共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
鼎湖山针阔叶混交林生态系统水文效应研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
对鼎湖山针阔叶混交林水文效应的研究表明2002年8月-2003年7月,大气总降水量为1 690mm,林内净降水量为1212.7 mm,占总降水量的72%,其中穿透雨量和茎流量分别为1 125.3和87.4 mm,占总降水量的.66.6%和5.2%.林冠截留量为477.3 mm,截留率28.2%.地表径流量62.1 mm,占总降水量的3.7%.在一定的降水量范围内,林冠对降水的截留量随着降水量的增加而增加,不同的雨量级,林冠截留量变化的趋势曲线不同,且一次截留降水量饱和值约为25 mm;穿透雨量、茎流量均随着林外大气降水量的增加呈线性增加;当日大气降水量在0-30 mm时,地表径流量很小,且呈线性递增;当日大气降水量>30 mm时,地表径流量随降水量增加以对数递增.与马尾松纯林和季风常绿阔叶林相比,针阔叶混交林在减少地表径流和保持水土等方面具有更好的水文生态效应. 相似文献
2.
本文应用“树木收获法”和“气体分析法”,结合凋落物收集数据,综合测定了鼎湖山针阔叶混交林中的各种群第一性生产力以及群落的光。进一步综合分析表明,该群落的叶面积指数为11;生物量为261t·hm ̄(-2);总生产力约为117.6t·hm ̄(-2)·a ̄(-1),光能利用效率为12%;第一性生产力为20.9t·hm ̄(-2)·a ̄(-1)。由于该群落是南亚热带演替系列中间阶段的代表性类型,因而本研究结果有助于了解本地带植被动态过程生产力发展规律和对能量的利用状况。 相似文献
3.
鼎湖山针阔叶混交林小气候调节效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
森林小气候监测对于评价森林对全球气候变化的响应与反馈有重要意义。选取2010年鼎湖山针阔叶混交林通量塔林内气象资料及其附近气象站空旷地同时段内气象资料,对两站点的气温、湿度、地温等小气候因子的日变化及月变化进行分析和对比。结果表明:(1)混交林年均气温、大气相对湿度和地表温度分别为19.8℃、86.5%、20℃,空旷地分别为22.1℃、79.1%、24℃。混交林内年均气温与地温分别比空旷地低2.3℃、4℃,年均相对湿度比空旷地高7.4%,土壤各层湿度明显高于空旷地,表现出良好的降温、增湿、涵养水源的小气候效应。(2)二者气温、大气湿度、土壤温度的差值均为白天大于晚上,在10:00—17:00差异明显,表明针阔叶混交林的降温和增湿作用白天大于夜晚。气温和土壤温度差值在湿季大于干季,而相对湿度差值在干季大于湿季,表明针阔叶混交林的降温作用湿季大于干季,增湿作用干季大于湿季。这种小气候调节作用是由南亚热带特殊的气候条件及植被类型决定的。 相似文献
4.
5.
采用样地调查法对广西元宝山中山针阔叶混交林的种类组成、分布区类型、生活型谱和叶片特征等进行了调查和分析.结果表明:该针阔叶混交林种类组成较丰富、物种多样性程度较高,共有维管植物96科201属379种,其中,蕨类植物19科26属33种,种子植物77科175属346种.在种子植物中,单种科和少种科(2~5种)所占比例较大(41.6%和32.5%),蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、冬青科(Aquifoliaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、山矾科(Symplocaceae)和百合科(Liliaceae)种类较多,并含有较多起源古老的残遗植物.该针阔叶混交林的种子植物属共有12个分布区类型, 其中, 中国特有分布属 4属,分别是长苞铁杉属(Nothotsuga Hu ex Page)、棱果花属(Barthea Hook. f. )、匙叶草属(Latouchea Franch. )和马铃苣苔属(Oreocharis Benth. );热带分布型属和温带分布型属占绝对优势(53.6%和44.0%),且热带成分所占比例略高于温带成分,表明该群落植物区系表现为明显的亚热带山地性质.群落中以高位芽植物为主(60.4%),藤本植物和地面芽植物也占有较高比例(12.1%和11.1%).群落的叶级以小型叶为主(55.4%),叶片特征以单叶(85.8%)、革质叶(52.6%)和全缘叶(61.2%)为主.此外,在群落的乔木层上层,针叶树种、落叶阔叶树种和常绿阔叶树种的比例分别为23.1%、34.6%和42.3%,表明该群落的中山针阔叶混交林特点十分明显. 相似文献
6.
用离子交换树脂袋法测定了鼎湖山生物圈保护区马尾松针阔叶混交林土壤有效氮变化情况。鼎湖山马尾松针阔叶混交林土壤各季节平均总有效氮(铵态氮+硝态氮)在18.87~93.20μg/d*g干树脂之间,且具有明显的季节性变化特点。然而,这些季节性变化根据土层和有效氮组分的不同而异。总有效氮主要由铵态氮组成(>90%)。总有效氮和铵态氮在土层0~10cm和10~20cm之间各个季节均无显著的差异,但硝态氮在春、夏两季差异较大,尤其在夏季两土层之间的差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。在本研究样地中,硝化速率受铵态氮供应的影响不甚明显。与同一地区的马尾松纯林和阔叶混交林比较,硝态氮为针叶纯林<针阔叶混交林<阔叶混交林;铵态氮则为针阔叶混交林〉针叶纯林>阔叶混交林。 相似文献
7.
鼎湖山针阔叶混交林水文学过程中总有机碳动态 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
2002年7月~2003年7月对鼎湖山针阔叶混交林生态系统水文学过程中总有机碳(TOC)总量和浓度进行了初步研究.结果表明,观测期间,林外大气降水输入的TOC总量为41.80kg·hm-2·yr-1,地表径流和地下水(50 cm土壤渗透水)输出分别为17.54和1.80kg·hm-2·yr-1,输入输出之差为22.4kg·hm-2·yr-1,系统TOC为正平衡.各类型水中TOC总量月动态基本上与大气降水月动态变化趋势一致.大气降水的TOC平均浓度为3.4 mg·L-1.经过森林林冠淋洗和树干淋溶后,穿透雨和树干流中TOC的平均浓度分别比大气降水中TOC浓度增加了.10倍和7.39倍.地表径流、25 cm和50 cm土壤渗透水中TOC平均浓度分别为12.72、7.905和3.0 mg·L-1.穿透雨和树干流中TOC浓度的月变化相似,生长季初(3月),TOC浓度开始增加,9月后逐渐下降,12月又有所回升.降水量较大的月份地表径流中TOC浓度较高.25 cm和50 cm土壤渗透水中TOC浓度无明显的月变化规律.不同树种树干流中TOC浓度差异很大.大气降水、穿透雨、25 cm和50 cm土壤水中TOC浓度随降水量的增加而规律性递减,树干流和地表径流中TOC浓度与大气降水量之间无明显相关关系;除树干流和土壤水外,水文过程各分量水中TOC浓度随着大气降水强度的变化呈现规律性波动. 相似文献
8.
20 0 1年 5月和 10月在自然保护区鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林和针阔叶混交林的灌木层和草本 -苗木层对节肢动物多样性进行了调查。结果表明 ,5月份的灌木层 ,季风常绿阔叶林的节肢动物物种数和个体数 >针阔叶混交林 ,相反 ,在草本 -苗木层 ,针阔叶混交林的物种数和个体数 >季风常绿阔叶林。 10月份 ,针阔叶混交林节肢动物物种数和个体数与季风常绿阔叶林间无明显差异。两林分中 ,天敌占总物种数的 2 7.5 0 %~ 87.5 0 % ,蜘蛛类群占总物种数的 18.18%~ 6 6 .6 7%、占天敌物种数的 5 3.33%~ 90 .91%。除 5月份的草本 -苗木层外 ,节肢动物的丰富度指数、多样性指数均是季风常绿阔叶林 >针阔叶混交林 ,优势集中性指数则是针阔叶混交林 >季风常绿阔叶林。 相似文献
9.
针阔叶混交林是我国南亚热带针叶林向地带性常绿阔叶林演替的中间林分类型,为我国南亚地区主要森林类型,发挥着重要的生态系统服务功能。基于树干液流技术和对臭氧浓度的连续监测,评价该森林类型的臭氧吸收特征和能力有着重要的环境生态学意义。对鼎湖山天然针阔叶混交林优势种马尾松(Pinus manssoniana)、锥栗(Castanopsis chinensis)、木荷(Schima superba)和华润楠(Machilus chinensis)在自然环境条件下的臭氧吸收能力进行了分析研究。结果表明:在日尺度上,4个优势树种的冠层气孔对臭氧导度(GO_3)和臭氧吸收通量(FO_3)均呈单峰型曲线,其最大值的时间在干季(10月至竖年3月)比湿季(4月至9月)滞后;季节尺度上,臭氧浓度在湿季达到最大值48.94 n L/L,湿季GO_3、FO_3和年臭氧吸收累积量(accumulative stomatal O_3flux,AFst)均显著高于干季(P 0.01),华润楠的臭氧吸收能力最强,在干季和湿季可分别达1.11 nmol m~(-2)s~(-1)和1.71nmol m~(-2)s~(-1)。随着水汽压亏缺(VPD)增大,优势种GO_3降低。光合有效辐射(PAR)超过1500 umol m~(-2)s~(-1)时,优势树种GO_3和FO_3呈下降趋势。针阔叶混交林的年臭氧吸收累积量超过了保护森林树木所采用的临界阈值,可认为鼎湖山针阔叶混交林受臭氧危害的潜在风险较高。 相似文献
10.
11.
《植物学报(英文版)》1992,34(5)
This paper deals with history of the mixed conifer and hardwood forest in Northeast China. Dated pollen records published so far indicated that forests of this kind were distributed in north and east parts of Changbai Mountain above 900m a.s.l, during the warm period of Holocene, ca. I0,000 to 5,000–4,000 B. P.. During the same period the lower altitude of the region was covered with hardwood forest. From about 5,000 B.P., in accordance with general climatic cooling, pine (mainly Pinus koraiensis) began to migrate to the low altitude and to form the mixed forest with hardwood elements. Pine population at that time was larger than it is now and reduced sharply in the last 2–3 hundred years as a result of human activities. 相似文献
12.
Eight years (1994–2001) of field data and a biogeochemical process model, BIOME-BGC, were used to examine effects of local topography and inter-annual climatic variability on soil physical (i.e., soil moisture and temperature) and biogeochemical (i.e., organic matter content, soil respiration, and leaf litter production) variables in a temperate hardwood forest in Korea. The field data were collected from adjacent south-facing (S) and north-facing (N) slopes, respectively, to examine effects of local topography, and were utilized to validate predictability according to BIOME-BGC which was applied to model unmeasured hydro-ecological processes [i.e., evapotranspiration, net primary production (NPP), and net ecosystem exchange of carbon]. Our field-data analyses indicated that soil-related variables including soil temperature, water content, organic matter, soil respiration, and floor leaf litter store significantly differed between the S and N slopes, while leaf litter production did not differ as significantly as the soil-related variables. The BIOME-BGC predictions showed good agreement with the mean field data aggregated across the slopes. Our simulation results and field observations indicated that the inter-annual variations of leaf litter production and maximum leaf area index were best explained by precipitation, both at a 1-year lag, while variation in annual NPP was well correlated with precipitation without a temporal lag. Our results imply that: (1) local topography needs to be explicitly considered in ecosystem studies as a forcing function generating spatial heterogeneity in soil physical and biogeochemical variables within a rugged landscape, and (2) water limits vegetation productivity in our study forest, in spite of a relatively high annual precipitation rate (1,579 mm year–1). 相似文献
13.
黄土高原南缘最近10万年来的植被 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
通过陕西渭南剖面的花粉研究,阐明了近10万年以来黄土高原南缘植被的演化历史.10万年以来,该地区主要以草甸草原及草原植被为主,两者交替出现反映了温暖半湿润及寒冷干燥的气候旋回.这几个旋回可大致与氧同位素5 期末以来各期进行对比.森林植被仅在某些相对短暂的时段出现,如榆树(Ulm us)林约95.1~90.7 ka BP(9.50~9.32 m );榛树(Corylus)林约25.1~21.1 ka BP (4.00~3.48m );铁杉(Tsuga)林约13.7~11.8 ka BP(2.20~1.80 m ).根据植被区划, 现代黄土高原南部的植被归于暖温带落叶阔叶林区.现代这里塬面缺少森林植被被认为是人类活动的结果.从渭南剖面及其它一些剖面花粉资料看,10万年中不可能存在足以对植被产生巨大影响的人为因素.因而可以认为,现在黄土高原塬面上草原植被是原生的,无林的原因可能要从其它方面寻找,如水土流失等 相似文献
14.
The paper deals with the vegetation history of the southern Loess Plateau, central China, for the last 100 ka based on palynological records from Weinan section. The pollen diagram of the loess-paleosol sequence at Weinan, southern part of the Plateau (109~30rE, 34°24′N), displays a predominence of arid shrubs or herbs (Arternisia, Chenopodiaceae) alternating with the abundance of mesic herbs (Cyperaceae, Ranuculaceae, Liliaceae etc. ) indicating a succession of steppe and meadow-steppe in turn during the last 100 ka BP. Forest vegetation developed only in some comparatively short time intervals e. g. Ulmus forest at ca. 95.1~90.0 ka BP (9. 50~9.32 m); Corylus woodland at ca. 25.0~21.1 ka BP (4.00~3.48 m) and Tsuga stand at ca. 13.7~11.8 ka BP (2.20~1.80 m). So far plant ecologists assinged the southern Loess Plateau to temperate broadleaf deciduous forest zone. Actually there are no forests on. the Plateau surfaces today. The lack of forest from the Plateau surface today is explained as being due to human interferences by plant ecologists. However, in the context of the last 100 ka BP it seems that there has been some nonhuman factors responsible for the treelessness of the Plateau, such as the free-draining nature of loess, which deserves greater consideration. 相似文献
15.
16.
为探究针阔混交林群落的空间分布特性、种间关系及演替规律,该研究通过点格局分析方法中的Ripley’L函数对山西太岳山南部1 hm~2针阔混交林中主要乔木种群的空间分布格局及空间关联性进行了研究。结果表明:样地内共调查木本植物41科71属76种,以蔷薇科、毛茛科、唇形科、豆科、菊科、百合科为主,科的分布区类型主要以世界广布为主,属的分区类型以北温带为主;辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)、槲树(Quercus dentata)、油松(Pinus tabuliformis)和山杨(Populus davidiana)是该群落的主要树种,样地内的林木总径级结构与主要乔木种群的径级结构相似,呈近似正态分布。辽东栎和槲树的空间分布相似,随尺度增大种群的聚集性减弱并逐渐表现出随机分布的格局特征;油松和山杨在一定尺度范围内呈现聚集分布;主要树种均在一定尺度上表现为两两正相关,且槲树与油松、山杨在整个尺度内都表现为显著正相关。山西太岳山南部针阔混交林中各个乔木种群处于相对稳定的状态。 相似文献
17.
Laura I. Kooistra 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2008,17(1):113-125
Botanical investigation of archaeological sites situated in the northwest of the region bounded by the rivers Maas, Scheldt
and Demer (‘MSD region’), west of the city of Breda, has provided a great deal of evidence about the landscape and its use
in the period between 2000 b.c. and a.d. 1500. From pollen analysis, it appears that this cover-sand area gradually lost its woodlands through human activity after
the beginning of the Bronze Age (ca. 2000 b.c.). Patches of woodland did survive there, however, until the early Middle Ages. In contrast to the cover-sand area in the
vicinity of ’s-Hertogenbosch and Oss-Ussen in the northeast of the MSD region, the first large heathlands in the Breda area
did not evolve until the early Middle Ages. In late prehistory, land use in this area was not much different from that in
the micro-region of ’s-Hertogenbosch and Oss-Ussen. In the Bronze Age, Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare (hulled six-row barley) and Triticum dicoccon (emmer wheat) were grown. During the Iron Age, Panicum miliaceum (common millet) and T. spelta (spelt wheat) were introduced, but these crops disappeared during the Roman period. The Roman period is remarkable because
of the lack of any Mediterranean culinary herbs or exotic fruits. Only pollen of Juglans regia (walnut), found around the transition from the Roman period to the early Middle Ages, indicates the introduction of an exotic
tree into the region. From the early Middle Ages onwards, Secale cereale (rye) was the most important cereal, which was grown as a winter crop. In the course of the Middle Ages, arable weeds of
the Sclerantho annui-Arnoseridetum plant community appeared, which is associated with the continuous growing of rye. 相似文献
18.
长白山次生针阔混交林叶凋落物中有机物分解与碳、氮和磷释放的关系 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
采用分解袋法,研究了长白山次生针阔混交林内9种树种叶凋落物34个月的分解过程.结果表明:在次生针阔混交林中,不同树种叶凋落物的初始N和P浓度存在很大差异,叶凋落物分解速率(k)与初始N浓度和C/N显著相关.有机物剩余百分率与C剩余百分率呈显著的线性正相关关系,与N和P剩余百分率之间呈显著的二项式回归关系. N和P剩余百分率在初期阶段随有机物分解而增加,达到峰值后逐渐降低. 随着有机物剩余百分率的下降,C/N和C/P均呈逐渐降低趋势,各种叶凋落物之间C/N和C/P的差异逐渐减小,分解末期分别趋近于23和350. 随有机物剩余百分率的降低, N/P变化不明显,当有机物剩余百分率低于25%时,不同树种叶凋落物之间N/P差异显著下降. 有机物剩余百分率可用来预测C、N和P的剩余百分率. 相似文献
19.
20.
东北地区植被多样性的研究Ⅰ.寒温带针叶林区域垂直植被多样性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用Renyi及Hill多样性指数簇相结合的方法 ,对中国寒温带针叶林区域垂直植被的区系多样性、生活型多样性及叶级多样性进行了分析 ,将亚高山矮曲林带 (Ⅰ )、寒温性针叶疏林带 (Ⅱ )、山地上部寒温性针叶林亚带 (Ⅲ1 )、山地中部寒温性针叶林亚带 (Ⅲ2 )和山地下部寒温性针叶林亚带 (Ⅲ3) ,划分为生物多样性的特殊性植被带 (Ⅰ )、过渡性植被带 (Ⅱ )及生物多样性的交汇性植被亚带 (Ⅲ1 )、稀疏性植被亚带 (Ⅲ2 )和富集性植被亚带 (Ⅲ1 ) .对Ⅰ、Ⅱ带及Ⅲ1 亚带的植被宜采取保护性经营对策 ,对Ⅲ2 、Ⅲ3亚带 ,采取恢复和提高其生物多样性 ,促进植被进展演替的经营对策 . 相似文献

