甲状腺肿瘤组织VEGF-C和ERβ的表达与LVD的相关性分析

目的:探讨甲状腺肿瘤和癌旁正常甲状腺组织中VEGF-C和ERβ的表达与组织平均淋巴管密度的相关性.方法:采用SP免疫组织化学染色检测116例甲状腺癌、56例甲状腺腺瘤和20例正常甲状腺组织中VEGF-C和ERβ及D2-40的表达;以D2-40阳性结果计算组织平均淋巴管密度(LVD).观察不同甲状腺组织中VEGF-C和ERβ的表达水平并分析其与LVD的相关性.结果:甲状腺癌组织中VEGF-C的高表达阳性率显著高于正常甲状腺和甲状腺腺瘤(P＜0.05),ERβ的高表达阳性率显著低于正常甲状腺和甲状腺腺瘤(P＜0.05);两者表达呈轻度负相关(r=-0.312,P＜0.01);甲状腺癌VEGF-C表达与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P＜0.01).用D2-40标记的LVD值在甲状腺癌、甲状腺腺瘤和正常甲状腺组织之间有显著性差异(P＜0.001).甲状腺癌中淋巴结转移组LVD显著高于无淋巴结转移组(P＜0.0001).VEGF-C表达与D2-40呈正相关(r=0.515,P＜0.01).结论:ERβ表达下调可能通过促进VEGF-C的表达,进而影响淋巴管增生,促进肿瘤淋巴道转移.     

NF-κB与VEGF在甲状腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨核因子-κB (nuclear factor-κappa B, NF-κB)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF)对甲状腺癌发生发展的影响及其作用关系.方法应用免疫组化方法(SABC法),检测68例甲状腺癌、12例甲状腺腺瘤和10例癌旁正常甲状腺组织中NF-κB p65和VEGF的表达,并与甲状腺癌组织学分型、临床病理分期及淋巴结转移进行比较.结果 NF-κB p65显著表达于甲状腺癌细胞中(63.2%),而在甲状腺腺瘤中仅微弱表达(16.7%),正常甲状腺组织中未见表达;VEGF在甲状腺癌中表达率为75 %,显著高于甲状腺腺瘤(41.7%,P＜0.05);甲状腺癌中NF-κB p65与VEGF表达显著正相关(r=0.592,P＜0.01).二者表达均与甲状腺癌组织学分型、临床分期及淋巴转移有关.结论 NF-κBP65亚单位在甲状腺癌细胞中异常活化,其可能通过多种途径参与甲状腺癌的发生发展;NF-κB对VEGF的高水平表达可能具有潜在的正向调控作用,并藉此影响甲状腺癌的生长和转移.     

ABCG2蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨ABCG2蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 收集武汉大学人民医院2000-2006年手术切除及活检的甲状腺乳头状癌标本40例和甲状腺腺瘤标本20例.采用免疫组织化学方法检测甲状腺乳头状癌和甲状腺腺瘤组组织内ABCG2蛋白的表达.利用HPIAS-2000图像分析系统测定ABCG2蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌及甲状腺腺瘤中表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积率.结果 甲状腺乳头状癌组织中ABCG2蛋白呈高表达;甲状腺腺瘤中ABCG2蛋白呈低表达;图像分析结果显示两组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 ABCG2在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的高表达可能参与了甲状腺乳头状癌的发生、发展,而且其在癌组织中的高表达可能参与了甲状腺乳头状癌化疗过程中多药耐药形成.     

CD44V6和MMP-2在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究黏附分子CD44V6和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在甲状腺癌中的表达、相互关系及其与甲状腺癌侵袭转移的相关性.方法:采用SP免疫组化法检测114例甲状腺肿瘤组织中CD44V6和MMP-2的表达.结果:CD44V6和MMP-2在35例甲状腺乳头状癌(Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma,PTC)中阳性表达率分别为70.6%和73.5%,在41例甲状腺滤泡癌(Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas,FTC)中阳性表达率分别为70.7%和75.6%,均高于甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿组织中的表达,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在甲状腺癌组织中MMP-2和CD44V6的表达具有显著相关性(r=0.4828,P＜0.001).且两者表达与甲状腺癌的临床分期及有、无淋巴结转移显著相关.结论:CD44V6和MMP-2的表达与甲状腺癌分化程度、浸润和转移关系密切.CD44V6和MMP-2检测对甲状腺癌的诊断、分化程度、转移趋势和预后评估具有重要参考价值,是甲状腺癌侵袭、转移和预后判断的分子标志物.     

肥大细胞及类胰蛋白酶在人甲状腺肿瘤组织中的表达 及其与微血管密度的关系

目的:探讨肥大细胞(mast cell,MC)及类胰蛋白酶(tryptase)与甲状腺肿瘤微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)的相关性及其对甲状腺癌发生发展的影响。方法:采用甲苯胺蓝组织化学染色和PV免疫组织化学染色对116例甲状腺癌、56例甲状腺腺瘤和10例正常甲状腺组织中MC和tryptase及其CD31的表达进行了检测;对MC和tryptase与MVD的关系进行了统计学分析。结果:甲状腺肿瘤中MC的数量和tryptase阳性表达高于正常甲状腺,而且与肿瘤的类型有关(P<0.01);Spearman等级相关分析显示各组甲状腺组织MC数量和tryptase表达与MVD呈正相关(r=0.900,r=0.636,P<0.05)。结论:MC及其分泌的tryptase有促进血管新生的作用,因而可促进甲状腺肿瘤的浸润和转移。     

瘦素及其受体在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中共同高表达

目的探讨瘦素(leptin)和瘦素受体(leptin recptor,LEPR)在甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学Elivision法分别检测60例甲状腺乳头状癌组织和45例甲状腺腺瘤组织中leptin和LEPR的表达,免疫荧光双染检测leptin及LEPR在甲状腺乳头状癌组织和癌旁正常甲状腺组织中的共同表达;Pearson相关性分析法分析PTC组织中leptin和LEPR表达水平之间的相关性,卡方检验法分析leptin和LEPR表达与患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果 Leptin和LEPR在PTC组织中的阳性表达率均高于甲状腺腺瘤组织;二者在PTC组织中的表达呈正相关,并呈共同高表达;在PTC组织中,肿瘤直径≥1cm者leptin和LEPR阳性表达率均高于肿瘤直径1cm者;leptin和LEPR在有淋巴结转移者阳性表达率均低于未发生转移者。结论 leptin和LEPR在PTC组织中呈现共同高表达,且两者的表达与肿瘤直径和淋巴结转移等肿瘤进展指标密切相关,提示两者可能在PTC的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,可以作为PTC治疗的潜在靶点。     

大肠肿瘤中PTEN和TGF-β1表达及意义

目的 检测大肠癌及大肠腺瘤中PTEN和TGF-β1蛋白的表达,了解大肠癌临床病理的相关因素.方法 采用SP免疫组化法,检测PTEN和TGF-β1蛋白在大肠组织中的表达及意义.结果 PTEN在正常黏膜、大肠腺瘤、大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为100%、70%和51.61%;而癌旁组织的阳性表达率60.87%,与癌组织相似,两者有明显的同步表达性.大肠癌中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达率明显低于非癌组(P< 0.05).TGF-β1在正常黏膜、大肠腺瘤及大肠癌中的阳性表达率分别为0%、40%、83.87%,癌旁组织为67.39%.正常黏膜组织TGF-β1的表达低于癌旁组织、大肠腺瘤和大肠癌(P< 0.05).PTEN表达随肿瘤分化程度的降低、临床分期提高而降低(P< 0.05),TGF-β1的表达与肿瘤分化程度、临床分期有关(P< 0.05);PTEN与TGF-β1的表达呈负相关.结论 PTEN表达降低和TGF-β1表达升高可能与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关,且可能与大肠癌生物学行为及预后有关.     

表皮生长因子及受体在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达

目的:研究表皮生长因子(Epidermal Growth Factor,EGF)及受体(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,EGFR)及在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达。方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测91例甲状腺病变组织中EGFR和EGF的表达情况。结果:结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤、分化型甲状腺癌标本中EGFR表达的阳性率分别为15%、25%、68.62%,EGF表达的阳性率分别为10%、15%、68.62%,其中EGFR、EGF在分化型甲状腺癌与其余两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EGFR和EGF在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、临床分期等临床因素无明显相关。结论:EGF和EGFR的表达可作为鉴别甲状腺肿瘤良恶性的一个指标。     

血管生成素-1在甲状腺腺瘤中的表达及其与超声造影的相关性分析

目的:以瘤旁正常组织为对照,研究甲状腺腺瘤中血管生成素-1(Ang-1)的表达情况,并分析其与超声造影的相关性,为超声诊断及预后判断提供依据。方法:回顾性分析甲状腺腺瘤患者15例的超声造影检查结果,根据时间强度曲线获得造影参数。用Western印迹检测术后肿瘤及瘤旁标本的Ang-1表达情况,并与超声造影结果进行相关性分析。结果:15例甲状腺腺瘤中,13例造影后肿块与周围甲状腺表现为高回声(86.7%,13/15),2例出现等回声(13.3%,2/15),12例肿块内部均匀增强(80%,12/15);甲状腺腺瘤组平均渡越时间(m TT)、峰值强度(Imax)大于瘤旁组(P0.05);甲状腺腺瘤较瘤旁组织Ang-1表达明显升高(P0.05);相关性比较可见Ang-1表达水平与始增时间(RT)、达峰时间(TTP)、m TT的表达呈负相关(P0.01),与Imax的表达呈正相关(P0.01)。结论:甲状腺腺瘤中Ang-1较瘤旁组织明显升高,其超声造影指标与Ang-1的表达水平存在相关性,通过甲状腺腺瘤的超声造影,可以为Ang-1的表达水平提供依据,并可能为预后提供参考。     

ndrg家族研究进展

ndrg家族包括ndrg1、ndrg2、ndrg3和ndrg4四个成员,其中ndrg4分为三个亚型：ndrg4—B、ndrg4—B^var和ndrg4—H。ndrg家族在正常组织和肿瘤组织中存在着差异表达,它在细胞的增殖、分化过程中发挥着重要作用。     

Side population cells in anaplastic thyroid cancer and normal thyroid

Comparison of studies of cells derived from normal and pathological tissues of the same organ can be fraught with difficulties, particular with cancer where a number of different diseases are considered cancer within the same tissue. In the thyroid, there are 4 main types of cancer, three of which arise from follicular epithelial cells; papillary and follicular which are classified as differentiated, and anaplastic which is classified as undifferentiated.One assay that can be utilised for isolation of cancer stem cells is the side population (SP) assay. However, SP studies have been limited in part due to lack of optimal isolation strategies and in the case of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) are further compounded by lack of access to ATC tumors. We have used thyroid cell lines to determine the optimal conditions to isolate viable SP cells. We then compared SP cells and NSP cells (bulk tumour cells without the SP) of a normal thyroid cell line N-thy ori-3-1 and an anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line SW1736 and showed that both SP cell populations displayed higher levels of stem cell characteristics than the NSP. When we compared SP cells of the N-thy ori-3-1 and the SW1736, the SW1736 SP had a higher colony forming potential, expressed higher levels of stem cell markers and CXCR4 and where more migratory and invasive, invasiveness increasing in response to CXCL12.This is the first report showing functional differences between ATC SP and normal thyroid SP and could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets to treat ATC.     

Immunohistochemical localization of thyroid hormone in rat thyroid gland.

Direct and indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to localize the thyroid hormones triidothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in adult rat thyroid gland. Optimum dilutions of the antisera were established and four tissue fixatives were investigated for usefulness in this technique. Use of antibodies specific for either T3 or T4 resulted in brilliant fluorescence in the colloid pools and apical cytoplasm of follicular cells. In all cases, the adjacent parathyroid gland was devoid of fluorescence. This report demonstrates that these dipeptide hormones can be localized by using immunofluorescence techniques.     

Inactivation of human thyroid stimulator by human thyroid extract.

To determine whether the thyroid stimulating activity of IGG of patients with Graves' disease is associated with the reaction with a putative human thyroid antigen, the inactivation of the property of IgG to stimulate cAMP generation in human thyroid slices incubated in vitro was studied by pretreating the IgG with human thyroidal particulate fraction. In the preliminary experiment, it was demonstrated that to cause cAMP generation stimulation, on incubation period of 120 min is required to allow the IgG to penetrate the tissue. When human thyroid slices were incubated with normal IgG without or with pretreatment by human thyroid particulate fraction obtained from 100 mg tissue, cAMP content in the slices was 142 +/- 25 or 138 +/- 26 f moles/mg, respectively, indicating that basal thyroidal cAMP levels were not influenced at all by normal IgG even after pretreatment with thyroid particulate fraction. When the slices were incubated with gG of Graves' disease without or with the similar pretreatment, cAMP content was 320 +/- 31 or 140 +/- 25 f moles/mg, respectively, demonstrating an almost complete inhibition of the activity of the IgG to cause cAMP generation stimulation.     

Quantitative modulation of thyroid iodide peroxidase by thyroid stimulating hormone

The activity of rat thyroid iodide peroxidase fell to 8% of the normal value 48 hours after hypophysectomy. Rats given injections of thyroid stimulating hormone manifested an enzyme activity indistinguishable from that of the sham-operated animals. Cycloheximide prevented the thyroid stimulating hormone-induced restoration of the enzyme activity. The incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine into the thyroid gland decreased gradually and reached two thirds of the sham-operated group by 48 hours after hypophysectomy. Thyroid stimulating hormone administration prevented this decrease, as observed for iodide peroxidase activity. Thyroidal RNA contents decreased also in hypophysectomized rats, thyroid stimulating hormone treatment prevented the reduction of RNA contents and no significant change was observed in thyroidal DNA contents. These data are consistent with the idea that protein biosynthesis is involved in thyroid stimulating hormone regulation of thyroidal iodide peroxidase and that the life span of the peroxidase is less than 48 hours.