急性心肌梗死患者冠脉介入治疗后血浆apelin的变化及作用

目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者围手术期血浆apelin的表达变化,分析AMI合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血浆apelin的表达与预后的相关性,探讨apelin在冠脉介入治疗（PCI）中的心脏保护作用。方法：72例于2012年2月-8月在我院心内科接受冠状动脉造影确诊为AMI并成功完成PCI的冠心病患者,分别在术前、术后0小时、术后4小时、术后24小时收集血清,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆apelin-13水平;进一步对糖尿病及非糖尿病AMI患者（每组各20例）进行亚组分析,随访两组患者在术后6个月时主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE）。结果：AMI患者术后0h组apelin水平与术前基线水平明显降低（31．54±5．48VS35．15±6．48ng／L,P〈0．05）;术后4小时及24小时组apelin水平较术前明显升高（39．65±5．48VS35．15±6．48ng／L,43．93±5．37VS35．15±6．48ng／L,P〈0．05）。糖尿病与非糖尿病组apelin水平术前无明显差异;糖尿病组在术后各时间点的apelin水平均明显高于非糖尿病组（31．12±5．50VS29．21±6．53ng／L,40．57＋5．37VS33．49±3．89ng／L,43．50±7．41VS34．54±3．52ng／L,P〈0．05）。两组术后6个月随访T2DM组LVEF值改善明显高于NT2DM组,但MACCE事件无明显差异。结论：AMI患者PCI术后存在血浆apelin表达的升高,其中糖尿病患者在术后血浆apelin表达较非糖尿病患者明显增高,提示PCI冠脉血运重建可促进糖尿病患者apelin分泌,调节胰岛素抵抗改善预后。     

Irisin 水平与急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后无复流的研究

目的：探讨血清Irisin 水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者PCI术后无复流的预测价值。方法：连续收集西京医院心内科因AMI 行急诊PCI治疗的169 例患者的临床及冠脉影像学资料。根据TIMI血流分级,将病人分为两组,正常血流组和无复流组;采用酶 联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测患者血清中Irisin 水平,根据Irisin 水平分为低Irisin 组和高Irisin 组,分析Irisin 与无复流发生的关 系。结果：①169例患者发生无复流40 例,无复流发生率为23.6%（40/169）;②无复流组与正常血流组相比,血清Irisin 水平显著降 低（4766± 1725 ng/mLvs 8125± 2904 ng/mL,P<0.05）;③急性心梗发生后,血浆Irisin 水平逐渐升高,3 小时内组Irisin 水平显著低 于24 小时后组（4050± 1739 ng/mL vs8358± 3042 ng/mL,P<0.05）,且3 小时内组无复流显著高于24 小时后组（71.42%vs 12.9%, P<0.05）;④低Irisin 组中无复流的发生率显著高于高Irisin 组（58.1% vs 11.9%,P<0.05）;⑤多元Logistic 回归显示Irisin 是急诊 PCI术后无复流发生的保护因素(OR:0.861,95%CI:0.793-0.909,P<0.05)。结论：低水平的血清Irisin 能有效预测急性心肌梗死患者 PCI术后无复流的发生,且Irisin 能明显改善PCI术后无复流。     

维生素D对高脂诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠海马神经元损伤的影响

目的:观察活性维生素D3腹腔注射对2型糖尿病大鼠海马神经元的影响。方法:SD大鼠30只,随机分为空白对照组(Control),高脂组(HF),高脂+VD组(HF+VD),糖尿病组(DM),糖尿病+VD组(DM+VD)。测定大鼠空腹血糖、胰岛素、维生素D等生化指标,应用透射电镜观察海马神经元结构变化。结果:与对照组相比,HF组、HF+VD组大鼠体重增加,(分别为343.28±10.41 g;356.81±36.20 g和360.18±25.56g),DM组体重降低(265.6±16.11 g)(P0.05);DM组SDF-1为398.33±15.01 ng/L,低于Control组(457.53±26.56 ng/L),骨化三醇干预后SDF-1显著升高(448.54±36.83 ng/L)(P0.05);DM组(25-OH-D)水平为165.25±30.75μg/L,低于Control组213.65±30.79μg/L,补充骨化三醇后显著提高至210.31±50.69μg/L(P0.05);DM组海马神经元CXCR4表达降低,线粒体可见明显肿胀,DM+VD组线粒体形态明显改善,海马神经元CXCR4表达水平明显升高。结论:常规量补充维生素D可提高糖尿病大鼠体内维生素D水平,对海马神经元有明显保护作用。     

血清白细胞介素-18、氧化低密度脂蛋白与急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后支架内再狭窄的关系

目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)与急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后支架内再狭窄的关系。方法:75例急性心梗急诊介入术后8～12个月内接受冠状动脉造影复查,其中9例有再狭窄作为再狭窄组,66例无再狭窄作为对照组。2组术后均接受阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、他汀类等药物治疗。取2组患者PCI术前、术后冠状动脉造影复查时血清标本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(EL ISA)检测血清IL-18、ox-LDL水平。结果:①再狭窄组PCI术后IL-18、ox-LDL水平较术前均明显升高[(2.37±0.22):(0.85±0.19)mg/L、(6.99±0.98):(2.38±1.06)mg/L],均P<0.01;对照组PCI后IL-18、ox-LDL水平较术前明显下降[(0.48±0.11):(1.23±0.09)mg/L、(1.39±0.54):(4.45±0.87)mg/L],P<0.05。②再狭窄组和对照组PCI术前IL-18、ox-LDL水平差异无统计学意义,再狭窄组PCI术后IL-18、ox-LDL水平显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。④再狭窄组和对照组术前、术后IL-18和o...     

川穹嗪对胸部肿瘤患者TGF-β1水平的影响及放疗性肺损伤的预防作用

目的:探讨川穹嗪注射液对血浆TGF-β1水平的影响及对放射性肺损伤的预防作用。方法:随机选取120例胸部肿瘤放疗患者分为观察组与对照组,所有研究对象给予三维适形放射治疗,观察组在放疗期间川芎嗪注射液每日静脉滴注1次;检测两组放疗前后血浆TGF-β1含量变化、放射性肺损伤及肺功能情况。结果:放疗后两组血浆TGF-β1均上升,观察组在放疗结束时、放疗结束后3月、6月的血浆TGF-β1含量明显低于对照组(P0.05)(19.12±5.23)vs(26.69±5.38)ng/m L、(5.62±3.48)vs(9.64±7.82)ng/m L、(3.28±1.81)vs(7.98±5.16)ng/m L;观察组放射性肺损伤发生率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组放疗后三月肺功能指标用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV)、肺总量(TLC)、CO弥散量(DLCO)出现明显下降的例数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:川芎嗪注射液可以降低放疗肺损伤患者的血浆TGF-β1含量,降低放射性肺炎与放射性肺纤维化的发生率,改善肺功能,无明显不良反应、安全性好,可起到较好的预防放疗后放射性肺损伤的作用。     

冠心病患者肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽变化的临床研究

目的:观察不同类型冠心病与肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽(Proadrenomedullin N Terminal 20 Peptide,PAMP)的关系。方法:选择稳定型心绞痛组(SA)14例,不稳定型心绞痛组(UA)22例,急性心肌梗死组(AMI)12例,正常对照组20例,用放免方法分别测定其外周血中PAMP含量。结果:稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死血浆PAMP含量分别为20．34±3．41ng/L、27．46±2．54ng/L、32．12±3．63 ng/L。不稳定型心绞痛及急性心肌梗死患者血浆中PAMP含量与正常对照组相比差别有明显统计学意义(P＜0．01);单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组血浆PAMP含量分别为30．54±1．98ng/L、30．54±1．98ng/L、21．80±3．54 ng/L,前两者PAMP水平较正常对照组差别有显著统计学意义(P＜0．01),PAMP水平与病变支数无明显相关性。结论:不稳定型心绞痛和急性心梗患者PAMP浓度明显升高,有助于冠心病的危险分层,对评估冠状动脉严重程度及预后可能有意义。     

微创踝关节融合术治疗老年创伤性踝关节炎中的临床效果及对患者氧化损伤与骨代谢的影响

目的:研究微创踝关节融合术治疗老年创伤性踝关节炎中的临床效果及对患者氧化损伤与骨代谢的影响。方法:收集2014年3月至2015年3月我院收治的94例老年创伤性踝关节炎患者,按随机数表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各45例。两组患者在手术前均进行常规检查,对照组采用常规开放式踝关节融合术,实验组采用微创踝关节融合术。对比两组治疗后血清氧化损伤指标肌红蛋白(MYO)、缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,骨代谢指标碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT)水平,视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)评分及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组血清MYO、IMA、MDA水平显著低于对照组[(20.48±2.59)ng/mL vs.(27.07±2.97)ng/m L,(65.68±8.20)U/L vs.(74.27±9.01)U/L,(5.01±1.03)nmol/L vs.(9.64±2.17)nmol/L](P0.05),血清TAC水平显著高于对照组[(11.40±2.50)kU/L vs.(7.36±1.03)kU/L](P0.05);血清ALP、BGP、CT水平均显著高于对照组[(103.28±12.47)U/L vs.(90.53±10.02)U/L,(11.08±1.42)ng/L vs.(8.01±1.23)ng/L,(61.39±5.87)ng/L vs.(50.28±4.92)ng/L](P0.05),ACP、PTH水平均显著低于对照组[(5.21±0.60)U/L vs.(8.03±0.92)U/L,(42.95±5.38)ng/L vs.(60.49±6.92)ng/L](P0.05);VAS评分显著低于对照组[(1.06±0.23)分vs.(3.79±0.67)分](P0.05),AOFAS评分显著高于对照组[(73.02±6.28)分vs.(65.58±5.13)分](P0.05);不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组[6.66%(3/45) vs. 20.41%(10/49)](P0.05)。结论:微创踝关节融合术可调节老年创伤性踝关节炎患者的骨代谢,增强骨密度,减少术后不良反应,有利于改善患者预后。     

鱼油对高脂喂养加小剂量STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠血脂及肝脏的影响

目的:探讨鱼油对高脂喂养加小剂量STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠脂代谢及肝脏组织的影响及其机制。方法:Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(Control)、高脂组(HF)、糖尿病组(DM)、高脂鱼油组(HF+FO)和糖尿病鱼油组(DM+FO),观察大鼠周体重变化,检测各组大鼠血糖、血脂、肝脏细胞形态学及过氧化损伤情况,探讨其可能的作用机制。结果:与对照组相比,高脂喂养大鼠体重明显增加(387.74±36.20 g vs 339.64±10.41 g,P0.05),血甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)分别由1.96±0.06 mmol/L、1.91±0.09 mmol/L和0.72±0.07 mmol/L升高至2.29±0.16 mmol/L、2.08±0.06 mmol/L和1.22±0.09 mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)降低(0.92±0.15 mmol/L vs 1.80±0.07 mmol/L,P0.05),膳食添加鱼油后均有明显改善。糖尿病大鼠体重减轻(287.78±16.11 g vs 339.64±10.41 g,P0.05);但血清中LDL-C水平升高至1.08±0.08 mmol/L,HDL-C水平降低至1.09±0.07 mmol/L(P0.05),鱼油可显著提高HDL-C的水平(P0.05)。高脂组和糖尿病组均有明显的肝脏脂肪浸润和过氧化损伤,添加鱼油后明显减轻。结论:膳食添加鱼油对高脂膳食及2型糖尿病引起的血脂异常均有保护作用,可降低血中甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平;减轻大鼠肝脏脂肪浸润和过氧化损伤。     

血清vaspin、IL-6水平对急性心肌梗死后左室重构的评估价值

目的:观察冠脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的左室重构与血清脂肪特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(vaspin)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平的相关性。方法:入选的研究对象(50例)均来自于2018年9月～2019年6月就诊于同济大学附属普陀人民医院且被诊断为AMI的住院患者,患者均经早期经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗,术后规范药物治疗。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定50例患者发病后1天、7天、30天的血清vaspin和IL-6水平并行超声心动图检查。同时以50例健康体健者作为对照组。比较两组间血清vaspin、IL-6水平的差异,观察AMI后血清vaspin、IL-6水平的变化趋势及其与左室重构的指标包括左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)的相关性。结果:(1)对照组血清vaspin水平为6.03±1.18 ng/mL,AMI组血清vaspin水平4.22±1.37 ng/mL,AMI组血清vaspin水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),且AMI后1月内血清vaspin水平逐渐降低(P0.05);对照组血清IL-6水平为12.04±3.97 ng/mL,AMI组血清IL-6水平为26.72±10.06 ng/mL,AMI组患者血清IL-6水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),且AMI后1月内血清IL-6水平逐渐升高(P0.05);(2)经相关性分析显示:AMI后1天、7天、30天血清vaspin水平与LVEDD、LVESD均呈负相关(P0.05),血清IL-6水平与LVEDD、LVESD均呈正相关(P0.05),血清vaspin水平与IL-6水平均呈负相关(P0.001)。结论:急性心肌梗死后早期,左室重构的进展伴随着血清vaspin的降低与IL-6的升高,临床上应监测两种指标的变化,对左室重构早期干预,预防心力衰竭的发生。     

不同透析方式治疗终末期糖尿病肾病临床疗效比较

目的:比较应用血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)与持续不卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)两种不同透析方式治疗终末期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年6月至2013年2月在我院接受透析治疗的终末期糖尿病肾病患者98例的临床资料,其中55例为接受HD治疗,43例接受CAPD治疗,统计分析及比较两组的临床治疗效果。结果:HD组透析后的体重(50.2±8.9Kg)较透析前(58.4±10.1Kg)明显减轻(P0.05),也明显低于CAPD组透析后体重(60.4±9.1 kg)(P0.05),HD组透析后血压下降明显(SBP 157.6±20.2 vs 144.3±14.4 mmHg,DBP 71.4±12.9 vs 83.2±10.9 mmHg)(P0.05),同时明显低于CAPD组透析后血压(SBP 144.3±14.4 mmHg vs 159.4±17.1 mmHg,DBP 71.4±12.9 vs 84.3±10.5 mmHg)(P0.05),两组透析后尿量与透析前比较无明显差异(0.05),但HD组尿量(487.0±332.0mL)明显少于CAPD组(593.0±420.0 ml)(P0.05),两组透析后生化指标如肌酐(HD 310.6±210.1μmol/L,CAPD425.9±267.2μmol/L)、尿素氮(HD 11.6±4.1 mmol/L,CAPD 19.5±6.9 mmol/L)、血钾(HD 3.4±0.4 mmol/L,CAPD 3.6±0.5 mmol/L)有明显下降(P0.05),HD组透析后血浆总蛋白(59.4±8.1 g/L)及白蛋白(37.4±6.1 g/L)水平较透析前(TP 55.2±9.0 g/L,ALB 33.2±5.9 g/L)显著性升高(P0.05),且HD组血浆总蛋白(55.2±9.0g/L)及白蛋白水平(33.2±5.9 g/L)显著高于CAPD组(TP 52.5±7.3 g/L,ALB 33.4±5.1 g/L)(P0.05),HD组发生心血管并发症(36.3%)、出血事件(30.9%)的比例较CAPD组(16.2%,13.9%)升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种透析方式都是治疗终末期糖尿病肾病的有效措施,两者各有特点。对于不同病人应采取个体化方针,能够提高患者的生活质量,减少并发症及改善预后。     

National Trends over One Decade in Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction among Spanish Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Cumulative Incidence,Outcomes and Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background

This study aims to describe trends in the rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain, 2001–2010.

Methods

We selected all patients with a discharge of AMI using national hospital discharge data. Discharges were grouped by diabetes status: type 2 diabetes and no diabetes. In both groups PCIs were identified. The cumulative incidence of discharges attributed to AMI were calculated overall and stratified by diabetes status and year. We calculated length of stay and in-hospital mortality (IHM). Use of PCI was calculated stratified by diabetes status. Multivariate analysis was adjusted by age, sex, year and comorbidity. Results: From 2001 to 2010, 513,517 discharges with AMI were identified (30.3% with type 2 diabetes). The cumulative incidence of discharges due to AMI in diabetics patients increased (56.3 in 2001 to 71 cases per 100,000 in 2004), then decreased to 61.9 in 2010. Diabetic patients had significantly higher IHM (OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.05–1.17). The proportion of diabetic patients that underwent PCI increased from 11.9% in 2001 to 41.6% in 2010. Adjusted incidence of discharge in patients with diabetes who underwent PCI increased significantly (IRR, 3.49; 95%CI, 3.30–3.69). The IHM among diabetics patients who underwent a PCI did not change significantly over time.

Conclusions

AMI hospitalization rates increased initially but declining slowly. From 2001 to 2010 the proportion of diabetic patients who undergo a PCI increased almost four-fold. Older age and more comorbidity may explain why IHM did not improve after a PCI.     

Transcoronary gene transfer of SERCA2a increases coronary blood flow and decreases cardiomyocyte size in a type 2 diabetic rat model

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat is an animal model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), which is characterized by diastolic dysfunction associated with decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a). The aim of this study was to examine whether gene transfer of SERCA2a can influence coronary blood flow and cardiomyocyte diameter in this model. DM rats were injected with adenovirus carrying SERCA2a (DM+SERCA) or beta-galactosidase gene (DM+betaGal). Coronary blood flow was measured in cross-circulated excised hearts 3 days after infection. Although in all groups coronary blood flow remained unchanged even if left ventricular (LV) volume or intracoronary Ca(2+) infusion was increased, the DM+SERCA group showed a sustained increase in coronary blood flow compared with the other groups. This result suggests that the sustained high coronary blood flow is a specific response in SERCA2a-overexpressed hearts. Although the LV weight-to-body weight ratio (LV/BW) and cardiomyocyte diameter were higher in the DM and DM+betaGal groups than in the non-DM group, in the DM+SERCA group, these measurements were restored to non-DM size. The percentages of collagen area in the three DM groups was significantly higher than results shown in non-DM rats, and there were no significant differences in collagen area percentage among the three DM groups. These results suggest that a lowered LV/BW by SERCA2a overexpression is due mainly to reduced size of cardiomyocytes without any changes in collagen area percentage. In conclusion, in DM failing hearts, SERCA2a gene transfer can increase coronary blood flow and reduce cardiomyocyte size without reduction in collagen production.     

Angiotensin II,as well as 5-hydroxytriptamine,is a potent vasospasm inducer of saphenous vein graft for coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for adverse outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting. The bypass grafts harvested from patients with DM tend to go into spasm after their implantation into the coronary circulation. To clarify the contribution of 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) and angiotensin II (AngII) in the bypass graft spasm, we examined the contractile reactivity to 5-HT or AngII of isolated human endothelium-denuded saphenous vein (SV) harvested from DM and non-DM patients. The 5-HT-induced constriction of the SV was significantly augmented in the DM group than in the non-DM group, which is similar to our previous report. AngII-induced constriction of the SV was also significantly augmented in the DM group than the non-DM group. Especially in the non-DM group, the AngII-induced maximal vasoconstriction was markedly lower than the 5-HT-induced one. Meanwhile, the increasing rates of AngII-induced vasoconstriction in the DM group to the non-DM group were significantly greater than those of 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction. These results indicate that 5-HT is a potent inducer of SV graft spasm in both DM and non-DM patients, while AngII is a potent inducer of SV graft spasm only in patients with DM. Furthermore, the protein level of AngII AT₁ receptor (AT₁R), but not the protein level of 5-HT_2A receptor, in the membrane fraction of the SV smooth muscle cells of DM patients was significantly increased as compared with that of the non-DM patients. These results suggest that the mechanism for hyperreactivity to AngII in the SV from DM patients is due to, at least in part, the increase in the amount of AT₁R on membrane of the SV smooth muscle cells.     

急性心梗患者PCI术中并发心室纤颤的影响因素及Gensini评分、血钾对其预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨分析AMI患者PCI术中并发VF的影响因素以及冠脉Gensini评分、血钾对其预测价值。方法：从2016年6月至2019年6月于我院就诊的AMI患者中筛选出356例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。以AMI患者PCI术中是否并发VF为依据进行组别划分,分为VF组（49组）、NVF组（未并发VF,307例）。整理比较两组一般资料、临床资料,并对两组患者冠脉造影特征、冠脉Gensini评分作对比分析,对AMI患者PCI术中并发VF的可疑性影响因素行多因素Logistic回顾分析,以确定其危险因素,并对危险因素行ROC曲线分析以确定其预测价值。结果：VF组和NVF组在性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压史、糖尿病史、既往应用β受体阻滞剂及阿司匹林,入院时收缩压和心率方面,均无统计学差别（P>0.05）,临床血指标检测上,VF组血钾水平明显低于NVF组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,冠脉造影检查显示VF组TIMI血流0级、Gensini积分高及血栓负荷重例数高于NVF组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示TIMI血流分级0级、血钾、Gensini评分为AMI患者PCI术中并发VF的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TIMI血流分级0级、血钾、Gensini评分均对AMI患者PCI术中并发VF具有一定的预测价值,其ROC曲线下面积分别为0.619、0.816、0.842（P值均＜0.05）,提示血钾、Gensini评分具有中等预测价值,TIMI血流分级0级预测价值较低。当血钾、Gensini评分分别处4.05、89.95最佳截断值时,其敏感度分别为100%、63.3%,特异度分别为为41.8%、94.1%。结论：TIMI血流分级0级、血钾、Gensini评分为AMI患者PCI术中并发VF的独立危险因素。TIMI血流分级0级、血钾、Gensini评分均对AMI患者PCI术中并发VF具有一定的预测价值。血钾、Gensini评分具中等预测价值,TIMI血流分级0级预测价值较低。     

早期康复训练对冠心病介入治疗术后恢复的影响

目的：探讨经皮冠脉介入（PCI）治疗的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者行早期康复训练后的疗效与安全性。方法：192例AMI患者经PCI治疗后随机分为康复组与对照组各96例,分别予早期心脏程序康复训练与传统康复治疗。比较2组患者的心脏结构、并发症及住院时间。结果：在住院期间及随访1年后,两组患者左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径、左室后壁厚度及左室射血分数无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;心律失常、心绞痛及死亡率等并发症均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;而对照组院内感染发生率明显多于康复组（P〈0．05）。结论AMI患者PCI术后行早期心脏程序康复训练安全、有益,可明显减少院内感染的发病率,缩短住院时间。     

Impaired myocardial deformation and ventricular vascular coupling in obese adolescents with dysglycemia

Patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the impact of DM on plaque progression in the non-stented segments of stent-implanted patients has been rarely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of DM on the prevalence, characteristics and severity of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) verified plaque progression in stented patients. A comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic patients was performed. A total of 98 patients who underwent clinically indicated serial CCTAs arranged within 1 month before and at least 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were consecutively included. All the subjects were categorized into diabetic group (n = 36) and non-diabetic groups (n = 62). Coronary stenosis extent scores, segment involvement scores (SIS), segment stenosis scores (SSS) at baseline and follow-up CCTA were quantitatively assessed. The prevalence, characteristics and severity of plaque progression was evaluated blindly to the clinical data and compared between the groups. During the median 1.5 year follow up, a larger number of patients (72.2% vs 40.3%, P = 0.002), more non-stented vessels (55.7% vs 23.2%, P < 0.001) and non-stented segments (10.3% vs 4.4%, P < 0.001) showed plaque progression in DM group, compared to non-DM controls. More progressive lesions in DM patients were found to be non-calcified plaques (31.1% vs 12.8%, P = 0.014) or non-stenotic segments (6.6% vs 3.0%, p = 0.005) and were more widely distributed on left main artery (24.2% vs 5.2%, p = 0.007), the right coronary artery (50% vs 21.1%, P = 0.028) and the proximal left anterior artery (33.3% vs 5.1%, P = 0.009) compared to non-DM patients. In addition, DM patients possessed higher numbers of progressive segments per patient, ΔSIS and ΔSSS compared with non-DM individuals (P < 0.001, P = 0.029 and P < 0.001 respectively). A larger number of patients with at least two progressive lesions were found in the DM group (P = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that DM (OR: 4.81; 95% CI 1.64–14.07, P = 0.004) was independently associated with plaque progression. DM is closely associated with the prevalence and severity of CCTA verified CAD progression. These findings suggest that physicians should pay attention to non-stent segments and the management of non-stent segment plaque progression, particularly to DM patients.     

The prognostic value of different glucose abnormalities in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated invasively

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Diabetes (DM) deteriorates the prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. However, the prognostic value of different glucose abnormalities (GA) other than DM in subjects with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated invasively remains unclear. AIMS: To assess the incidence and impact of GA on clinical outcomes in AMI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: A single-center, prospective registry encompassed 2733 consecutive AMI subjects treated with PCI. In all in-hospital survivors (n = 2527, 92.5 %) without the history of DM diagnosed before or during index hospitalization standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during stable condition before hospital discharge and interpreted according to WHO criteria. The mean follow-up period was 37.5 months. RESULTS: The incidence of GA was as follows: impaired fasting glycaemia - IFG (n = 376, 15 %); impaired glucose tolerance - IGT (n = 560, 22 %); DM (n = 425, 17 %); new onset DM (n = 384, 15 %); and normal glucose tolerance NGT (n = 782, 31 %). During the long-term follow-up, death rate events for previously known DM, new onset DM and IGT were significantly more frequent than those for IFG and NGT (12.3; 9.6 and 9.4 vs. 5.6 and 6.4 %, respectively, P < 0.05). The strongest and common independent predictors of death in GA patients were glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1,73 m^2 (HR 2.0 and 2.8) and left ventricle ejection fraction < 35 % (HR 2.5 and 1.8, all P < 0.05) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Glucose abnormalities are very common in AMI patients. DM, new onset DM and IGT increase remote mortality. Impaired glucose tolerance bears similar long-term prognosis as diabetes.     

小剂量洋地黄对急性心肌梗死PCI术后合并心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响

目的:探讨早期应用小剂量洋地黄类药物对急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后合并心力衰竭患者心率变异性(Heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法:入选32例在发病24小时内接受PCI治疗且合并心力衰竭的AMI患者,再灌注后随机分为洋地黄组(西地兰0.2 mg,n=17)和对照组(生理盐水20 m L,n=15)。在用药前、用药后30分钟、用药后3小时、用药后6小时、用药后12小时、用药后24小时进行5分钟HRV分析。结果:1洋地黄组的心率在用药6小时后显著小于对照组(P0.05);2洋地黄组SDNN在用药后3小时-6小时显著大于对照组(P0.05),两组RMSSD比较无显著统计学差别(P0.05);3洋地黄组LFnorm在用药后3小时-6小时显著大于对照组(P0.05);用药3小时后,洋地黄组HFnorm显著大于对照组(P0.05),LF/HF显著小于对照组(P0.05)。结论:小剂量洋地黄可以显著降低AMI PCI术后合并心力衰竭患者的心率、逆转迷走神经与交感神经活性的失衡状态,改善HRV。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆chemerin水平与其冠脉病变程度的相关性分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者血浆趋化素(chemerin)水平与冠脉病变程度的关系。方法:选取2011年1月~2012年2月我院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者92例,均行冠状动脉造影检查。按冠状动脉造影结果分为单纯2型糖尿病无冠状动脉病变组26例(DM0);合并单支冠状动脉病变组32例(DM1);合并双支以上病变组34例(DM2)。另选取正常健康行冠脉造影检查者25例作为正常对照组(NC)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组入选者血浆chemerin水平,并分析其与冠脉病变程度的相关性。结果:T2DM及T2DM合并冠状动脉病变患者血浆chemerin水平与NC组对比均明显升高,并且与冠状动脉病变严重程度呈正相关(P0.05)。各组血浆Chemerin水平与BMI、HOMA-IR、TC、和APOB各指标间呈显著正相关(r分别为0.781、0.723、0.415、0.694,P均0.01)。结论:2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的发生发展可能与血浆chemerin升高有关。