (Leguminosae) and related species

Crotalaria foliosa Benth. is found to be a later homonym and the new nameCrotalaria mohlenbrockii is proposed to replace it. A new speciesCrotalaria paraguayensis is described andC. martiana Benth. is redefined.     

A new species of Psilostrophe (Compositae) from Mexico

Psilostrophe mexicana is described as new and compared with the closely related speciesP. gnaphalodes. Chromosome numbers forP. mexicana are reported asn = 32, a tetraploid number. This new species is the seventh and only polyploid species in the genus.     

Two new species of Disciphania (Menispermaceae: Tinosporeae) from subandean Ecuador and Peru

Described, figured, and discussed are the new speciesDisciphania dioscoreoides Barneby from Amazonian Ecuador and Peru, andD. tricaudata Barneby, sympatric with it in Ecuador. Both are referred toDisciphania sect.Taubertia (K. Schumann) Barneby.     

Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the trunk of Berberis koreana

A bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the trunk of Berberis koreana resulted in the isolation and characterization of two new triterpenoids, 23-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), and 23-cis-p-coumaroyloxy-2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (2), along with seven known triterpenoids (3–9). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR. The cytotoxic activities of the triterpenes (1–9) were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15) using the SRB assay. Compounds 5 and 6 showed potent cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines (IC₅₀ (5): 4.37, 7.04, 9.72, and 5.83 μM, and IC₅₀ (6): 5.57, 7.84, 13.29, and 5.61 μM, respectively).     

Two new species of Antispila Hübner (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) associated with Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae) from China

The genus Antispila Hübner, [1825] is poorly recorded from China. Two new Antispila species, A. longcangensis, sp. nov. and A. emeishanensis, sp. nov. feeding on Hydrangeaceae, are described from Sichuan, China. The adult male and female, genitalia and venation of both species are illustrated. Diagnostic characters of these species are compared with other described Antispila species from China. DNA barcodes sequences of the two new species are also provided.