滇龙胆中萜类物质积累的动态变化

滇龙胆（Gentiana rigescens）为传统中药材。采用单因素方差分析比较不同生长季节滇龙胆的根部及茎叶部位龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷及当药苷含量的动态变化。结果表明,在不同生长季节,滇龙胆的根部与茎叶部位3种有效成分的含量具明显差异。龙胆苦苷主要积累于根部;獐牙菜苦苷、当药苷主要积累于茎叶部位。相关性分析表明,龙胆苦苷含量受气候因子的影响,月平均温度与茎叶部位龙胆苦苷含量呈极显著负相关（R=-0.57,P〈0.01）,月降水量与根部、茎叶部位龙胆苦苷含量呈显著（R=-0.48,P〈0.05）或极显著（R=-0.74,P〈0.01）负相关;根中当药苷含量与獐牙菜苦苷含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.62,P〈0.01）,茎叶部位獐牙菜苦苷含量与当药苷含量呈显著正相关（R=0.38,P〈0.05）。研究结果表明,滇龙胆中龙胆苦苷含量受降水量和温度的影响;龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷及当药苷的含量变动具相关性;9-11月较适宜滇龙胆药材的采收。     

4种秦艽属植物不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量的比较分析

利用HPLC法测定了秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)、粗茎秦艽(G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.)、麻花秦艽(G.straminea Maxim.)和小秦艽(G.dahurica Fisch.)根、茎、叶和花中4种环烯醚萜苷成分(包括马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷)的含量,并对来源于不同产地秦艽和小秦艽不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分的含量进行了比较。结果显示:4种秦艽属植物不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量差异明显,来源于3个产地(陕西太白、甘肃西河乡和马狭)的秦艽和2个产地(青海互助和陕西麟游)的小秦艽不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷含量也均具有明显差异。4种秦艽属植物根、茎、叶和花中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量分别为质量分数5.996%～10.869%、0.310%～4.065%、0.235%～4.138%和0.545%～5.591%;根中獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷的质量分数分别为0.516%～0.953%和0.042%～0.210%,茎中分别为0.173%～0.383%和0.031%～1.700%,叶中分别为0.068%～0.684%和0.020%～3.208%,花中分别为0.460%～0.832%和0.138%～3.827%。粗茎秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最高,小秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最低,总体上,秦艽和粗茎秦艽中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量高于小秦艽和麻花秦艽;小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,而秦艽茎和叶及粗茎秦艽花中獐牙菜苷含量均最低。4种秦艽属植物根部龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸含量均明显高于茎、叶和花,獐牙菜苦苷在根和花中的积累较多,獐牙菜苷在花中的含量均相对最高。产自青海互助的小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,质量分数分别为2.884%、5.215%和7.321%。研究结果表明:4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量不但与植物种类和器官有关,而且与产地和采样时间也有关。     

不同生长季节下藏药麻花秦艽活性成分含量研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定了野生与栽培藏药麻花秦艽（Gentiana straminea）根中龙胆苦苷、落干酸、獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷四种环烯醚萜苷类化学成分的含量及其在不同生长季节的变化趋势。结果表明,4种环烯醚萜苷类成分的含量随植物的生长季节而波动,其活性成分含量在野生种与栽培种之间发生了一定的差异。但是,栽培根中的龙胆苦甙已达到药典的标准,可供药用。     

栽培藏药材麻花艽中四种苦苷类成分含量的季节性变化

采用高效液相色谱法,测定了栽培藏药材麻花艽根中龙胆苦苷、落干酸、獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷四种苦苷类成分的含量及其在不同生长期的动态变化。结果表明,四种苦苷类成分随植物的发育节律而波动。龙胆苦苷的含量是评价药材质量的重要指标。龙胆苦苷的含量虽然在7月有个积累的高峰期,但7月为花期,从资源可持续利用的角度考虑,不宜定为采收期,到9月含量又有所增加,故而确定栽培藏药麻花艽根的适宜采收期应在9~10月之间。     

HPLC测定7种龙胆科植物花中龙胆苦苷与獐牙菜苦苷的含量

目的:建立7种龙胆花中龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷含量测定的HPLC方法。方法:采用微波辅助动态回流法进行提取,色谱条件:Fusion-RP 80 A C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱(0~25 min:15%~30%);流速:1 mL/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长240 nm。结果:7种龙胆花中獐牙菜苦苷和龙胆苦苷的色谱峰与共存组分完全达到基线分离,线性范围分别为0.105~0.945μg(r=0.999 9),0.3~0.7μg(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率分别为97.8%(RSD=1.02%),98.9%(RSD=1.51%)。结论:所建立的方法测定快速,结果准确可靠。     

HPLC法同时测定藏药岷县龙胆中4种有效成分的含量

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定藏药岷县龙胆中獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷和异荭草苷含量。结果测定岷县龙胆中獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷和异荭草苷的含量分别为0.108%、1.46%、2.21%、1.61%。色谱条件为:色谱柱:XDB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);柱温:25℃;流速:1.0 mL/min;流动相:甲醇/0.01%乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长260 nm。本方法快速、准确、重复性好,适用于岷县龙胆中4种有效成分的含量测定,可为藏药岷县龙胆药材的质量控制提供依据。     

RP-HPLC法测定青海产四种秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷的含量

建立了秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷含量测定的RP-HPLC方法。色谱条件：采用ZorbaxEclipseXDB-C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相：甲醇-0.03%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱（0～25min：15%～23%;25～30min：23%～30%）,流速：1mL/min,柱温：25℃,检测波长240nm,獐牙菜苦苷在0.20～1.8μg范围内成良好的线性关系,r=0.9999,回收率RSD=1.32%。对青海产4种秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷的含量进行了定量分析,测定结果：小秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷的含量最高为：0.62%,麻花秦艽与管花秦艽的含量没有显著差异,分别为：0.43%,0.45%,簧管秦艽的含量最低为：0.32%。     

苦龙胆酯苷的研究进展

苦龙胆酯苷是一种裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物,又称为苦龙苷或龙胆苦酯苷。其分子式为:C27H28O14,分子量为576.52,是已知最苦的裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物。目前已证明可从川东獐牙菜、印度獐牙菜、龙胆草以及辐花肋柱花中提取。辐花肋柱花是最新证明的可提取苦龙胆酯苷的植物。苦龙胆酯苷具有助消化,保肝,抗皮肤肿瘤,抗黑热病等药理活性。在古代印度传统医药以及中药藏药中,苦龙胆酯苷的来源植物是治疗消化系统相关疾病的一味常见的草药,如保肝、抗糖尿病等。在体内药代动力学研究中,兔静脉注射苦龙胆酯苷,在血中有较快的清除率(2.62±0.41 L/h/kg)和广泛的体内组织分布(1.08±0.44 L/kg);采用游离、脂质体和囊泡体形式给仓鼠用药具有明显保护肝肾功能且未发现明显不良反应。     

藏药提宗龙胆花的化学成分研究

从传统藏药提宗龙胆(Gentiana tizuensisFranch.)花的乙醇提取物中分离得到3个化合物,利用波谱方法鉴定为熊果酸(ursolic acid,1)、异荭草苷(isooreintin,2)、日本獐牙菜素(swertiajaponin,3).其中,化合物2为首次从该植物中发现,化合物3为龙胆属植物中首次发现.     

栽培川西獐牙菜中6种药用成分的测定方法和动态积累研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法对川西獐牙菜中6种药用成分不同生长期的含量进行了测定.色谱柱为Kro-masilC18 250mm×4.60mm,5μm ,流动相为甲醇-0.02%的磷酸水溶液,检测波长260nm.该方法具有很好的线性关系和回收率.结果显示,川西獐牙菜全草的最佳采收期为9月中旬 花果期 .     

Chemical and Genetic Comparative Analysis of Gentiana crassicaulis and Gentiana macrophylla

Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk . and Gentiana macrophylla Pall . are two main sources of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (Qinjiao) available in markets, which has a wide range of anti‐inflammatory effects and has been extensively used for fighting rheumatoid arthritis. However, they vary in terms of chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and biomass. In this study, a combined chemical and genetic (HPLC and DNA barcoding) approach was used to compare these two plants. Four predominant bioactive compounds, namely, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, swertiamarin, and sweroside, were used to assess the chemical variations. Based on chemical variations, 15 samples were clustered into two groups through PCA analyses. DNA barcoding utilizing the variable nuclear ITS2 regions were sequenced, aligned, and compared. Together with 61 sequences collected from GenBank, 76 batches of Qinjiao were clustered in two groups according to species origin. The genetic relationships indicated by the ITS2‐based NJ tree were consistent with the chemical variations. Thus, the chemical profiles determined by HPLC and DNA profiles obtained from ITS2 region could be applied for the quality control of Qinjiao.     

Triterpenoids from Gentiana scabra

Five triterpenoids, (20S)-dammara-13(17),24-dien-3-one, (20R)-dammara-13(17),24-dien-3-one, chirat-16-en-3-one, chirat-17(22)-en-3-one and 17beta,21beta-epoxyhopan-3-one, were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Gentiana scabra together with five known ones, chiratenol, hop-17(21)-en-3-one, hop-17(21)-en-3beta-ol, lupeol and alpha-amyrin. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies.     

Chemical components from Gentiana aristata

Two new, highly oxygenated ursane-type triterpenoids with an epidioxy function, compounds 1 and 2, as well as a new stanside-derived iridoid, compound 10, were isolated from the EtOH extract of Gentiana aristata (whole plant), together with 14 known constituents. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic investigations, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by means of HR-MS. Compounds 3 and 5-9 were screened in vitro for their cytotoxicities against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), human ovarian (HO-8910), and human lung epithelia (A-549) cancer cells.     

Optimization of inoculum density to support root growth and secondary metabolite accumulation in root cultures of endangered Gentiana species: Gentiana lutea and Gentiana boissieri

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - Gentiana species belonging to the Gentianaceae family are medicinal plants rich in glycosides and phenolics. Gentiana lutea L. is a highly...     

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors from Gentiana lutea

Three monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were isolated from Gentiana lutea. Their structures were elucidated to be 3-3'linked-(2'-hydroxy-4-O-isoprenylchalcone)-(2'-hydroxy-4'-O-isoprenyldihydrochalcone) (1), 2-methoxy-3-(1,1'-dimethylallyl)-6a,10a-dihydrobenzo(1,2-c)chroman-6-one and 5-hydroxyflavanone. These compounds, and the hydrolysis product of 1, displayed competitive inhibitory properties against MAO-B which was more effective than MAO-A.     

Gentiopicrin-producing endophytic fungus isolated from Gentiana macrophylla

Gentiana macrophylla is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Its dominant active constituents are secoiridoids, mainly gentiopicrin. The objective of this study was to determine whether endophytic fungi isolated from this plant produce the bioactive ingredient gentiopicrin. Primary screening was done by Dragendorff's reaction and the strain re-selection was done with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fermentation products of the selected strains. In this study, 20 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from G. macrophylla, and the extracts from five strains had a positive Dragendorff's reaction. Two strains (QJ16 and QJ18) had a component with the same R_f value in TLC as that of authentic gentiopicrin and one ingredient of the QJ18 extract had a retention time identical with that of authentic gentiopicrin in HPLC. Therefore, the fungus appears to produce the bioactive ingredient gentiopicrin, as does its host plant, and could be used for the production of gentiopicrin by fermentation.     

条纹龙胆的胚胎学研究

首次报道了条纹龙胆（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ ｔｓｒｉａｔａ Ｍａｘｉｍ．）的胚胎学特征,研究结果用以讨论龙胆属狭蕊组（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｓｔｅｎｏｇｙｎｅ）的系统演化关系。主要研究结果如下：花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层细胞仅来源于初生壁细胞,故绒毡层起源属单型起源,细胞单核,原位退化,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞经多次平周分裂形成２层至多层的绒毡层细胞,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为１     

秦艽的生物学研究

秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)属龙胆科(Gentianaceae)龙胆属(Gentiana L.)秦艽组(Sect.Cruciata Gaudin)植物,是我国大宗中药材秦艽的源植物之一。近年来对秦艽药用成分的分离鉴定和药理学等进行了较深入地研究。重点通过对秦艽的种质资源与分布、形态解剖、生殖生物学及栽培学等生物学方面的研究进行综述,为深入研究秦艽的生物学特性及其发展秦艽生产提供参考。     

线叶龙胆的胚胎学研究

首次报道了龙胆属华丽组的胚胎发育过程,其代表种线叶龙胆花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层两型起源,细胞具双核和多核,绒毡层细胞１￣３次分裂形成“横格”和“类胎座”,原位退化,属非典型的腺质型;中层细胞两层;药室内壁纤维状加厚。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列主要为四面体形;成熟花粉为３－细胞型。子房为２心皮,１室,超侧膜胎座。胚珠１０￣１５列,腹维管束彼此靠近,并在中下部融合。薄珠心,