贫困大学生人格特征与心理适应的相关研究

目的:通过对贫困大学生进行人格特征和心理适应能力调查,可以准确掌握贫困大学生人格特征和心理适应能力特点以及人格特征对个体心理适应能力的影响.方法:使用<中国大学生心理健康测评系统>中的<中国大学生心理适应量表(CCSAS)>和<中国大学生人格量表(CCSPS)>对新疆8所本科高校的贫困生和非贫困生进行调查.结果:在人格特征方面则贫困生表现得更为严谨(P<0.05).在心理适应能力方面贫困生的学习适应能力较强(P<0.05).活跃、坚韧、处世态度、随和等是影响个体心理适应能力的主要人格特征.结论:人格特征对个体心理适应能力产生较大的影响.     

大学生人格特征与社交焦虑的相关研究

目的:探讨大学生人格特征与社交焦虑的关系,为高校大学生心理教育工作提供理论依据.方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,对1600名大学生进行心理测评,测评工具包括社交焦虑量表(IAS)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ).结果:本研究发现,高社交焦虑的大学生为370人,占总体被试的25.6%;女大学生社交焦虑水平高于男大学生,农村、矿区的学生其社交焦虑水平高于城镇学生;逐步多元回归结果发现,内外向、神经质为社交焦虑的有效预测因素,联合解释变异量为23.7%.结论:高社交焦虑的大学生占总体调查人数的25.6%;人格特征、性别、家庭住址是社交焦虑的影响因素;应加强大学生健康个性的培养及社交焦虑的相关干预.     

恋爱大学生人格特点与社会支持的关系研究

目的:探讨恋爱大学生人格特点与社会支持的关系。方法:采用卡特尔16种人格问卷(16PF)和社会支持量表对231名谈恋爱大学生进行问卷调查。结果:恋爱大学生的人格特征与他们的社会支持密切相关,不同社会支持水平的恋爱大学生在人格方面存在显著差异。结论:恋爱大学生的人格特征与社会支持关系密切。     

独立学院大学生家庭环境调查报告

目的:调查独立学院学生的家庭环境,以了解家庭环境对学生人格及学业压力的影响。方法:运用父母养育方式问卷及自编家庭状况问卷,分层整群抽样,对420名大学生进行调查。结果:统计结果显示,独立学院学生与本校普通学院学生在父母养育方式、父母学历、家庭月收入及家庭所在地上均有差异;独立学院男、女生的父母养育方式也有差异。结论:独立学院学生得到更多的父亲理解与温暖;父母学历更高;家庭月收入多在中间水平;家在县城的更多。     

护士心理亚健康与人格特征的相关性研究

目的探讨护士心理亚健康与人格特征的相关性。方法采用便利整群抽样法选取衡阳市3所三级甲等医院820名护士为研究对象,采用康奈尔医学指数及艾森克个性问卷对护士的心理亚健康状况与人格特征进行调查,并进行相关分析。结果护士心理亚健康发生率为38.3%。护士E与L得分均低于常模,护士P与N得分均高于常模,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。护士人格特质E量表分与MR分及绝大多数的症状因子分呈负相关;护士人格特质P量表分与MR分及所有的症状因子分呈正相关;护士人格特质N量表分与MR分及所有的症状因子分呈正相关;护士人格特质L量表分与MR分及绝大多数的症状因子分呈负相关。结论护士的心理健康状况不容乐观,并且与其人格特征有一定的相关性。     

高校大学生恋爱观浅析

目前,大学生谈恋爱已经是很普通的现象,健康、理性的恋爱能使大学生学会责任、关心、担当、分享,突破一己中心的思想,有助于大学生的成长和激发学业的完成。本文通过对当代大学生的现状和特点、存在的问题及成因分析,培养大学生树立正确的恋爱观。     

风险交流对大学生转基因食品认知和接受程度的影响——基于OLS和PSM方法的分析

通过OLS估计探究各因素对大学生转基因食品认知程度和接受程度的影响,并运用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）将个体特征相似的样本匹配,研究风险交流对大学生转基因食品认知和接受程度的影响。结果表明：对转基因进行风险交流的大学生比未进行风险交流的大学生对转基因食品的认知程度高15.4%。此外,生物知识学习情况对大学生转基因食品认知程度有显著正向影响,转基因食品认知程度对接受程度有显著正向影响。据此结果,本文提出应充分利用互联网信息技术创新风险交流模式、在大学期间设置相关课程普及转基因知识和持续进行风险交流等建议。     

大学生心理危机预防与干预体系的构建

大学生不仅要具备坚实的专业基础,还应该具备健康的人格,大学生的心理危机将严重影响到大学生未来的发展。大学生心理危机的形成有自身、家庭、学校、社会等多方面的原因。因此,应加强大学生心理素质培养,采取有效措施构建大学生心理危机预防与干预体系。     

利用研究性学习论文命制初中生物学学业考试试题

生物学研究性学习论文中,蕴含着自主学习、实验探究等实践新课程理念的精彩案例．既可作为初中科学学业考试的命题素材,也可改编为具有学业测试与评价功能的试题。论述如何利用相关杂志发表的论文命制初中生物学学业考试试题。     

常用人格测验在军校大一新生心理档案中的应用及结果分析

目的:通过总结与分析,研究适合军校新入校大学生心理档案建立的合理人格测验。方法:分别采用卡特尔十六种人格因素测验(16PF)、明尼苏达多项人格测验(MMPI)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)测量今年某军校大一新生98名,剔除无效后保留有效数据94例,根据结果筛选人员并做相关分析。结果:①16PF检测出3名问题人员,MMPI检测出18名,SCL-90检测出8名。②MMPI和SCL-90有较高的相关性,r<0.42,P<0.05,MMPI完全可以替代SCL-90③MMPI部分临床量表与16PF些许因素呈显著相关,可考虑将相关因素加入16PF评价标准里。结论:建立心理档案时,使用16PF作为初筛测验,MMPI作为复检测验,能够较完善地建立心理档案。     

The Relationships between Sleep-Wake Cycle and Academic Performance in Medical Students

Survey and laboratory studies suggest that several factors, such as social and academic demands, part-time jobs and irregular school schedules, affect the sleep-wake cycle of college students. In this study, we examined the sleep-wake pattern and the role played by academic schedules and individual characteristics on the sleep-wake cycle and academic performance. The subjects were 36 medical students (male = 21 and female = 15), mean age = 20.7 years, SD = 2.2. All students attended the same school schedule, from Monday to Friday. The volunteers answered a morningness-eveningness questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and kept a sleep-wake diary for two weeks. The relationships between sleep-wake cycle, PSQI, chronotypes and academic performance were analyzed by a multiple regression technique. The results showed that 38.9% of the students had a poor sleep quality according to the PSQI. When the medical students were evening type or moderate evening type the PSQI showed a tendency of poor sleep. The multiple regression analysis showed a correlation between sleep onset, sleep irregularity and sleep length with academic performance. These results suggest that chronotypes influence the quality of the sleep-wake cycle and that irregularity of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as sleep deprivation (average length was 6:52), influence the learning of college students.     

The Relationships between Sleep-Wake Cycle and Academic Performance in Medical Students

Survey and laboratory studies suggest that several factors, such as social and academic demands, part-time jobs and irregular school schedules, affect the sleep-wake cycle of college students. In this study, we examined the sleep-wake pattern and the role played by academic schedules and individual characteristics on the sleep-wake cycle and academic performance. The subjects were 36 medical students (male = 21 and female = 15), mean age = 20.7 years, SD = 2.2. All students attended the same school schedule, from Monday to Friday. The volunteers answered a morningness-eveningness questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and kept a sleep-wake diary for two weeks. The relationships between sleep-wake cycle, PSQI, chronotypes and academic performance were analyzed by a multiple regression technique. The results showed that 38.9% of the students had a poor sleep quality according to the PSQI. When the medical students were evening type or moderate evening type the PSQI showed a tendency of poor sleep. The multiple regression analysis showed a correlation between sleep onset, sleep irregularity and sleep length with academic performance. These results suggest that chronotypes influence the quality of the sleep-wake cycle and that irregularity of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as sleep deprivation (average length was 6:52), influence the learning of college students.     

Using Team-Based Learning to Teach Grade 7 Biology: Student satisfaction and improved performance

Team-based learning (TBL) is an innovative form of collaborative learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate TBL’s effect on the performance and satisfaction of grade 7 students in biology in a private school in Lebanon, as well as teachers’ willingness to implement this new methodology. An exploratory study was performed whereby two biology units were taught to two groups of students using either TBL (60 students) or traditional lecture-based instruction (30 students). Later, a summative test was administered to evaluate students’ performance. Students’ attitudes were evaluated using a questionnaire and teachers’ classroom observations. Finally, science teachers’ willingness to try TBL in their classes was assessed using a questionnaire (14 teachers). Results showed that underachievers taught according to TBL did better than underachievers taught with the lecture-based approach. The majority of students enjoyed TBL and found it useful and fun. Finally, science teachers agreed that TBL is a good alternative to the traditional lecture-based method.     

Prevalence of sleep disorders and their impact on academic performance in medical students/University of Duhok

Full-time students experiencing high levels of stress due to a high bulk of teaching materials and academic performance demands are the most susceptible population class for different types of sleep disorders. The current study examined the prevalence of sleep disorders and their impacts on academic performance of a random sample of medical college students. In this regard, a random sample of 316 medical students of a large public university in Iraq participated in a cross-sectional study. The participants completed the SLEEP-50 self-reported questionnaire and questions about socio-demographic factors. The variables set included sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleepwalking, nightmares, grade point average, and some socio-demographic characteristics. The study showed that to some extent, the students suffer from different types of sleep disorders with no substantial difference between males and females. Students with worse level of sleep disorders had a lower grade point average compared with those with normal sleep patterns (p = 0.001). The study confirmed that students with sleep disorders had poorer academic performance at college.

     

Morningness-eveningness preferences,learning approach and academic achievement of undergraduate medical students

ABSTRACT

Several studies have focused on determining the effect of chronotype and learning approach on academic achievement separately indicating that morning types have an academic advantage over the evening types and so have the deep learners over the surface learners. But, surprisingly none have assessed the possible relationship between chronotype and learning approach. So, the current study aimed to evaluate this association and their individual influence on academic performance as indicated by the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) as well as the effect of their interaction on academic performance. The study included 345 undergraduate medical students who responded to reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Biggs Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire. Morning types indulged in deep learning while evening types in surface learning. Morning and evening types did not differ on academic performance but deep learners had better academic outcomes than their counterparts. The interaction between chronotype and learning approach was significant on determining academic achievement. Our findings gave the impression that chronotype could have an impact on academic performance not directly but indirectly through learning approaches.     

Disordered sleep and its association with academic performance and functioning

Sleep and Biological Rhythms - Sleep disorders are prevalent among college students and are associated with poor academic performance. Few studies have included a clinical interview to...     

The associations between social-media use and academic performance among undergraduate students in biology

Recent studies have been conducted in regards to the use of social- media by students and how it can impact his/her academic performance. However, much of this research has been focused on how to use social-media websites in the classroom to facilitate student learning. Therefore, we aimed to address how the use of social-media can be either beneficial or detrimental to undergraduate students, with respect to their academic performance. We distributed a survey to 234 participants, all attending the same four-year university. Throughout the survey, the students self-reported their grade point average (GPA), study habits, and social-media use. We established that female students use social-media websites more often than their male peers, and using a Pearson’s correlation, we found that GPA negatively correlated with the number of social-media websites to which students subscribe (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that using more social-media websites correlated positively with the amount of time students spend using social-media platforms on a daily basis. Although previous studies indicate that social-media websites should be incorporated into the classroom, our results suggest that this addition may have negative effects on the study habits and academic performance of undergraduate students, particularly those within the field of biological sciences.     

Learning biology and geology through a participative teaching approach: the effect on student attitudes towards science and academic performance

ABSTRACT

The investigation has demonstrated that the science teaching strategy employed moderates the interest of students in learning the subject, along with academic achievement. In this article we used a mixed method design in a sample of secondary education students (n = 57) to examine the effect of the participative teaching approach in attitudes towards science and student academic performance in the Biology and Geology subject. We also analysed the influence of student learning styles in their academic performance. The statistical results show that the participative methodology has a positive effect on attitude towards student attitudes towards science and academic performance; this finding has been triangulated with class observations and the vision of the teacher participating in the experience. Furthermore, we identified different significances between boys and girls in pre-test academic performance, which disappeared post-test. Despite this, in both measurements the boys showed greater interest in and enjoyment of science learning than the girls. Finally, we are able to conclude that academic performance is positively related to attitude towards science and with reflexive and theoretical learning styles.     

Improving achievement through problem-based learning

In this study, the effect of problem-based learning on students' academic achievement and performance skills in a unit on he human excretory system was investigated. Sixty-one 10th grade students, from two full classes instructed by the same iology teacher, were involved in the study. Classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental or the control group and were pre- and post-tested to determine their academic achievement and performance skills before and after the treatment. The experimental group was taught with problem-based learning while the control group received traditionally-designed biology instruction. Results showed that although there was no pre-existing difference between two groups, students instructed with problem-based learning earned significantly higher scores than those instructed with traditionally-designed biology instruction — in terms of academic achievement and performance skills. Students in the experimental group appeared to be more proficient in the use and organisation of relevant information, in constructing knowledge and moving toward better conclusions.     

Assessment outcome is weakly correlated with lecture attendance: influence of learning style and use of alternative materials

The relation between lecture attendance and learning is surprisingly weak, and the role of learning styles in this is poorly understood. We hypothesized that 1) academic performance is related to lecture attendance and 2) learning style influences lecture attendance and, consequently, affects performance. We also speculated that the availability of alternative resources would affect this relationship. Second-year Bachelor of Science physiology students (n = 120) self-reported their lecture attendance in a block of 21 lectures (attendance not compulsory) and use of alternative resources. Overall self-reported lecture attendance was 73 ± 2%. Female students (n = 71) attended more lectures (16.4 ± 0.6) than male students (14.3 ± 0.08, n = 49) and achieved a higher composite mark in all assessments (73.6% vs. 69.3%, P < 0.02). Marks in the final exam were not statistically different between the sexes and correlated only weakly with lecture attendance (r = 0.29, n = 49, P < 0.04 for male students; r = 0.10, n = 71, P = not significant for female students; and r =0.21, n = 120, P < 0.02 for the whole class). Of the students who passed the exam, poor attenders (<11 lectures) reported significantly more use of lecture recordings (37 ± 8%, n = 15, vs. 10 ± 1%, n = 85, P < 0.001). In a VARK learning style assessment (where V is visual, A is auditory, R is reading/writing, and K is kinesthetic), students were multimodal, although female students had a slightly higher average percentage of the R learning style (preferred read/write) compared with male students (28.9 ± 0.9%, n = 63, vs. 25.3 ± 1.3%, n = 32, P < 0.03). Lecture attendance was not correlated with measured learning style. We concluded that lecture attendance is only weakly correlated with academic performance and is not related to learning style. The substitution of alternative materials for lecture attendance appears to have a greater role than learning style in determining academic outcomes.