古背鳕(Palaeoniscinotus)在我国初次发现

记述了在宁夏六盘山盆地侏罗系中发现的古背鳕（Palaeoniscinotus）一新种─—宁夏古背鳕（P.ningxiaensis）。其一般形态特征如体形、鳍的位置和结构、悬挂骨的倾斜程度、鳃盖骨系统及鳞片等结构,与俄罗斯伊尔库茨克中侏罗世的切卡诺夫斯基氏古背鳕（P．czekanowskii）很相似,但新种的背鳍和臀鳍的鳍条均较少、鳞片条纹倾斜分布以及侧线鳞较少等特征显然有别于后者。最后讨论了这个属的系统位置和含鱼化石地层的时代,认为属中侏罗世的可能性较大。     

内蒙古石拐群古鳕类一新属

内蒙古石拐地区石拐群召沟组中的长腹鳍大青山鳕(新属、新种) Daqingshaniscus longiventralis gen. et sp. nov. 是在我国中侏罗世地层中发现的一比较原始的古鳕类.其头骨眶后部分短,鳃盖骨大于下鳃盖骨,背鳍位于腹鳍与臀鳍之间,腹鳍基线长,鳍条都从基部分节、远端分叉,棘鳞仅见于尾上叶,全歪型尾,鳞片呈菱形.大青山鳕既与苏联南哈萨克斯坦 Karatau 地区的 Pteroniscus 很接近,又与我国新疆的维吾尔鳕 Uighuroniscus 及西德北部的 Stadthagen 地区的 Indaginilepis 相似.     

记比耶鱼(Birgeria)在中国的首次发现

记述了采自云南罗平晚三叠世法郎组竹杆坡段的比耶鱼一新种──刘氏比耶鱼（Ｂｉｒｇｅｒｉａ ｌｉｕｉ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）,这是比耶鱼化石在中国的首次发现。刘氏比耶鱼与产自瑞士圣乔治山中三叠世边境沥青层的史氏比耶鱼最为相近,两者仅在尾柄长高之比、尾鳍长短与上下叶外缘交角、背鳍和臀鳍辐状支鳍骨的数目、臀鳍辐状骨骨板的大小、以及侧线管骨化与否等特征上略有差异。比耶鱼与软骨硬鳞鱼超目的鲟形目最为接近,两者共有一系列特征,如除尾上叶外体侧裸露,副蝶骨末端伸达头后,鳃盖骨退化;但比耶鱼同时也具有不少的特有特征,代表了软骨硬鳞鱼超目的另一类群──比耶鱼目（Ｂｉｒｇｅｒｉｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ　ｏｒｄ． ｎｏｖ．）。刘氏比耶鱼的发现进一步表明华南扬子区中、晚三叠世鱼类化石与特提斯西部的鱼群具有密切的动物地理关系。     

记宁夏石炭纪扁体鱼类化石一新属*

本文记述的标本采自宁夏中卫晚石炭世土坡组下部,属于个体较小的扁体鱼类,身长与身高近相等,约3cm。眼眶大,眶下感觉管明显。鳃盖骨大致呈长条形,下鳃盖骨大小与鳃盖骨相近,前鳃盖骨呈椭圆状,匙骨强壮。锁骨保存于匙骨前上部。背、腹棘鳞发育。胸鳍小,腹鳍没有保存。背鳍中等长,臀鳍与背鳍等长,均起点位于身体最高点后。尾鳍呈外形对称的歪型尾。全身覆盖长条形鳞,胸鳍下方具有一枚异常大型的鳞片。经过与北美、澳洲以及中国浙江的扁体鱼类标本对比,发现其间有明显差异,应为一新属新种——小型宁夏扁体鱼(Ningxiaplatysomus parvus gen.et sp.nov.),归于扁体鱼亚目,科不定。     

辽宁中华弓鳍鱼(Sinamia)一新种

记述了辽宁西部九佛堂组和义县组中华弓鳍鱼一新种:辽宁中华弓鳍鱼Sinamia liaoningensis,并与该属的其他种进行了比较.新材料具有中华弓鳍鱼科的3个定义特征:单一的顶骨,三对额外肩胛骨和膜质翼耳骨短并与顶骨等长,无疑应归入该科.新种的后眶下骨较小,背鳍长大,鳞片菱形,因此,归入中华弓鳍鱼属.辽宁中华弓鳍鱼在以下几个方面不同于中华弓鳍鱼的5个已知种:体型短粗,吻骨较短,鼻骨近四方形,围眶骨较多(6),前鳃盖骨强烈弯曲,背鳍条较少(18),尾鳍条较多(16),臀鳍鳍基起点到鱼体背缘的鳞列较多(32),鳞片后缘不具锯齿,尾鳍具有纤维状的角质鳍条.     

江苏句容中生代晚期中华鳞齿鱼属(Sinolepidotus)一新种,兼论该属的系统位置

记述了在江苏句容发现的中华鳞齿鱼属(Sinolepidotus)一新种——长背鳍中华鳞齿鱼(Sinolepidotus longidorsalis sp.nov)。新种的一般形态特征如身体高纺锤形,背鳍长,臀鳍离尾鳍近,头骨外部骨片的形状及排列格局,口裂小,下颌骨有较高的冠状突,口缘牙齿高而尖,体侧中部和背区的一些鳞片高显著大于宽等,与浙江早白垩世的浙江中华鳞齿鱼(Sinolepidotus chekiangensis)很相似。但新种具有背鳍较长,背鳍鳍条数目较多,吻突尖,及鳞片后缘梳状齿不发育等特征区别于浙江中华鳞齿鱼。此外,评论了中华鳞齿鱼属的系统位置,认为它的形态特征与Paralepidotus很相似,对它原列入半椎鱼科提出疑问。根据长背鳍中华鳞齿鱼的性质并参考有关地质古生物资料,将含鱼层杨冲组的时代定为早白垩世。     

丝背细鳞鲀外部形态特征

以黄海捕捞的丝背细鳞鲀(Stephanolepis cirrhifer)为实验样本,共100尾,体全长7.00~14.50 cm,体重7.96~136.54 g。对其外部形态进行观察绘图描述,分析其鱼体侧面和头部、第二背鳍鳍条和鳞片的形态特征。对可量性状与可数性状进行测量和线性回归分析。对背鳍鳍条、尾鳍鳍条、臀鳍鳍条和胸鳍鳍条数量进行统计。观察发现,(1)体表被形态多样的绒状鳞片,鳞片为形似盾鳞的骨鳞,由基板和骨质凸起组成;腹鳍棘与腹部之间具有一可收缩的皮质三角形结构,体表布满黑色条纹与黑色斑点,以眼部为中心向外延伸出6条主侧线(背侧线、框上线、框下线、前鳃盖线、下颌线、上颞线)为其外部形态的明显特征。(2)线性相关性最好的是全长(TL)/体长(SL),其比值变动范围最小,雌雄差异小,相关方程为:SL=0.8239TL﹣0.0471(R2=0.9763);线性相关性最差的是头长/吻长,其比值不仅变动最大,而且雌雄的差异最大。(3)体长(SL)与体重(W)的关系为:W=2.3743e0.2803SL(R2=0.96);雄性:W=2.5406e0.2737SL(R2=0.96),雌性:W=2.0328e0.2954SL(R2=0.95)。(4)鱼鳍鳍条数量:第一背鳍为两根背鳍棘,第二背鳍30~34;臀鳍29~34;胸鳍12;尾鳍13;腹鳍为一个腹鳍棘。雌雄第二背鳍的第二根鳍条长度存在差异,雄性长度比雌性长约1/6~1/5。丝背细鳞鲀在黄海的出现,说明该鱼种洄游分布范围已经扩大到黄海。     

河北丰宁早期鲟类化石一新属

发现于河北丰宁晚侏罗或早白垩世义县组的燕鲟以其很长的背鳍、长条形的方颧骨、骨化程度较高的中轴骨骼和支鳍骨、鳍条上残留有硬鳞质、无轴上鳍条等,有别于鲟形目所有已知属。燕鲟的吻部骨骼退化为管状小骨片,下鳃盖骨前方明显呈舌状突出,后部裂成锯齿状,尾鳍上硬鳞退化,与列鳍鱼和北票鲟最为相近,暂可归入北票鲟科;北票鲟科的鳃条骨数目少于7根,尾鳍上硬鳞无关节突和凹,可视为鲟亚目（鲟科＋匙吻鲟科）的近祖姊妹群。热河群义县组和九佛堂组应为同期异相沉积,且沉积速度很快。     

中国广东省虾虎鱼一新种——周氏吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius zhoui)(鲈形目:虾虎鱼科)

记述了分布于广东省海丰县莲花山溪流中的吻虾虎鱼属一新种,定名为周氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius zhoui。该新种可由如下特征区别于相近种：第二背鳍条I, 8—9;臀鳍条I, 7—8;胸鳍条16—18;纵列鳞29—31;背鳍前鳞10—12;椎骨数10+16=26;成年雄性个体第一背鳍无黑斑,各奇鳍具宽大的亮白色边缘,颊部与鳃盖膜无斑纹,体侧具6—8个红色斑块。     

新疆玛纳斯古近纪—新的鲤科鱼类

记述了新疆玛纳斯古近纪安集海河组发现的鲤科(Cyprinidae)一新属、种——刘氏天山鱼(Tianshanicus liui gen.et sp.nov.)。新属具有臀鳍分叉鳍条多于7根、体长形稍侧扁、口端位、下咽齿近锥形而齿尖前后略侧扁、背鳍和臀鳍均无硬棘、背鳍起点略在腹鳍起点之后以及尾鳍深分叉等特征,表明它应属于雅罗鱼亚科(Leuciscinae sensu Cavender & Coburn,1992)。然而,它又具有额骨前宽后窄、顶骨长方形、膜质蝶耳骨很大、齿骨冠状突较低、鳃盖骨近长方形等特征而有别于本亚科中其他属。值得注意的是,这些特征却见诸于现生的胭脂鱼类Myxocyprinus中,这将对研究雅罗鱼类的起源很有意义。根据鱼化石和哺乳化石的证据,认为含鱼层的时代为晚始新世。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.