Structure and Histochemistry of Stomata and Epidermal Cells in Five Species of Polypodiaceae

The epidermal structure of the five species of ferns, Arthromeriswallichiana (Spr.) Ching., Drymoglossum piloselloides (Prest.),Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith, Lepisorus nudus (Hook.)Ching. and Pyrrosia nuda (Gies.) Ching., has been investigated.Fifteen types of stomatal structures have been identified ofwhich copolo-desmocytic and coperi-desmocytic are new types.Four more possible stomatal structures: ccpolo-peri-, codesmo-polo-,codesmo-peri- and duplodesmocytic, are suggested. Localizationof starch, insoluble polysaccharides, protein and lipids hasbeen examined histochemically in the guard cells, subsidiarycells and epidermal cells. In Drynaria starch plastids and plastidscontaining both starch and protein are present in guard cells.Starch plastids are present in the subsidiary cells of all speciesexcept in Arthromeris, whereas, they are present in epidermalcells of only Drymoglossum and Lepisorus. Granular or amorphousinsoluble polysaccharides (other than starch) are present inguard cells of all the species, in the subsidiary cells of Arthromeris,Drynaria and Pyrrosia, and in the epidermal cells of Pyrrosia.Except in Pyrrosia lipids are present in the guard cells. Subsidiarycells of Drynaria and the epidermal cells of Arthromeris andDrynaria show lipid bodies. The presence of plasmodesmata andectodesmata is demonstrated in the epidermal cells of Drymoglossum.     

中国草螟亚科带草螟属、丽草螟属和双带草螟属的研究及带草螟属二新种记述

对中国草螟亚科3个近缘属：带草螟属 Metaeuchromius Bleszynski、丽草螟属Euchromius Guenée和双带草螟属 Miyakea Marumo进行了研究。该3属在中国已记录12个种,包括带草螟属Metaeuchromius两新种：黄色带草螟 M. fulvusalis sp. Nov.,模式产地广西,与褐带草螟 M. circe Bleszynski近缘;灰色带草螟 M. grisalis sp. Nov.,模式产地浙江,与云南带草螟 M. yuennanensis (Caradja)近缘。对新种给出了描述、外生殖器特征图和与近缘种的比较。并提供了带草螟属中国已知种检索表。     

ANATOMICAL STUDIES REVEAL NEW PHYLOGENETIC INTERPRETATIONS IN LISSACHATINA (PULMONATA: ACHATINIDAE)

This is essentially a preliminary report on the revision ofsubgenus Lissachatina of the African land snail family Achatinidae.It extends the conchological revisionary work of J.C. Bequaert(1950) along the complementary line of comparative anatomicalstudies of the reproductive tracts. This is directed towardthe goal of a better understanding of phylo-geny in this family.Species emphasized are Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith,1878; A.allisa Reeve, 1849; A. fulica Bowdich, 1822; A. loveridgei Clench& Archer, 1930; A. zanzibarica Bourguignat, 1879, and thenew species A. eleanorae. Relegated tosynonymy are A. albicansPfeiffer, 1851; A. delorioli Bonnet, 1864; and A. iredalei Preston,1910. Tangible anatomical characters separate subgenera Lissachatinaand Achatina. A. capelloi Furtado, 1886; A. craveni E.A. Smith,1881; and A. connollyi Preston, 1912 are transferred from Lissachatinato Achatina s.s. Other transfers are in progress. (Received 26 September 1994; accepted 25 November 1994)     

TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE TREE SNAIL AMPHIDROMUS ALBERS, 1850 (PULMONATA: CAMAENIDAE) IN THAILAND AND ADJACENT AREAS: SUBGENUS AMPHIDROMUS

Extensive series of Amphidromus Albers, 1850 were collectedfrom low-altitude areas (30–500 m above sea level)in Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia between1993 and 2004. Data on shell colour, genital and spermatophoremorphology, and radular structure are presented. Five speciesof Amphidromus (Amphidromus) are reviewed, of which four occurin Thailand. Intraspecific variation between populations ofAmphidromus (Amphidromus) atricallosus (Gould, 1843) is considered;three subspecies are accepted and a new subspecies described.Subspecies of A. (A.) inversus (Müller, 1774) and A. (A.)schomburgki (Pfeiffer, 1861) are reconsidered, and a new subspeciesof the latter is described. A dichotomous key to the speciesand subspecies of Amphidromus (Amphidromus) in Thailand is provided. (Received 7 May 2004; accepted 31 March 2005)     

Recent and Tertiary Seeds of the Nymphaeaceae sensu lato with a Revision of Brasenia ovula (Brong.) Reid and Chandler

The nine extant genera within the Nymphaeaceae s l (Water Lilies)are shown to be separable from one another on the basis of seedmorphology In particular, epidermal detail, vertical sectionof the testa and relative position of the micropyle and hilumare diagnostic for each genus These features are consideredin connection with current systematic treatments of this familyFossil seeds are reviewed at the generic level and many of theseeds previously assigned to Brasenia ovula (Brong ) Reid andChandler are shown to belong to an extinct genus of Nymphaeaceaeintermediate between the currently accepted families Cabombacaceaeand Nymphaeaceae s s They are redescribed as Sabrenia chandleraegen et sp nov. The British Tertiary fossils Brasenia spinosaChandler, Palaeonymphaea eocenica Chandler emend and ?Nymphaealiminis sp nov are described Fossil material of Carpolithesovulum Brongniart 1822a, Brasenia victoria (Casp ) Weberbauer1893, B teumeri Kirchheimer 1935, B tenuicostata Nikitin 1965and Nymphaea arethusae Grambast 1962 has been studied for comparativepurposes The use of ‘?’ before the extant genericname is advocated when all features of a fossil indicate thatit may be placed in a living genus but when certain additional,critical features of the living genus are lacking on the fossil. Nymphaeaceae, water lilies, seeds, palaeobotany, Tertiary, Sabrenia chandlerae gen et sp nov Nymphaea liminis sp nov, Brasenia ovula     

中国菱猎蝽属厘订(半翅目：猎蝽科：真猎蝽亚科)

文中对国产的7种菱猎蝽作了比较详细的再描述与图示;短刺菱猎蝽Isyndus bre vispinus Breddin、毛翅菱猎蝽I .Lativentris Distant、毛足菱猎蝽I.Pilosipes Reuter被视为 有效种或独立种;I.Sinicus Hsiao et Ren 和I.Yunnananus Ren分别被认为是毛足菱猎蝽 I.Pilosipes Reuter和毛翅菱猎蝽I.Lativentris Distant的同物异名;短刺菱猎蝽为中国新纪录;所有种的阳茎构造均为首次报道;此外,还编制了该属中国已知种类分种检索表。     

The copepod genus Oncaea (Poecilostomatoidea) from the Lebanon: taxonomic and ecological observations

Eighteen species of the genus Oncaea, four of them polymorphic,have been collected from the inshore and offshore waters ofthe Lebanon. Three species are new additions to the Mediterraneanfaunal list, O.shmelevi, O.pumilis and O.rufa. The males ofthree poorly described species, O.bathyalis, O.ovalis and O.similis,the female of O.shmelevi and both sexes of O.tenella are redescribed.Oncaea media and O.mediterranea were the two most common representativesof the genus in the study area. Oncaea were most abundant inDecember and January and between March and May; they were mainlymesopelagic and oceanic. Many of the species recorded here havecosmopolitan distributions; some of the smaller ones are lesswell-known, but may prove in time to be as widespread as thelarger taxa.     

Addenda Clavariacea: I. Two new PteruloId Genera and Deflexula

The genera Allantula (one sp.) and Parapterulicium (two spp.)are described from Brazil. The first has decumbent, cystidiateand unbranched fruit-bodies. The second has gloeocystidia anddichophyses, neither of which have yet been recorded in Pteruloidgenera. In the revision of Deflexula, ten species are recognized, fourbeing transferred from Mucronella and Pterula, and three beingdescribed as new, namely, D. major, D. mangiformu, and D. sulcispora.     

Phytogeography, Biology and Conservation of Western Australian Epacridaceae

The Epacridaceae of Western Australia comprise 181 named speciesdistributed in 17 genera. One hundred and seventy seven species(98% of the total) and ten genera are endemic to the region.within Western Australia, all members are confined to the south,with a bimodal pattern of species diversity centred on the sandplainsand uplands around the Stirling Ranges and Mount Lesueur.Leucopogon, the largest genus, reflects this pattern, however, speciesdiversity is greatest on the south coastal sandplains. All species are woody shrubs, mostly found on neutral or acidicsandy soils. Plants of at least 120 species are killed by fire;Astrolomacontainsthe only significant number of resprouting species. Althoughsome species are in flower every month every year, autumn/winterflowering is a common feature of many members of the family.All species are biotically pollinated. Bird pollination is foundin 18 species in six genera. The remaining species are insectpollinated. Bees are the major pollinators inLeucopogon, ConostephiumandColeanthera.Moths and butterflies are important pollinators inAndersonia,Leucopogon,LysinemaandStyphelia. Flies are minor pollinators of some speciesofAndersonia, LeucopogonandMonotoca. All species studied areprotandrous and outbreeding, with onlyCosmeliabeing capableof self pollination. Fruits are fleshy inAstroloma, Brachyloma,Croninia, in certain species ofLeucopogonandStypheliaand areanimal dispersed. Other genera have dry, dehiscent fruit withgravity or wind dispersed seeds. Many species have relatively narrow distribution ranges, 90species having ranges of over 300km, 54 species have rangesof 100–300km and 37 have ranges of less than 100km (andthere are many undescribed species in this group). The conservationstatus of many species is still poorly known. Dieback diseaseis a major threat to the family, and could cause the extinctionof several species in the wild. Western Australia; Epacridaceae; phytogeography; biology; pollination; dispersal; conservation; disease     

THE GENUS TRICOLIA IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC AND THE MEDITERRANEAN

The genus Tricolia(Phasianellidae) in the Eastern Atlantic andMediterranean is reviewed on the bases of radular morphology,shell characters and polychromatism. The taxa included within the T. pullus (L.) group are not clearlyseparable and are treated as geographical subspecies:T. pulluspullus (L.), T. pullus picta (da Costa), T. pullus azorica (Dautzenberg),T. pullus canarica Nordsieck. The case of T. tenuis (Michaud)is problematic since it is clearly separable from sympatricT. pullus pullus in most parts of the Mediterranean but transitionalto T. pullus picta, towards the Atlantic. Other taxa are considered as having specific status since theyare consistently separable when found in sympatric populations.These include T. speciosa (Muhlfeldt), T. miniata (Monterosato),T. tingitana n.sp., T. petiti (Craven), T. nordsiecki (Talavera)and T. algoidea (Pallary). The last two species are stated forthe first time as belonging to the Phasianellidae. The genusEpheriella Pallary, based on T. algoidea, is synonymized withTricolia. (Received 6 April 1981;     

Sur quelques zooplanctontes abondants dans l'upwelling de Cabo Frio (Bresil)

On some zooplankters common in the Cabo Frio (Brazil) upwelling.In the waters off Cabo Frio zooplankton maxima are observedbetween February and April, which is the period of upwellingoccurrence. Copepods are highly diversified; we identified 96species at a single collecting station during one year. In summerCalanoides carinatus, Paracalanus parvus and Oncea media areabundant, whereas we observed dominance of Temora stylifera,Clausocalanus furcatus, C. arcuicomis, Oithona plumifera andgreat quantity of Creseis acicula during winter. Chaetognatha(Sagitta enflata), Appendicularia (Oikopleura longicauda), Ostracoda(Conchoecia spp.) and Pteropoda (Limacina sp.) are permanentthroughout the year, and maximum in summer. The vertical distributionof zooplankton depends on the hydrological structure, i.e. natureof the water mass and degree of mixing between different waters.Brazil current water, with low quantity of organisms and dominanceof copepods (Clausocalanus furcatus, Mecynocera clausi, Corycaeidae,Oithonidae, Oncaeidae) accompanied by Evadne spinifera and Lucifertypicus. South Atlantic Central Water (upwelling water) characterizedby rare deep copepods and abundance of Calanoides carinatusand Ctenocalanus vanus which are excellent indicator speciesfor upwelling occurrence. Coastal water, with low salinity,where some species with brackish affinity are observed, likeOithona ovalis and Podon polyphemoides.     

中国菲寄蝇属分类研究(双翅目: 寄蝇科)

经研究发现中国菲寄蝇属现共有9种,其中包括4新种：金额菲寄蝇Phebellia aurifrons sp. nov.,褐粉菲寄蝇Ph. fulvipollinis sp. nov.,宽叶菲寄蝇Ph. latisurstyla sp. nov.和毛基节菲寄蝇Ph. setocoxa sp. nov.。我国新记录3种：叶蜂菲寄蝇Ph. clavellariae (Brauer & Bergenstamm),灰粉菲寄蝇Ph. glauca (Meigen)和拟灰粉菲寄蝇Ph. glaucoides Herting。本文除详细描述新种特征及绘制特征图外,还提供中国菲寄蝇属已知种类的分种检索表。     

Genetic Control of Leaf Morphology: A Partial View

The partial-shoot theory of the leaf was a controversial hypothesisrevived by Arber and supported by her morphological and anatomicalstudies. This theory highlighted the parallels between leavesand shoots and contrasted with an alternative view that leaves,with their limited growth potential, are completely distinctfrom shoots. Pea morphological mutants with altered growth potentialin their compound leaves are described. The unifoliata mutanthas a limited growth potential relative to wild-type;cochleata,afila and insecatus have extended potentials. Characterizationof theunifoliata mutation and gene expression patterns indicatethat unifoliata is a common factor in pea compound leaf andfloral shoot development, and so provides rudimentary supportfor the idea that some leaves have shoot-like characteristics.Tomato leaves are also considered to lend tentative support.The afila and insecatus leaf forms are described as bipinnateand weakly bipinnate, respectively. These and the tendril-lessmutant are potential phenocopies of legume relatives, an ideabased on Vavilov's law of homologous series of variation. Arberillustrated, but did not articulate in genetical terms, thatmorphological variation in structures within an individual plantcan be interpreted as reiteration of design. Analogous withVavilov's view, this can be considered a consequence of thesame genetic programme in a different location.Copyright 2001Annals of Botany Company Agnes Arber, compound leaf, genetics, knotted1, legume, morphology, mutant, partial-shoot, pea, Pisum sativum, unifoliata, Vavilov     

漠甲亚科八种幼虫记述(鞘翊目：拟步甲科)

漠甲亚科Pimcliinae是一类广布于古北区的耐旱沙漠昆虫,幼虫在沙土内发育,危害 植物嫩芽和根部,经济意义较大。本文记述了采自宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古和新疆的8个种,即多毛扁漠甲、谢氏宽漠甲、泥脊漠甲^[1]、洛氏脊漠甲^[1]、光滑胖漠甲^[1]、蒙古漠王、谢氏宽漠王和大宽漠王的幼虫,并给出它们的检索表。幼虫标本保存于宁夏农学院。     

Complete larval and early juvenile development of the mangrove crab Perisesarma fasciatum (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Singapore, with a larval comparison of Parasesarma and Perisesarma

The complete larval development of the sesarmid crab Perisesarmafasciatum (Lanchester, 1900) from Singapore was obtained fromlaboratory culture. All four zoeal stages, the megalopa andthe first crab stage are described and illustrated. The morphologicalcharacteristics of the larvae of P. fasciatum are compared withthose of other known larvae of the genera Perisesarma and Parasesarma.The larval morphology of P. fasciatum clearly presents the typicalcombination of features that characterize sesarmid larvae. Overall,larval stages are very similar in Perisesarma and Parasesarmaand it is impossible to distinguish these two genera by larvalmorphology.     

中国斑粉蝶属分类研究（鳞翅目：粉蝶科）

系统地整理了中国斑粉蝶属DeliasHübner,1819的全部种类,共11种31亚种,包括3个中国 新记录亚种：倍林斑粉蝶指名亚种D. berinda berinda Moore、洒青斑粉蝶不丹亚种D.Sanaca bhutya Talbot和侧条斑粉蝶帕瓦亚种D. lativitta parva Talbot。提出将D.Lativitta tai Yoshino作为侧条斑粉蝶云南亚种D. lativitta yunnana Talbot的同物 异名,D. patrua guiyangensis Zhou et Zhang作为Delias berinda adelma Mitis的同物异名。阐述了各亚种的主要识别特征及其地理分布,分析了区系成分,并提供了分 种检索表及全部种类的雄外生殖器和大部分种类的雌性外生殖器特征图。附有3新记录亚种和国 内未见标本记载的2种的成虫彩色照片     

Microheterogeneity of PSI-E Subunit of Photosystem I in Nicotiana sylvestris

Microheterogeneity of a photosystem I (PSI) subunit encodedby a nuclear gene psaE was examined in Nicotiana sylvestris,with the aid of cDNA cloning, peptide mapping analysis and proteinsequencing. The psaE product of this plant has four isoformswhose mobilities in PAGE are slightly different from each other.We isolated two types of psaE cDNAs from a N. sylvestris cDNAlibrary, and designated the corresponding genes as psaEa andpsaEb, respectively. The psaEa and psaEb genes are 77% homologousat DNA level, and their translation products share 80.4% homologyfor the precursor proteins and 89.1% for the mature forms. Comparativeanalysis of the four isoproteins and the putative products ofthe two psaE genes revealed that two isoproteins out of fourare derived from psaEa gene, and the difference between thesetwo isoproteins lies in the respective presence or absence ofN-terminal alanine. Likewise, the other two proteins are derivedfrom psaEb with similar N-terminal heterogeneity. These resultsindicate that multi-gene organization and heterogeneous N-terminalformation at post-translational level are two possible causesfor PSI subunit polymorphism in isogenic plant lines. (Received October 8, 1993; Accepted November 30, 1993)     

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY, SPAWN AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE INTERTIDAL LIMPET SIPHONARIA (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA)

The taxonomy of South African Siphonaria is reviewed. We concludethat nine species are valid. These are: S. anneae Tomlin, 1944;S. capensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833; S. compressa Allanson,1959; S. concinna Sowerby, 1824; S. dayi Allanson, 1959; S.nigerrima Smith, 1903; S. oculus Krauss, 1848; S. serrata (Fischer,1807) and S. tenuicostulata Smith, 1903. Of these, Siphonarianigerrima Smith, 1903, has been incorrectly synonymized withSiphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858, which is not present on SouthAfrican shores. S. aspera Krauss, 1848 is reduced to a juniorsynonym of S. Serrata (Fischer, 1807). Shell characteristicsand mode of larval development are described for these nineSouth African species. All species deposit benthic egg massesand development may be either planktonic with swimming veligerlarvae (S. capensis, S. concinna and S. oculus) or direct, withcrawling larvae emerging from the eggs (S. anneae, S. compressa,S. dayi, S. nigerrima, S. serrata and S. tenuicostulata). (Received 20 November 1992; accepted 24 January 1994)     

THE BIOLOGY OF THE NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC TURRIDAE II. OENOPOTA

The habitat, diet, some reproductive and mortality factors forseveral shallow-water species of the boreal turrid genus Oenopotafrom the Puget Sound region were determined. All fed exclusivelyon tubicolous polychaetes. Oenopota fidicula was a dietary andhabitat generalise Oenopota elegans eats Schistocomus hiltoniand lives in areas of shell fragments. Oenopota excunata eatsTharyx multifilis and is a habitat generalist. Oenopota tabulataappears to be a dietary generalist, but lives only on or nearrocks. The widely-distributed species, O. levidensis, eats spionidpolychaetes, primarily Polydora species, or Owenia fusiformis,and is a habitat generalist. Feeding frequencies are low asare population densities; although O. levidensis sometimes exceeds15 animals m^–2. Crabs are major predators upon turridsin some areas, but mortality causes are generally obscure. Spawningwas observed in four species, but only O. elegans and O. levidensishad viable larvae. Development takes 13–15 weeks, 6–7weeks in a capsule and 6–7 weeks as planktonic veligers.There are no nurse eggs. Settling was not observed. ^*Present mailing address: Bamfield Marine Station Bamfield,B.C. VOR 1B0 CANADA (Received 30 May 1982;