TAXONOMY OF ADAMSIELLA L.E. PHILLIPS ET W.A. NELSON,GEN. NOV. AND EPIGLOSSUM KÜTZING (RHODOMELACEAE,CERAMIALES)1

In a taxonomic/phylogenetic study of the genus Lenormandia, several species were found to differ significantly from the type species, L. spectabilis Sonder, in apical morphology, blade‐surface pattern, medullary construction, the presence of pseudopericentral cells, and the position of reproductive structures. These species constitute two groups that differ morphologically, a finding largely supported by analysis of 18S rRNA sequences, as reported previously. The two putative Lenormandia species from New Zealand, along with two previously undescribed species also from New Zealand, comprised one such group, designated here by the new genus name Adamsiella L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, gen. nov. and including A. melchiori L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, sp. nov., A. lorata L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, sp. nov., A. angustifolia (Harvey) L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, comb. nov., and A. chauvinii (Harvey) L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson comb. nov. Adamsiella differs from Lenormandia by incurved apices, a chevron surface pattern, and reproductive structures on dorsi‐ventrally flattened apically incurved polysiphonous branchlets usually produced at the margins. Two species endemic to Australia formed the second group designated by the resurrected generic name Epiglossum and also characterized by a strongly incurved apex and chevron surface pattern but with reproductive structures produced on terete polysiphonous branchlets found either on the midrib or elsewhere on the blade surface but not the margins. Epiglossum contains E. smithiae (J.D. Hooker et Harvey) Kützing and E. proliferum (C. Agardh) L.E. Phillips, comb. nov.     

Rhaponticoidesaytachii sp. nov. (Asteraceae) from south Anatolia,Turkey

A new species of Rhaponticoides Vaill., Rhaponticoidesaytachii Y. Ba?c?, Do?u & Dinç sp. nov. collected by the authors from south Anatolia, is described and illustrated. The new species is restricted to deprived Quercus forest openness around Dumlugöze‐Sar?veliler (C4 Karaman). Diagnostic morphological characters from R. amplifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) M.V. Agab. & Greuter are discussed. The ecology, biogeography and conservation status of the new species is also presented.     

CYTOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON NORTH AMERICAN ASTERS. I. RANGE SURVEYS OF VIRGULUS ADNATUS,V. CONCOLOR,V. GEORGIANUS,V. GRANDIFLORUS,V. NOVAE-ANGLIAE,V. OBLONGIFOLIUS,V. PATENS,AND V. WALTERI

Chromosome number determinations from 118 populations of eight species of the aster genus Virgulus are reported for the first time. Based on these counts and literature reports the geographic distributions of diploids and tetraploids in V. concolor, V. novae-angliae, V. oblongifolius, and V. patens have been determined. In the first three species, diploids were widely distributed, while tetraploids were more restricted. In V. patens, diploids were restricted to the southwestern portion of the species’ range, while tetraploids were found throughout the range. Both V. adnatus and V. walteri were found only at the tetraploid level throughout their ranges. Two other species with restricted distributions were consistently found to be high level polyploids: V. georgianus with 2n = 50, V. grandiflorus with 2n = 60. The following new combinations are listed: Virgulus georgianus (Alexander ex Small) Semple; Virgulus subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & Gray) Semple; and Virgulus sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple.     

Philodendron carajasense sp. nov. (Araceae), a rheophyte from Carajás Mountain Range,northern Brasil

A new rheophytic species of Philodendron, viz. P. carajasense E. G. Gonç. & A. J. Arruda sp. nov., is described from the Carajás region, northern Brazil. This is the second rheophyte described in the genus, the first being P. flumineum E. G. Gonç. to which P. carajasense seems to be related. The new species is also compared with the closely related sympatric P. guttiferum, but the latter lacks the rheophytic habit. The new species is thought to be endemic to the Carajás region.     

Thermosphaeroma subequalum,n. gen., n. sp. (crustacea: Isopoda) from Big Bend National Park,Texas

A new species of the Sphaeromatidae (Thermosphaeroma subequalum) is described from thermal waters (32° –35dgC) in Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., Texas. A new genus, Thermosphaeroma, is proposed to include the Texas species and other sphaeromatids from hot springs in the American Southwest and Mexico: Exosphaeroma dugesi (Dolffus, 1893) from Aguascalientes, Mexico, and E. thermophilum (Richardson, 1897) from Socorro, New Mexico.Supported by National Park Service Contract PX 7000 3 0502, awarded to Owen T. Lind, Baylor University.     

Morphological and Molecular Identification of the New Species,Trichodina pseudoheterodentata sp. n. (Ciliophora,Mobilida, Trichodinidae) from the Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,in Chongqing China

It is difficult to differentiate similar trichodinids solely based on morphological examination, thus other identification methods, such as molecular identification, are necessary for identification. One mobilid ciliate named Trichodina pseudoheterodentata sp. n. was isolated from the gills of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in Chongqing, China. In the present study, its SSU rDNA was sequenced for the first time. Based on the results from both morphological identification and SSU rDNA sequencing, the new species was identified and compared with similar species. The morphological analysis revealed that T. pseudoheterodentata is a large Trichodina species (cell diameter 73.0–82.5 μm) and possesses robust denticles with broad blades and well‐developed blade connections. Characterization of its primary and secondary SSU rDNA structures indicated that T. pseudoheterodentata was distinctly different from congeneric species in H12, H15, E10_1, and V4 regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genetic distances among the new species and similar species reached interspecific levels, furthermore, the phylogenetic study also validated the identification of T. pseudoheterodentata and its placement in the genus Trichodina.     

Artabotrys manoranjanii sp. nov. (Annonaceae) from the Andaman Islands,India

Artabotrys manoranjanii M. V. Ramana, J. Swamy & K. C. Mohan (Annonaceae), a new species from the foot hills of Saddle Peak National Park, north Andaman Islands, is described and illustrated. Its fleshy petals and prominent stigmas, distinguish it from all previously known species. Its affinity with A. parkinsonii Chatterjee, a Myanmar species, and A. grandiflorus King, a species from Malayan peninsula, is deliberated.     

Pathotypic and molecular evolution of contemporary population of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Egypt during 2016–2018

The contemporary races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) in Egypt during 2016–2018 were differentiated based on virulence and molecular patterns. Virulence patterns based on the reaction of the 17 World/European differential sets carrying stripe rust resistance genes (Yr genes) resulted in ten races including four new (first recorded in Egypt) and six old (previously recorded in Egypt). The new races were identified as 64E0 (virulence [V] Yr4, Su), 0E16 (V Yr8, 19), 66E0 (V Yr4, 7, 22, 23, Su) and 4E130 (V Yr2, 6, 7, 25, HVII), while the old were 0E0 (avirulence), 2E0 (V Yr7, 22, 23), 2E16 (V Yr7, 8, 19, 22, 23), 4E0 (V Yr2, 6), 6E4 (V Yr2, 6, 7, 22, 23, 25) and 70E4 (V Yr2, 4, 6, 7, 22, 23, 25, Su). Cluster analysis differentiated Pst races based on virulence frequency to Yr genes. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to detect the molecular polymorphism of the Pst races. Clustering separated the old and new races into two groups, indicating their common ancestry since the new races were very distinct from the old races. Although clustering based on virulence revealed some evolutionary patterns, where the new races 64E0 and 66E0 may have probably evolved from the old races (2E16, 2E0, 6E4, 70E4) and the new race 4E130 may be evolved from the joint race 4E0. However, clustering based on molecular patterns indicated that the new races appear to be genetically distinct and may represent an exotic introduction rather than a mutation in isolates of the old races. A weak association between virulence and molecular patterns revealed that they are independent of each other. The SSR markers did not correspond to the virulences in the pathogen. Further studies on the potential virulence genes of the detected Pst virulences are needed.     

Elsholtzia litangensis sp. nov. (Lamiaceae) endemic to China

A new species of Elsholtzia, E. litangensis C. X. Pu & W. Y. Chen, is described and illustrated from Sichuan, Tibet and Qinghai. The diagnostic features of the new species are compared with E. fruticosa (D. Don) Rehd. Elsholtzia litangensis is characterized by a secund spike and a scaly buds in the leaf axils.     

Karyotype analysis of Eucinostomus argenteus, E. gula, E. harengulus, and Eugerres plumieri (Teleostei, Gerreidae) from Florida and Puerto Rico

The karyotypes of four gerreids of the western Atlantic Ocean are documented. A diploid chromosome complement of 48 telocentric chromosomes was found in the four species (2N=48t, fundamental number FN=48). No differences were detected either in the number of chromosomes of the standard karyotype, in their karyotype size, or between the karyotypes derived from male or female specimens of any of the species. Chromosome length decreased progressively and slightly from pair 1 to pair 24. The Ag–NOR karyotypes of E. argenteus and E. harengulus were characterized by the position of the nucleolar organizer regions next to the centromere in chromosome pair 1, whereas in E. gula and E. plumieri Ag–NORs were detected in pair 4. The other 46 chromosomes showed a light staining of the centromere with no terminal or intermediate heterochromatic blocks. All Eucinostomus species showed Ag–NORs of similar size, while Eugerres plumieri showed Ag–NORs 10–20% larger than Eucinostomus species. A combination of size and position of the Ag–NORs identified E. gula, while size alone identified E. plumieri. However, the ancestral state for size and position of Ag–NORs could not be established. There was no differential staining of the chromosomes by G-banding. The karyotype of the gerreids appears similar to the hypothetical ancestral karyotype of fish. The phylogenetic relationships among these species could not be established because of the lack of chromosome G-bands. Most likely this indicates a homogeneous distribution of GC nucleotides in the chromosomes.     

Vaccinium damingshanense sp. nov. (Ericaceae) from Guangxi,China

Vaccinium damingshanense (Ericaceae), a new species from Daming Mountain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China is described, illustrated and placed in a new key for the identification of species of V. sect. Eococcus Sleumer in China. The new species is similar to V. carlesii Dunn, but differs in leaf shape, leaf margin character and details of anther thecae. Information on its distribution and ecology is also provided.     

Eimeria lipura and E. landersi n. spp. (Protozoa,Eimeriidae) from the Long-tailed Porcupine Trichys lipura Günther, 1876 in Malaysia1

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts of 2 new species of Eimeria are described from the long-tailed porcupine Trichys lipura. The ovoid, 2-layered oocysts of E. lipura average 33.1 by 24.4 μ. A micropyle and polar granules are present; an oocyst residuum is absent. Ovoid sporocysts average 10.9 by 9.3 μ. A sporcyst residuum is present; Stieda body is absent. The subspherical, 3-layered oocyst of E. landersi averages 25.2 by 24.2 μ. An oocyst residuum is absent; a polar granule is present. Ovoid sporocysts average 11.7 by 7.9 μ. A sporcysts residuum is present; a Stieda body is absent.     

The impact of temperature regimes on development,dormancy breaking and germination of dwarf shrub seeds from arctic,alpine and boreal sites

It has been suggested that the infrequent sexual reproduction of arctic dwarf shrubs might be related to the harsh environmental conditions in which they live. If this is the case, then increases in temperature resulting from global climate change might drastically affect regeneration of arctic species. We examined whether recruitment of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum and Vaccinium uliginosum (hereafter E. nigrum and V. uliginosum) was affected by temperature during three reproductive stages: seed development, dormancy breakage and germination. Seeds were collected from an arctic, an alpine (only E. nigrum) and a boreal site with different climates; stored at different winter temperatures and incubated for germination at different temperatures. Seeds of V. uliginosum developed in the boreal region had a higher percentage germination than did seeds developed in the Arctic. In contrast, seeds of E. nigrum from the arctic site had a higher or similar percentage germination than did seeds from the alpine and boreal sites. Increased winter temperatures had no significant effect on resulting germination percentage of E. nigrum. However, V. uliginosum seeds from the arctic site suffered increased fungal attack (and thus decreased germination) when they were stratified under high winter temperatures. Seeds of both species increased germination with increased incubation temperatures. Our results suggest that both species would increase their germination in response to warmer summers. Longer summers might also favour the slow-germinating E. nigrum. However, increased winter temperatures might increase mortality due to fungal attack in V. uliginosum ecotypes that are not adapted to mild winters.     

Dendrocalamus parvigemma sp. nov. (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) from Vietnam

A new species of Dendrocalamus Nees from Vietnam, D. parvigemma N. H. Xia, V. T. Nguyen et V. L. Le, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to D. latiflorus Munro and D. yunnanicus Hsueh & Li, from which it differs by having a very small and nearly circular culm bud, dense, 1.4–1.6 cm long, palea with bristles and apex split in 2, narrowly lanceolate ovary, and sheath ligule 5 mm heigh and irregularly serrulate.     

Alyssum kaynakiae sp. nov. (sect. Gamosepalum,Brassicaceae) from southwest Anatolia,Turkey

A new species, Alyssum kaynakiae Y?lmaz, is described from southwest Anatolia, Turkey. The new species belongs to Alyssum sect. Gamosepalum (Hausskn.) T. R. Dudley. Alyssum kaynakiae is closely related to A. niveum T. R. Dudley, but differs by its biennial life form, longer ascendent stems, not imbricated linear cauline leaves and equally inflated fruits.     

Karyological and taxonomical considerations on Epipactis cupaniana sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Sicily

A new species of Epipactis from the Madonie massif (Sicily), E. cupaniana C. Brullo, D’Emerico and Pulv. sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is a nemoral species, occurring in Holm oak woods, and is characterized by a diploid chromosome complement of 2n = 2x = 38. In the metaphase I, the mother cells of the embryo sac contain 19 bivalents. With respect to morphology and karyotype structure, the new species shows a close relationships with E. helleborine and other allied species, such as E. meridionalis and E. schubertiorum, both occurring in southern Italy and Sicily. However, several morphological features, chromosome size, and differences in the heterochromatin distribution allow for a clear distinction between E. cupaniana and the above‐mentioned species.     

A new species of volvulina playfair

Summary A new species of Volvulina, V. pringsheimii, was isolated from Texas. This species differs from the well-known species of Volvulina, V. steinii, in having pyrenoids in the vegetative cells, a common gelatinous envelope surrounding the colony, a protoplasmic protrusion on the anterior end of each gamete, and spines on the secondary wall of the zygospore.This paper is dedicated to Professor Dr. E. G. Pringsheim on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Emericella omanensis,a new species from Oman soil

A new species ofEmericella isolated from forest soil in the Oman,E. omanensis, is described and illustrated. It differs from the other known species of the genus in having bivalvate ascospores with a tuberculate or verruculose convex wall. The new species is compared with the closely related speciesE. desertorum andE. echinulata.     

Hoya hanhiae sp. nov. (Apocynaceae,Asclepiadoideae) from central Vietnam

A new species, Hoya hanhiae V. T. Pham et Aver. discovered in central Vietnam is described, illustrated and compared with the related species H. macrophylla Bl. and H. verticillata (Vahl) G. Don.