脑性瘫痪与血浆游离氨基酸

<正> 脑性瘫痪(Cerebral Hemiplegie)是一组虽发生于婴幼儿时期的先天性疾病,但也涉及后天因素。表现为出生后,出现双侧性肌张力及功能不全,导致非进行性脑性运动障碍及智力发育不全。病理特征是锥体系受损,甚至累及锥体外系、小脑、脑干以及脊髓等,按临床症状分为痉挛型、运动障碍型、共济失调型以及混合型等。     

鲤、鲫肌肉水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸的初步研究

本文是对天津地区的两种重要的经济淡水鱼鲤、鲫肌肉水解氨基酸和游离氨基测定,并初步分析比较的结果。       

三峡库区新银合欢引种栽培试验

引言新银合欢(Leucaena leucocephla cv. Salvadot)又名萨尔瓦多银合欢,是一种重要的热带木本豆科植物,是大有发展前途的饲料、肥料、燃料和木料的多用途树种。据报道第一年可生长2米以上,以后每年生长1米以上。在没有冻害和立地条件好的地     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO PROTEIN IN ISOLATED NEOCORTEX SLICES AND THE TISSUE CONTENT OF FREE AMINO ACID

Abstract— The uptake of radioactive leucine by incubated neocortex slices was found to be increased by electrical stimulation, yielding a higher content of radioactive amino acid per g fresh weight of tissue which was maintained for prolonged periods of stimulation. The increased tissue content may be associated with tissue swelling found on electrical stimulation, but the additional amino acid uptake was by an active process rather than by passive diffusion. Additions of valine (2.5–10 m m ) or tryptophan (1 m m ) to the incubation medium was found to depress the tissue leucine content. Decreasing the tissue free leucine content by incubating slices in medium containing 5 m m -valine was found to decrease the incorporation of leucine and lysine into tissue protein, indicating that under these conditions tissue free amino acid becomes rate limiting for amino acid incorporation into protein. By analogy with the properties of cerebral tissue in oitro it is suggested that electrical activity in vivo may cause localized increases in free amino acid concentration which may serve to regulate protein synthesis in conditions where the concentration of free amino acids are rate limiting.     

山楂和山楂叶的氨基酸分析

本文用835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了山楂和山楂叶中17种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,山楂叶中氨基酸的总含量高达10.3％,山楂中约含2.4％。     

POSTNATAL CHANGES IN FREE AMINO ACID,DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS OF MINIATURE SWINE BRAIN1

Postnatal developmental characteristics of miniature swine brain were evaluated through the first 9 weeks of age. Differential growth rates of cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem were defined in terms of DNA, RNA, protein and free amino acid concentrations at ages 5, 21, 35 and 63 days. Within the experimental conditions provided, hyperplasia ceased just prior to ages 21, 35 and 63 days for cerebellum, brain stem and cerebrum, respectively. An additional cerebral growth spurt, observed between weaning at age 35 days and sacrifice at age 63 days, may be indicative of impaired brain development due to inadequate nutrition provided by the dam's milk. Developmental changes in mean concentrations of brain free amino acids varied with anatomical area and differed somewhat from those of other species previously reported. For example, mean cerebral concentrations of aspartic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and asparagine + glutamine decreased significantly (P < 0·05) with age and mean glutamic acid concentration was 5 times that of taurine.     

FLUCTUATIONS IN FREE AMINO ACID POOLS OF GYMNODINIUM SIMPLEX (DINOPHYCEAE) IN RESPONSE TO AMMONIA PERTURBATION: EVIDENCE FOR GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE PATHWAY1,2

An ammonia limited chemostat culture of Gymnodinium simplex (Lohm.) Kofoid & Swezy was perturbed with ammonia and fluctuations in the free intracellular amino acid pools were followed 80 min. The steady-state value of glutamate was 2.07 ± 10^-15 mol cell^-1 and of glutamine was 0.31 ± 10^-15 mol cell^-1. Five minutes after the perturbation, a substantial rise in glutamine was observed with a corresponding decrease in glutamate. This is considered a result of glutamine synthetase acting as the primary ammonia assimilating enzyme. The level of ammonia and the major free amino acids reached a maximum 10 min after the perturbation and then slowly decreased.     

甘蔗组织中游离氨基酸组分和含量研究

在甘蔗幼苗中,各个器官的丙氨酸含量都比较高,但在完全展开叶的叶片和叶鞘中丝氨酸含量更高;游离氨基酸总量的分布为完全展开叶叶片》完全展开叶叶鞘,苗根>心叶、幼茎,在伸长盛期和工艺成熟前期9个甘蔗基因型+1叶均以丙氨酸占优势。不同基因型的各种游离氨基酸含量都有明显的差异。在工艺成熟前期,早熟基因型的游离氨基酸总量比较低。伸长盛期与工艺成熟前期游离氨基酸总量之比值也与不同基因型的熟性密切相关,中晚熟品种的明显较低.早熟品种的较高,三个细茎早熟原种材料的更高。     

水稻籽粒游离氨基酸含量及其产量的种子和母体遗传效应分析

本文利用朱军等提出的禾谷类作物种子数量性状平均数遗传模型,探讨了水稻籽粒游离氨基酸含量及其产量的遗传效应．结果表明：籽粒游离氨基酸含量、游离氨基酸产量除受控于种子直接加性效应外,还受母体植株加性效应和显性效应的作用,且母体效应比种子直接加性效应更重要,其中尤以母体显性效应最重要．2个性状种子直接遗传率和母体遗传率均达显著或极显著水平,狭义遗传率均较高,基因累加选择的同时不能忽视杂种优势利用．游离氨基酸含量与游离氨基酸产量细胞质效应、母体显性效应间存在极显著相关性．     

FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF NORMAL HUMANS AND THEIR VARIATION IN CASES OF EPILEPSY AND SPIELMEYER-VOGT-BATTEN DISEASE

Abstract— The concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from control subjects and from patients suffering from epilepsy and Spielmeyer-Vogt-Batten disease were determined using an automatic amino acid analyser. It was found that the plasma/cerebrospinal fluid ratio of amino acid concentrations showed the variation in the amounts of free amino acids in epilepsy more clearly than the cerebrospinal fluid levels alone.     

东北地区三种柴胡种子游离氨基酸的研究

东北地区三种柴胡１２个居群做了种子游离氨基酸成分分析。发现狭叶柴胡９个居群中种子游离氨基酸种内存在着变异,而且种间游离氨基酸种类变异较大,可以作为种间分类的指标。     

太谷核不育小麦花药内游离脯氨酸和总氨基酸含量的变化及其与育性的关系

本文对显性单基因控制的太谷核不育小麦不同发育阶段的可育株和不育株的花药及雌蕊内游离肺氨酸和游离总氨基酸的含量进行了分析。结果表明:(1)在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,不同育性花药之间游离脯氨酸的含量无明显差异,且含量较低。(2)在小孢子单核初期,可育花药内游离脯氨酸的含量显著高于不育花药,是不育花药的7倍,比减数分裂期增加20倍,高达其干重的1.65％,占其游离总氨基酸的50％。(3)在雌蕊中,游离脯氨酸的含量远远低于花药,不同育性植株之间差异不很明显。(4)关于游离总氨基酸的含量,在花药中减数分裂期,不同育性植株之间无明显差异;在小孢子单核初期,可育株高于不育株。在雌蕊中,相应于小孢子单核初期时,可育株稍高于不育株,受精后迅速趋于一致,但整个变化幅度不大。     

DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN MOUSE BRAIN: WEIGHT, WATER CONTENT AND FREE AMINO ACIDS

Abstract— —Glutamic acid, glutamine, GABA and aspartic acid exhibited postnatal increases in the developing mouse brain at the same time that the other amino acids, both essential and non-essential, of the pool decreased. The most significant decreases were observed in the concentrations of taurine, phosphoethanolamine, glycine and alanine. The period of rapid accumulation of the members of the glutamic acid family in the mouse brain was concurrent with dramatic increases and decreases in brain weight and water content, respectively.     

TRANSMITTER METABOLIZING ENZYMES AND FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN SENSORY AND MOTOR NERVES AND GANGLIA OF THE SHORE CRAB (CARCINUS MAENAS)

—The distribution of ChAT (choline acetyltransferase), GAD (glutamate decarboxylase) and acetylcholinesterase in some sensory and motor nerves of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, has been investigated using micro-assay techniques. ChAT was concentrated in the afferent nerve fibres of the thoracic-coxal muscle receptor as well as in the coxo-basal chordotonal receptor nerve and other leg sensory fibres. GAD was found in leg motor nerves including the promotor and remotor muscle nerves, being undetectable in the sensory nerves. Acetylcholinesterase was found in similar levels in both sensory and motor nerves assayed. Amino acid analysis using a micro-dansylation technique showed that sensory nerves had low GABA levels, whereas the leg nerve including motor fibres had substantially higher GABA concentrations. GAD and GABA were also found in low amounts in the leg promoter mucle, which is consistent with GABA being a neuromuscular transmitter.     

AMINO ACID DISTRIBUTION AND INCORPORATION INTO PROTEINS IN ISOLATED, ELECTRICALLY-STIMULATED CEREBRAL TISSUES

—The uptake of radioactive amino acid by incubated cerebral cortex slices is found to be a first order process. Incorporation of the radioactive amino acid into tissue protein is from a precursor pool that has first equilibrated with the intracellular endogenous free amino acids. Ways of calculating the amino acid incorporation in molar quantities from the observed incorporation of radioactivity are discussed, and it is concluded that the specific radioactivity of the intracellular acid-soluble fraction is the best basis for such estimates. The in vitro incorporation of leucine into tissue protein is estimated to be approximately 1±2 mμnol/mg protein/h, and of valine 0±4 mμmol/mg protein/h. Addition of free amino acids to the media had little or no effect on the calculated rates of incorporation. On incubation for 1 h the total free valine in tissue and medium increased by 0±43 μmol/g and leucine increased by 0±55 μmol/g. Estimates of amino acid incorporation based on the specific radioactivity of the media amino acids can give misleading results if this considerable release of amino acids into the medium is not taken into account. Electrical stimulation of neocortical slices with a variety of types of pulses was either without effect or decreased incorporation into portein. The decrease could not be directly correlated with changes in tissue K⁺ nor with the utilization of ATP. Mild, local stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract of piriform cortex slices was without effect on tissue phosphocreatine, K⁺ or amino acid incorporation.     

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF IRRADIANCE AND CO2 ON CO2 FIXATION AND N2 FIXATION IN THE DIAZOTROPH TRICHODESMIUM ERYTHRAEUM (CYANOBACTERIA)1

The diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. contribute approximately half of the known marine dinitrogen (N₂) fixation. Rapidly changing environmental factors such as the rising atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) and shallower mixed layers (higher light intensities) are likely to affect N₂‐fixation rates in the future ocean. Several studies have documented that N₂ fixation in laboratory cultures of T. erythraeum increased when pCO₂ was doubled from present‐day atmospheric concentrations (～380 ppm) to projected future levels (～750 ppm). We examined the interactive effects of light and pCO₂ on two strains of T. erythraeum Ehrenb. (GBRTRLI101 and IMS101) in laboratory semicontinuous cultures. Elevated pCO₂ stimulated gross N₂‐fixation rates in cultures growing at 38 μmol quanta · m^?2 · s^?1 (GBRTRLI101 and IMS101) and 100 μmol quanta · m^?2 · s^?1 (IMS101), but this effect was reduced in both strains growing at 220 μmol quanta · m^?2 · s^?1. Conversely, CO₂‐fixation rates increased significantly (P < 0.05) in response to high pCO₂ under mid‐ and high irradiances only. These data imply that the stimulatory effect of elevated pCO₂ on CO₂ fixation and N₂ fixation by T. erythraeum is correlated with light. The ratio of gross:net N₂ fixation was also correlated with light and trichome length in IMS101. Our study suggests that elevated pCO₂ may have a strong positive effect on Trichodesmium gross N₂ fixation in intermediate and bottom layers of the euphotic zone, but perhaps not in light‐saturated surface layers. Climate change models must consider the interactive effects of multiple environmental variables on phytoplankton and the biogeochemical cycles they mediate.     

短期饥饿胁迫对鲵鱼生化组成、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的影响

在水温(22±1)℃条件下,研究了短期饥饿胁迫对我(鲵)鱼幼鱼生化组成、脂肪酸和氨基酸的影响.幼鱼分别饥饿Od(S0)、饥饿3d(S3)、饥饿6d(S6)、饥饿9d(S9)、饥饿12d(S12)和饥饿15d(S15).结果表明:鱼体内的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和糖类随着饥饿时间的延长而逐渐降低,而水分和灰分随着饥饿时间的延长而逐渐升高.饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)显著下降(P＜0.05);而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)呈先上升趋势.(鲵)鱼幼鱼短期饥饿胁迫过程中,首先利用饱和脂肪酸,然后利用低不饱和脂肪酸,最后才动用高不饱和脂肪酸.双键位置不同的脂肪酸在饥饿过程中的损失速度也有差异,具体为n-9 PUFA＞n-6 PUFA＞n-3 PUFA.S0主要氨基酸为天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸.经过不同时间饥饿后,氨基酸总量和必须氨基酸总量显著下降,与S0组均差异显著(p＜0.05),但S9、S12和S15的基酸总量和必须氨基酸总量差异性不显著(p＞0.05).     

SPATIAL SEGREGATION OF CO2 FIXATION IN TRICHODESMIUM SPP.: LINKAGE TO N2 FIXATION POTENTIAL1

The aggregate-forming, nonheterocystous, filamentous blue-green alga (cyanobacteria) Trichodesmium spp. is a widespread and important planktonic N₂ fixer and primary producer in tropical and subtropical oceans. It is unique among nonheterocystous genera because it conducts N₂ and CO₂ fixation (O₂ evolution) simultaneously; a notable achievement, because O₂ is a potent inhibitor of N₂ fixation. Spatial and temporal CO₂ fixation patterns were examined in trichomes and aggregates from natural and cultured populations, utilizing microautoradiographic detection of ¹⁴CO₂ incorporation. Parallel N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction) measurements were also made. Diel N₂ and CO₂ fixation patterns were similar, with co-optimization of both processes near midday. Microautoradiographs revealed several trichome-level ¹⁴CO₂ incorporation patterns: 1)uniform, heavy labeling, 2)uniform, light labeling, 3) heavier labeling in distal as opposed, to proximal regions, and 4) virtually no labeling throughout. Similar patterns were observed in natural and cultured populations. Given previous immunochemical findings that N₂ fixation potential is widespread in Trichodesmium spp. trichomes and aggregates, current results suggest a high degree of individuality, and possibly a “division of labor” in terms of CO₂ fixation, among trichomes comprising active N₂-fixing aggregates. Segregation of photosynthesis within and among trichomes facilitates simultaneous N₂ and CO₂ fixation in Trichodesmium spp. trichomes and aggregates.     

氨基酸产生菌E_(65)中质粒的分离与鉴定

在棒杆菌与短杆菌中,用微量质粒分离方法筛选到一株含多种质粒的乙酰短杆菌(Brevibacterium actylicum)E_(65)菌株,该菌株具有产氨基酸特性。进一步大量制备其质粒DNA,并进行氧化绝密度梯度超离心纯化,以及电泳分析,电镜观察,并对质粒进行分离与鉴定,从而确定了每种质粒的分子量大小。