树突细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对急性白血病细胞的体外杀伤作用

目的:研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)与同源树突状细胞(DC)共培养后CIK细胞的表型、增殖活性的变化,及抗急性白血病细胞活性.方法:正常人外周血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK细胞,将DC与CIK共培养,以CIK细胞单独培养为对照.用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法测定杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析免疫表型.结果:DC-CIK细胞增殖能力明显高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05); DC、CIK细胞共培养后,CD3+ CD8+、CD3+ CD56+双阳性细胞比率较同条件下CIK细胞组显著增多(P＜0.05);在2.5∶1-20∶1的效靶比范围内,DC-CIK共培养物对AML细胞的杀伤率显著高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05),且杀伤率与效靶比呈正相关.结论:DC-CIK细胞的增殖能力、对AML细胞的杀伤活性均高于CIK细胞,为DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗提供了实验和理论依据.     

免疫脂质体与人胃癌细胞的相互作用

我们把抗人胃癌细胞M85的单克隆抗体3Hll插入脂质体的脂双层做成免疫脂质体,研究了这些免疫脂质体与M85细胞的相互作用.结果表明,M85细胞对免疫脂质体的吸收与温育时间、温度密切相关.在37℃温育10小时,细胞吸收的免疫脂质体的量是在4℃时的7倍左右.37℃温育5小时,靶向脂质体结合在M85靶细胞上的量是非靶向脂质体的2倍多;与非靶细胞—人皮肤成纤维细胞Fb32的结合量只有与M85靶细胞结合量的1/6.游离单抗3Hll能够抑制靶向脂质体与靶细胞的结合,而专一性与3Hll抗体不同的单抗3G9则不能.NH_4Cl和NaN_3等内吞作用抑制剂使靶细胞吸收免疫脂质体的量分别减少58%和79%.与此同时,NH_4CI还能抑制包入脂质体的ADM,而不能抑制游离ADM的细胞毒作用.因此我们的结论是,3Hll免疫脂质体能够与靶细胞专一地结合,并把所荷载的物质主要经内吞作用输送到细胞内,杀伤靶细胞.用荧光显微镜对与荧光免疫脂质体温育的M85细胞进行的形态观察也支持上述结论.     

靶向树突状细胞表面分子DEC-205的长循环免疫脂质体稳定性影响因素的数学模型

在多相分散体系的动力稳定性理论基础上,设计了以DEC-205单抗为导向、以脂质体为载体、DCs为靶点的免疫策略,将包裹药物的脂质体特异性地靶向树突状细胞（DCs）．对影响DEC-205的免疫脂质体稳定性的各种因素如粒径分布等进行考察分析,对条件进行优化,构建了经DEC-205单抗靶向DCs的免疫脂质体模型．模型的成功构建为进一步研究抗原靶向DEC-205受体后的体内免疫应答情况提供了工作基础,有望开发一种新型DCs疫苗应用于临床．     

金鱼表皮的带突起细胞的扫描电镜观察

本文对60只金鱼的皮肤进行了扫描电镜研究。除观察了带有突起的诸种细胞外,尚在雄性金鱼的头盖部皮肤发现一种从未报道过的新型细胞突起,呈指状,约40×20μm。其形态大小与性结节完全不同。经喂食11-酮睾丸酮后,该突起增至近乎原来的两倍。其机能是否与性机能有关尚待进一步探讨。     

生长抑素对白血病细胞增殖影响的免疫组织化学研究

目的　研究生长抑素 (somatostatin ,SS)对人红白血病K5 6 2细胞和白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞 (BMM NC)增殖的影响。方法　将 8肽生长抑素 (奥曲肽 ,octreotide ,SMS)在体外作用于K5 6 2细胞和BMMNC ;用原位末端标记 (TUNEL)技术、免疫组织化学方法在光镜下随机计数阳性细胞数 ,并用图象分析系统分析bcl 2蛋白和CD34 抗原表达的光密度值 (OD值 )。结果　与对照组比较 ,用SMS 10 -6mol/L处理的K5 6 2细胞组TUNEL检测凋亡细胞明显增多(P <0 0 1)。在加SMS 10 -8mol/L～ 10 -6mol/L处理的白血病患者BMMNC组 ,bcl 2蛋白的表达与未加SMS组比较 ,阳性细胞数明显减少 (P <0 0 1) ;OD值P <0 0 1。CD34 抗原表达在SMS10 -6mol/L和 10 -7mol/L处理的白血病患者BMMNC组 ,阳性细胞数比与未处理组明显减少 (P <0 0 1) ;OD值明显低于对照组 ,分别为P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5。结论　SMS可抑制K5 6 2细胞和白血病患者BMMNC增殖 ,诱导凋亡 ;减少bcl 2蛋白和CD34 抗原的表达 ;SMS对白血病细胞具有抑制增殖的作用。     

掺入胆固醇和阴离子磷脂对阿霉素免疫脂质体性能的影响

本文研究了胆固醇和阴离子磷脂的掺入对阿霉素—磷脂酰乙醇胺免疫脂质体包裹效力及其在PBS缓俄冲液和在50%血清中的稳定性的影响,并对这种影响可能的机理进行了讨论.阴离子磷脂PG和DPG的掺入使ADM免疫脂质体包裹ADM的效力大大增加,使ADM与PE的克分子比从(0.08—0.8)%增加到75%,其中DPG比PG更有效.掺入胆固醇可以明显提高ADM脂质体在缓冲液和在血清中的稳定性,但使脂质体包裹ADM的效力下降.通过脂质的选择和制备条件的摸索,我们成功地用超声法制备了包裹抗癌药(ADM),表面带有抗人胃癌细胞M85单克隆抗体3HII的小单层脂质体(SUV),其起脂质份是PE:PG:Chol:ADM(4:2:2:1),脂质体内的ADM与PE的克分子比为17—25%.经电镜观察,脂质体直径在60—80nm范围内,大以比较均一.这种脂质体在PBS缓冲液中于室温下保存12天,仍然能够保持其包裹药的70%;在50%的血清中,37℃1小时,能够保持其包裹药的80%.     

靶向树突状细胞表面分子DEC-205长循环免疫脂质体稳定性模型的构建及其生物学特性

应用多相分散体系的动力稳定性和聚结稳定性理论,以薄膜分散法构建了靶向树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DCs）表面分子DEC-205长循环免疫脂质体（anti—DEC-205 iLPSM）的稳定性模型,并对其物理稳定性、生物学特性等进行了考察。结果表明经优化后的脂质体4℃贮存7d后粒径分布变化较小;FTTC-dextran累积泄漏率小于7％;耦联抗DEC-205的免疫脂质体（anti—DEC-205 iLPSM）可特异性地识别DCs,并作为良好载体将FITC-dextran带入DCs浆内。anti—DEC-205 iLPSM模型的构建为进一步研究抗原靶向DEC-205受体后的体内免疫应答情况提供了工作基础,有望开发一种新型DCs疫苗应用于临床。     

Correlative 3D imaging of whole mammalian cells with light and electron microscopy

We report methodological advances that extend the current capabilities of ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy (IA-SEM), also known as focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, a newly emerging technology for high resolution imaging of large biological specimens in 3D. We establish protocols that enable the routine generation of 3D image stacks of entire plastic-embedded mammalian cells by IA-SEM at resolutions of ∼10–20 nm at high contrast and with minimal artifacts from the focused ion beam. We build on these advances by describing a detailed approach for carrying out correlative live confocal microscopy and IA-SEM on the same cells. Finally, we demonstrate that by combining correlative imaging with newly developed tools for automated image processing, small 100 nm-sized entities such as HIV-1 or gold beads can be localized in SEM image stacks of whole mammalian cells. We anticipate that these methods will add to the arsenal of tools available for investigating mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions, and more generally, the 3D subcellular architecture of mammalian cells and tissues.     

Morphology and ultrastructure of isolated gemmae of Drosera pygmaea and their in vitro germination

Gemma morphology, histology and ultrastructure before and after germination in vitro were studied in Drosera pygmaea. The histology of the gemma is similar to that of a seed, being characterized by an embryo-like structure and storage tissue, although no seed coat is formed. One embryo-like structure within the gemma, which gives origin to a new plant, expresses polar organisation with distinct meristematic regions. Storage tissue surrounding the embryo-like structure resembles endosperm and it is built of parenchyma cells possessing plastids with starch grains and dense material within vacuoles. The regeneration from the gemma may provide useful system to study plant morphogenesis under stress conditions including in vitro culture. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Extracelluar matrix induces formation of organoids and changes in cell surface morphology in cultured human breast carcinoma cells PMC42-LA

In the lactating breast, the development of secretory alveoli consisting of differentiated cells arranged around a central lumen is dependent on signals from the extracellular environment of the cells. There are few cell lines that model this process. We previously showed that the human breast carcinoma line PMC42-LA can be induced to form organoids, reminiscent of secretory alveoli found in the lactating human breast. In this report, we used high-resolution scanning electron microscopy to show that the formation of organoids is accompanied by development of cell surface microvilli. Extracellular matrix-induced formation of microvilli occurred on the internal and external surfaces of cells in the organoids and not on surfaces in contact with the extracellular matrix. Organoid formation of PMC42-LA cells induced a rearrangement of the extracellular matrix, seen in the form of radiating fibers from the organoids. In summary, there is an interaction between PMC42-LA cells and the underlying extracellular matrix, which leads to the formation of polarized cells with well-developed microvilli. This is accompanied by organization of the extracellular matrix. PMC42-LA is a relevant model of the human breast for investigations into cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.     

Field emission scanning electron microscopy of plant cells

Summary Two basic specimen preparation protocols that allow field emission scanning electron microscope imaging of intracellular structures in a wide range of plants are described. Both protocols depend on freeze fracturing to reveal areas of interest and selective removal of cytosol. Removal of cytosol was achieved either by macerating fixed tissues in a dilute solution of osmium tetroxide after freeze fracturing or by permeabilizing the membranes in saponin before fixation and subsequent freeze fracturing. Images of a variety of intracellular structures including all the main organelles as well as cytoskeletal components are presented. The permeabilization protocol can be combined with immunogold labelling to identify specific components such as microtubules. High-resolution three-dimensional imaging was combined with immunogold labelling of microtubules and actin cables in cell-free systems. This approach should be especially valuable for the study of dynamic cellular processes (such as cytoplasmic streaming) in live cells when used in conjunction with modern fluorescence microscopical techniques.Abbreviations DMSO dimethylsulfoxide - FESEM field emission scanning electron microscope (-scopy) - MTSB microtubule-stabilizing buffer - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - SEM scanning electron microscope (-scopy) - TEM transmission electron microscope (-scopy)     

Role of physiologic autoantibody in the removal of senescent human red cells

The mechanism by which mononuclear phagocytes distinguish mature “self” from senescent “self” was investigated. Evidence is presented indicating that human mononuclear phagocytes distinguish senescent RBC from mature RBC on the basis of selective Ig attachment to the membranes of senescent cells. This Ig, eluted from senescent human RBC, was shown to be IgG and free of other Igs by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The IgG was polyclonal with respect to light chains. The eluted IgG reattaches to homologous stored RBC, but not to mature autologous or allogeneic RBC, via the Fab region. It then initiates phagocytosis of these stored RBC by mononuclear phagocytes. Evidence suggests that the IgG is directed against altered membrane receptors. Thus, this IgG may be a “physiologic” autoantibody and contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis by performing regulatory functions.     

不同温度下黄曲霉菌菌丝超微形态的比较研究

为探究黄曲霉菌的毒素合成是否影响菌丝超微形态,本研究结合扫描和透射电镜技术比较观察产毒(28℃和30℃)和不产毒(37℃和40℃)温度下培养的不同发育阶段的黄曲霉菌菌丝形态和超微结构.扫描电镜结果显示:28℃下,在24h和44h菌丝体表面有丝状粘性分泌物附着,48-72h之间菌丝体逐渐出现皱缩、塌陷和扭曲现象,而37℃...     

Effects of millimeter-wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Both thermal and athermal effects of millimeter-wave radiation on BHK-21/C13 cells were sought using scanning and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with an in vitro technique that allows direct exposure of monolayer cultures to high average power densities. Culture dishes were irradiated by placing them on the open end of an E- or U-band wave guide. This technique exposes different regions of the cell monolayer lying along the longer axis of the wave guide aperture to varying power densities ranging from zero at each edge to twice the average power density at the center. Cell ultrastructure was unaffected by microwave radiation for 1 hour (41.8 or 74.0 GHz, average power densitites = 320 or 450 mW/cm², respectively) with or without cooling by rapid recirculation of the culture medium. Temperature in recirculated cultures was held at 37.2 °C, and that in noncooled cultures never exceeded 42 °C during irradiation at either power density. In contrast, cell morphology was affected by microwave exposure whenever irradiation conditions were altered so that the temperature of the monolayer reached or exceeded 44.5 °C. Ultrastructural alterations included breakage of cell processes, progressive detachment of cells from the substrate, increased clumping of heterochromatin in the nuclei, and the appearance of large empty vesicles in the cytoplasm. Such morphological changes resulted from either application of higher average power densities or irradiation at the power densities described above at a higher ambient temperature (>38.5°C).     

贡嘎蝠蛾卵的扫描电镜和生物学观察

贡嘎蝠蛾卵呈椭圆形,在扫描电镜下卵壳表面分为一般卵壳区和受精孔区：一般卵壳区密布颗粒状突起;受精孔区位于卵端部,呈不规则梨形垫状,精孔开口于突起内侧凹陷上部。贡嘎蝠蛾在6月下旬—7月产卵,散产。在平均温度8－10℃、相对湿度80％－90％,卵的发育历期为50天左右,孵化率75％以上。卵常遭受霉菌和寄生蜂天敌危害。