Ultrastructure of bacteria and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in marine sediments

Bacteria in sediments from the surface aerobic layer (0–1 cm) and a deeper anaerobic layer (20–21 cm) of a seagrass bed were examined in section by transmission electron microscopy. Bacteria with a Gram-negative ultrastructure made up 90% of bacteria in the surface layer, and Gram-positive bacteria comprised 10%. In the anaerobic zone, Gram-negative bacteria comprised 70% and Gram-positive bacteria 30% of the bacterial population. These differences were highly significant and support predictions of these proportions made from muramic acid measurements and direct counting with fluorescence microscopy. Most cells were enveloped in extracellular slime layers or envelopes, some with considerable structural complexity. The trophic value to animals of these envelopes is discussed. A unique organism with spines was observed.     

固氮菌与溶磷菌接种对红海榄生长的影响

采用室内盆栽试验,研究固氮菌(Phy)、溶磷菌(Vib)单接种及双接种对红树植物红海榄植株生长和氮、磷营养的影响.接种后6个月对试验苗的生长指标等测定及分析表明,Phy、Vib单接种或Phy+Vib双接种均能改善红海榄氮、磷素营养,增强其光合作用,进而明显促进植株的生长和生物量的增加;其中Phy+Vib双接种的促生效果最显著,其苗高、茎径、地下生物量、总生物量、根全氮含量、根全磷含量和叶片叶绿素总量分别比未接种的对照苗提高43.3%,11.6%,44.8%,29.9%,29.3%,27.0%和16.8%.固氮菌(Phy)、溶磷菌(Vib)双接种在促进红海榄植株生长方面表现出一定的正交互效应,可用于苗期接种.     

石油污染环境中固氮和寡氮营养细菌的分离鉴定及其特性

[背景]石油污染治理中的生物修复因无二次污染、处理成本低等优点受到人们的广泛关注,但由于石油烃向环境中大量输入,导致环境中氮源的相对不足成为制约生物修复效率的关键因素之一,因此筛选能够适应寡氮环境的微生物具有重要的生态意义.[目的]从辽河油田油藏水中筛选在不添加氮源培养基中生长的微生物,为石油污染环境生物修复提供候选菌...     

Aldolases of the lactic acid bacteria

Reciprocal qualitative and quantitative immunological experiments employing an anti-Pediococcus cerevisiae aldolase serum confirmed many of the interspecific relationships demonstrated previously among lactic acid bacteria with antisera prepared against the Streptococcus faecalis fructose diphosphate aldolase. The extent of immunological relatedness observed between the Lactobacillus and Pediococcus aldolases was markedly greater than that noted between Pediococcus and Streptococcus aldolases indicating that the pediococci share closer phylogenetic ties with the rod-shaped lactobacilli than with their spherical counterparts in the streptococci. In addition to confirming the existence of definitive, but distant, relationships between the lactic acid bacteria and certain gram positive nonsporeforming anaerobes, immunological cross-reactivity was also demonstrated between the pediococcal aldolases and those of Aerococcus viridans.This paper is dedicated with deepest appreciation to Prof. Roger Y. Stanier on the occasion of his 60th birthday in token of what his friendship and guidance have meant to me. — J. L.     

Phosphate requirements of the nitrifying bacteria

The influence of the phosphate concentration on the specific growth rate and the duration of lag has been studied inNitrobacter winogradskyi andNitrosomonas europaea.The optimum phosphate concentration range for the specific growth rate was 10 to 30mm forNitrobacter and 10 to 100mm forNitrosomonas. In this range the lag was least. Depletion of the cell-P does not affect the relation between specific growth rate and phosphate concentration while the lag seems to increase as cell-P depletion proceeds.     

细菌“特殊结构”之浅见

细菌的结构是病原生物学课程教学中最为基础的教学内容.随着科学技术和研究方法的发展,人们对细菌结构的认识也愈加深入.对国内教材普遍采用的细菌“特殊结构”概念提出不同的观点,试与同行切磋探讨.     

Biosensors for the detection of bacteria

This review will consider the role of biosensors towards the detection of infectious bacteria, although non-infectious ones will be considered where necessary. Recently, there has been a heightened interest in developing rapid and reliable methods of detection. This is especially true for detection of organisms involved in bioterrorism, food poisoning, and clinical problems such as antibiotic resistance. Biosensors can assist in achieving these goals, and sensors using several of the different types of transduction modes are discussed: electrochemical, high frequency (surface acoustic wave), and optical. The paper concludes with a discussion of three areas that may make a great impact in the next few years: integrated (lab-on-a-chip) systems, molecular beacons, and aptamers.