共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 57 毫秒
1.
兴安落叶松林碳平衡和全球变化影响研究 总被引:21,自引:9,他引:21
利用CENTURY模型模拟兴安落叶松林的C循环并探讨全球变化对其C循环的影响,结果表明,兴安落叶松林是一个C汇,年净吸收C2.65t.hm^-2,气候变化和大气CO2浓度增加将对北方森林的生长有利,使其净吸收C的能力增强,温度上升2℃时,兴安落叶松林的植物总生物量和生产力均增加,而土壤C含量降低,降水减少20%比降水增加20%时其植物总生物量,生产力和土壤C含量变化的幅度大,说明温度是大兴安岭地区森林生长的主要限制因子。 相似文献
2.
不同施肥条件下旱田养分淋溶规律实验研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
从当今世界范围看 ,每年转入陆地生态系统中的总N量约为 2× 10 8t。其中来自工业肥料的N含量占 2 0 %。目前全世界的施肥量仍在增加 ,发展中国家的增加速率比发达国家高得多。目前 ,我国的大部分耕地都需要补充N素 ,一半以上的耕地需要补充磷肥 ,大约 1/3~ 1/4以上的耕地需要补充钾肥。然而 ,由于种种原因 ,我国农田土壤养分的利用率一直较低 ,损失率较大。旱地土壤N素 (尿素 )利用率仅为 2 0 %~ 4 0 %。P的利用率 15 %~ 30 %。这一方面提高了农产品的成本 ,另一方面 ,过多的使用肥料又造成了环境问题[1,2 ] 。其中 ,一部分养分沿… 相似文献
3.
利用选择性培养基,研究了杜香-落叶松林(LLV)、草类-落叶松林(HLV)、柴桦-落叶松林(BLV)、皆伐-落叶松林(CL)、火烧-落叶松林(LFB)5个样地土壤微生物的数量、种群组成、Shannon指数(H)、丰富度(S)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Simpson优势度(D)。从5个样地共分离到细菌24属,优势菌属主要为短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、微球菌属(Micrococcus);放线菌为链霉菌的6个类群,优势类群主要为白色类群(Albosporus)和黄色类群(Flavus);真菌20属,优势菌属为青霉属(Penicillium)和头孢属(Cephalosporium)。兴安落叶松林不同样地微生物的多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(S)、均匀度指数(J)及优势度指数(D)随样地不同而发生变化,细菌的多样性和丰富度指数为LLVHLVLFBCLBLV,放线菌为BLVHLVLLVLFBCL,真菌为CLHLVBLVLFBLLV。 相似文献
4.
寒温带兴安落叶松林土壤温室气体通量的时间变异 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法,对寒温带兴安落叶松林区6-9月生长季土壤CO2、CH4和N2O通量进行原位测定,研究了土壤温室气体通量的季节和昼夜变化及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:在生长季,兴安落叶松林土壤为大气CH4的汇,吸收通量为22.3~107.8 μg CH4-C·m-2·h-1,6-9月月均甲烷吸收通量为(34.0±7.1)、(71.4±9.4)、(86.3±7.9)和(40.7-±6.2) μg·m-2·h-1;不同季节土壤CH4昼夜通量的变化规律相同,一天中均在10:00达到最大吸收高峰.土壤CO2日通量呈明显的双峰曲线,月均CO2通量大小顺序为7月>8月>6月>9月.土壤N2O通量变异较大,在-9.1 ~31.7μg·m-2·h-1之间.土壤温度和湿度是影响CO2和CH4通量的重要因子,N2O通量主要受温度的影响.在兴安落叶松林区,10:00左右观测获得的温室气体地-气交换通量,经矫正后可以代表当日气体通量. 相似文献
5.
降雨的水质在通过森林后会发生十分大的变化。本文选择了亚热带湿地松人工林;通过分别实测降雨过程中林外降雨、林内降雨及树干流的变化;及其相应的水质变化;分析了湿地松人工林地内雨量再分配的特点;在此基础上阐述了通过降雨过程湿地松人工林地内营养元素的输入及循环过程的特点。 分析结果表明;林外降雨、林内降雨及树干流的P、N、Ca、Mg、Na、K等浓度有很大的差异。与水分运动相对应;各种元素以点源或面源的形式进入流域;从而构成了两个过程与速度均不同的循环。此外;也讨论了降雨与树表面淋溶作用对林地物质输入的贡献。 相似文献
6.
7.
不同土壤水分条件下核桃的生理生态特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用完全随机设计试验方法对不同土壤水分条件下核桃生理生态特性进行研究.结果表明,土壤贮水量、耗水量、水分盈亏值均与灌水量成正比.轻剪、中剪和重剪可分别提高土壤贮水量0.2%、0.5%和0.9%,耗水量-0.5%、-2.0%和-2.5%以及水分盈亏值的1.5、1.9和2.1倍.灌水、覆草、覆膜、修剪处理下的土壤贮水量分别提高了4.4%、1.2%、1.6%和0.5%.灌水(225 kg,4月1日)、中剪、覆草、覆膜处理对增大小叶夹角、提高叶水势效果明显,重剪处理使叶绿素含量增加幅度最大(0.27 mg·dm-2).小叶夹角与叶水势呈正相关关系.以小叶夹角作为评估核桃树体水分状况及其立地土壤水分含量状况指标,具有可靠、直观、及时和简单等特点,并具有较高的应用价值. 相似文献
8.
长期施肥条件下黄土旱塬土壤N03^--N的淋溶分布规律 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
在黄土旱塬区,长期施肥对土壤剖面NO3^-1—N含量和分布有显著影响.施用化学氮肥,土壤剖面中出现NO3^-1—N的淋溶与深层累积,而施用磷肥和有机肥有减弱NO3^-1—N向更深层淋溶的作用.单施氮肥处理(N),NO3^-1—N的累积峰深度最大,为120~200cm;N、P有机肥配施处理(NPM),NO3^-1—N的累积峰值最高,但峰深度降低至60~120cm;N、P配施(NP)累积深度为80~140cm.不施氮肥,分布在土壤剖面中NO3^-1—N含量显著降低.氮肥用量愈大,NO3^-1—N的累积量愈大.N、P配施可以有效降低NO3^-1—N累积.在同一氮肥用量下,NO3^-1—N累积量随磷肥用量的增加而减少. 相似文献
9.
凋落物作为森林生态系统碳库的重要组成部分对森林土壤碳、氮循环具有重要作用.为探讨香樟凋落叶对土壤碳、氮循环的影响,室内模拟研究了10%、20%和30% 3种土壤含水量条件下香樟凋落叶覆盖森林土壤中碳、氮元素的变化.结果表明: 3种含水量条件下香樟凋落叶覆盖均显著增加了土壤CO2排放速率和土壤溶解性有机碳(WSOC)含量,但显著降低了土壤中硝态氮含量,表明香樟凋落叶覆盖能够增强土壤呼吸强度和碳矿化,抑制土壤硝化作用;香樟凋落叶覆盖能够显著增加10%含水量土壤中铵态氮含量,但降低了20%和30%含水量土壤铵态氮含量,表明香樟凋落叶覆盖对土壤铵态氮含量的影响与土壤含水量有关.香樟凋落叶中部分单萜烯浓度在不同土壤含水量条件下分别与土壤CO2排放速率和铵态氮含量呈显著正相关,而与土壤WSOC和硝态氮含量呈显著负相关,说明香樟凋落叶覆盖对土壤碳、氮循环的影响可能与凋落叶中的单萜烯有关. 相似文献
10.
对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林内N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种养分元素的含量、积累、分配和生物循环以及它们随林分年龄的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明:针叶的养分含量最高,树干材的养分含量最低,凋落物的养分含量与树枝或树皮的养分含量接近,土壤中K、Mg元素丰富,N、P、Ca 3种元素亏缺。树叶、树枝、树皮和树根中各元素含量大小顺序为K>N>Ca>Mg>P,树干材中则是Ca>K>N>Mg>P,5种元素含量随马尾松林分年龄的增加呈逐渐减少的趋势。5种元素贮存总量为460.19~1950.32 k 相似文献
11.
玉米/花生间作对土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
通过大田试验,研究了玉米/花生间作对玉米和花生根区土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响.结果表明:与单作相比,间作能显著提高玉米和花生根区的土壤细菌数量;间作花生根区土壤真菌和放线菌数量与单作无显著差异;间作玉米根区土壤真菌和放线菌数量比单作明显提高;间作作物根区微生物群落功能多样性和代谢活性比单作有所改善.玉米/花生间作不同程度提高了整个间作系统根区的土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量及EC值,其中,间作玉米根区土壤养分的增加更为明显,说明玉米/花生间作可以较明显地改善两种作物根区的微生物和养分状况,土壤微生态环境的改善又会促进作物地上部的生长. 相似文献
12.
Abstract A flexible videoscope with an outer diameter of 3.8 mm and equipped with a movable tip was used for in situ observation of roots growing in larger‐sized biopores. We were able to display root morphology and position inside of biopores and differentiate four categories of root segments. 相似文献
13.
Electronic (EK) remediation of a contaminated soil at several Pb concentrations and applied voltages
Brian E. Reed Patrick C. Carriere John C. Thompson Jarrod H. Hatfield 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》1996,5(2):95-120
The in situ remediation of a lead‐contaminated silt loam by electrokinetic (EK) soil flushing was studied. Two initial soil Pb concentrations (150 and 1000 mg/kg of Pb) and applied voltages (30 and 60 V) were investigated. The EK soil flushing process was less efficient for the 150 mg/kg of Pb soils despite these tests being operated for longer durations, having larger EO flows and energy inputs, and lower soil pHs. The decrease in effectiveness was attributed to a larger average metal‐soil binding energy for the lower contaminated soil. Increasing the voltage increased the EO flow, current, energy input (kW‐hr/kg of soil), and provided a more evolved low pH front, resulting in more soil being remediated. There appeared to be a correlation between the amount of EO flow and the desorption and transport of soil‐bound lead. Because complete soil remediation did not occur in any of the tests, the final energy input per kilogram of soil could not be calculated. 相似文献
14.
Laboratory incubations were used to investigate the influence of soil mixing intensity and waterlogged conditions on nutrient
mobilisation from models of cultivated heathland soil. Fragmentation of the peaty surface horizon after different soil cultivation
intensities was simulated using four different surface areas of peat organic matter. In well aerated conditions, increased
mobilisation of C, NH
4
+
−N, PO
4
3−
, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was observed with increased mixing intensity and increased surface area of peat. For all nutrients apart from calcium, intensively
mixed treatments showed higher mobilisation rates under waterlogging than under well aerated conditions. This was particularly
clear for NH
4
−
−N and PO
4
3−
mobilisation. Simple linear regression analysis showed that, under aerated conditions, for four mixing intensities, rates
of mobilisation of NH
4
+
−N, PO
4
3−
, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were approximately constant per unit of peat surface area exposed during soil mixing. Waterlogging was more important than
soil mixing intensity in determining nitrogen mobilisation rates in saturated soil. 相似文献
15.
采用通气法测定了北方冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系田间土壤的原位氨挥发。结果表明,与冬小麦施用基肥相比,夏玉米追肥后土壤的氨挥发速率很快升高,但军发高峰期持续时间较短,最大氨挥发速率亦低于冬小麦,冬小麦拨节期追肥,氨挥发速率低且呈波动变化,未出现高峰值,从整个生长季节来看,冬小麦不施氮和每公顷施氮120、240、360kg时的累计挥发量分别为4.4、6.9、13.0、38.4kgN/hm^2,夏玉米为8.4、15.1、20.0、26.1kgN/hm^2。按我国北方冬小麦/夏玉米播种面积1864.4万hm^2计,每年由氨挥发向大气排放的氨素达23.8-120.2万t,其中17.2-96.4万t来自氮肥,相当于氮肥投入的2.1%-9.5%。 相似文献
16.
Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie Baumgarten Andreas Bruckner Alexander Kampichler Christian Kandeler Ellen 《Plant and Soil》1998,198(1):45-52
A field study in an acidic spruce forest soil using soil mesocosms was conducted to investigate the effects of mesofauna and macrofauna on exchangeable cations, organic matter content, base saturation, and Ca-lactate extractable nutrients. In the field, intact soil monoliths were taken from the ground, defaunated by deep-freezing and wrapped in nets of various mesh-sizes to control immigration of different faunal size classes. The monoliths were then replanted in the field. Three types of treatments for the mesocosms were prepared: (1) microbiota only, (2) microbiota and mesofauna, (3) microbiota, mesofauna, and macrofauna (=complex fauna). After eight months the mesocosms and unmanipulated control plots (treatment 4) were destructively sampled and submitted to chemical analysis. Generally, the exchangeable base cations and Mn2+ showed higher contents with increasing faunal complexity, whereas the exchangeable acidic cations of Fe3+ and Al3+ decreased in the monoliths with complex fauna. These effects were significant for K+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ in the L/F-layer and for Ca2+, Mn2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ in the H-layer. As a possible explanation a rise of ion-binding sites in the course of enhanced humification processes is discussed.In the L/F-layer base cations showed higher concentrations in the monoliths with complex fauna as compared to the control plot, which contained intact roots. This might be due to nutrient uptake by roots in the control plot or enhanced mineralization in the monoliths with complex fauna, where roots had been cut. 相似文献
17.
Lakshmi N. Reddi 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》1994,3(1):29-46
A growing number of incidents of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) spills in the recent past have warranted development of innovative and cost‐effective remediation technologies. Of particular concern is the entrapment of LNAPL (NAPL lighter than water) in the form of ganglia or blobs near the water table by virtue of strong capillary forces. The residual ganglia are the leftover component after pumping of free product and typically occupy 20 to 60% of the pore space. Mobilization of these ganglia would require unrealistically high hydraulic gradients and is often beyond the scope of pump‐and‐treat processes. This paper deals with the feasibility of in situ implementation of localized vibrations for controlled mobilization and collection of LNAPL ganglia. Specifically, the paper covers three components. First, the principles involved in soil‐water‐NAPL interactions under the influence of vibrations are discussed. The effects of vibrations on a soil‐NAPL‐water medium are postulated in terms of pore structure and relative density changes, changes in the permeability of the medium as a result of the changes in pore structure, and development of cyclic pore pressures. Second, results from bench‐scale experiments are presented that involved vibrating contaminated soils under the simultaneous influence of hydraulic gradients. A bench‐scale model consisting of a vibrator integrated with an injection and pumping system was found to be successful in these experiments. The results from the tests showed that up to 85% removal of ganglia can be achieved using this process. Third, the principles involved in the vibratory mobilization were applied to in situ conditions to develop a methodology to estimate the zone of influence of the process. The analogy between this process and an existing geotechnical process known as vibroflotation is exploited to demonstrate the methodology. 相似文献
18.
玉米与四倍体多年生玉米代换种质的选育及其基因组原位杂交鉴定 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
通过对玉米与四倍体多年生玉米杂种F1采用遮光调节开花时期、喷施低浓度赤霉素等提高可杂交性措施 ,选育出一个含有四倍体多年生玉米遗传物质的、在形态特性与普通玉米相似的种质 ,并对供试材料的表型性状进行了调查 ,对玉米及其与四倍体多年生杂交后代材料的体细胞染色体进行多色基因组原位杂交 (Multi colorGenomeinsituHybridization ,McGISH)检测。结果表明 :玉米与四倍体多年生玉米种杂交后代F2 ×P1的许多表型性状已经回复到玉米的特征 ;F2 ×P1自交一代 (BC1F3 )染色体数目为 2 0 ,在原位杂交检测的植株中有 17条与玉米亲本显色相同 ,另外 3条染色体区别于玉米基因组 ,检出为红色荧光且形态上小于玉米染色体 ,表明其来源于四倍体多年生玉米染色体。可见 ,BC1F3 是玉米 四倍体多年生玉米异源代换种质。 相似文献
19.
长期施肥对土壤养分库的影响 总被引:34,自引:3,他引:34
扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化 ,土壤有机碳含量的动态变化 ;铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化 ;Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷 ,活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化 ;土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化 ;长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响 ;农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。还指出了当前土壤养分库研究面临的一些问题 ,并提出了今后研究的几个热点内容 相似文献

