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1.
S. M. Ghaderian A. Mohtadi R. Rahiminejad R. D. Reeves A. J. M. Baker 《Plant and Soil》2007,293(1-2):91-97
Serpentine soils, which contain relatively high concentrations of nickel and some other metals, are the preferred substrate
for some plants, especially those that accumulate Ni in their tissues. In temperate regions more Ni-hyperaccumulator plants
are found in Alyssum than in any other genus. In this study, serpentine soils of two areas (Marivan and Dizaj) in the west/northwest of Iran and
also perennial Alyssum plants growing on these soils were analyzed for Ni and some other metals. The highest concentrations of total metals in the
soils of these areas for Ni, Cr, Co and Mn were 1,350, 265, 94 and 1,150 μg g−1, respectively, while concentrations of Fe, Mg and Ca reached 3.55%, 16.8% and 0.585% respectively. The concentration of exchangeable
Ni in these soils is up to 4.5 μg g−1. In this study two Alyssum species, A. inflatum and A. longistylum, have been collected from Marivan and Dizaj, respectively. Analysis of leaf dry matter shows that they can contain up to
3,700 and 8,100 μg Ni g−1, respectively. This is the first time that such high Ni concentrations have been found in these species. The concentrations
of other metals determined in these species were in the normal range for serpentine plants, except for Ca, which was higher,
up to 5.3% and 3.5%, respectively 相似文献
2.
Pseudomonas sp. NBRI 4014 is a potent phosphorus solubilizer (284 μg/ml). It also produced significant levels of siderophore (143.87
μg/ml) and IAA (5.6 μg/ml). Siderotyping indicated it was P. aeruginosa siderovar 1. Cadmium (180 μM), nickel (420 μM), and chromium (370 μM) resistant mutants were developed and characterized
for their PGPR properties. Mutants were stable under non-selective pressure. In cases of nickel and cadmium, there were reductions
of the siderophore levels. However, they were able to promote root and shoot elongation in soybeans (Glycine max PK 564) at a significant level (p < 0.05) in the presence of metals unfamiliar to the wild type. The persistence and stability of mutants were evident in rhizospheric
soil, thus their exploitation for polluted/contaminated sites was supported.
Received: 27 December 2001 / Accepted: 28 January 2002 相似文献
3.
Previous work had suggested that in addition to serving the function of a siderophore, pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid)
(PDTC) may also provide producing organisms with the ability to assimilate other divalent transition metals. This was tested
further by examining regulation of siderophore production, expression of pdt genes, and growth in response to added zinc. In media containing 10–50 μM ZnCl2, the production of PDTC was found to be differentially repressed, as compared with the production of pyoverdine. The expression
of PdtK, the outer membrane receptor involved in PDTC transport, was also reduced in response to added zinc whereas other
iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were not. Expression of a chromosomal pdtI:: xylE fusion was repressed to a similar extent in response to zinc or iron. Mutants that cannot produce PDTC did not show a growth
enhancement with micromolar concentrations of zinc as seen in the wild type strain. The phenotype of the mutant strains was
suppressed by the addition of PDTC. The outer membrane receptor and inner membrane permease components of PDTC utilization
were necessary for relief of chelator (1,10-phenanthroline)-induced growth inhibition by Zn:PDTC. Iron uptake from 55Fe:PDTC was not affected by a 32-fold molar excess of Zn:PDTC. The data indicate that zinc present as Zn:PDTC can be utilized
by strains possessing PDTC utilization functions but that transport is much less efficient than for Fe:PDTC. 相似文献
4.
Jian Wu Henk Schat Rifei Sun Maarten Koornneef Xiaowu Wang Mark G. M. Aarts 《Plant and Soil》2007,291(1-2):167-180
Brassica rapa L. is an important vegetable crop in eastern Asia. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation in
leaf Zn, Fe and Mn accumulation, Zn toxicity tolerance and Zn efficiency in B. rapa. In total 188 accessions were screened for their Zn-related characteristics in hydroponic culture. In experiment 1, mineral
assays on 111 accessions grown under sufficient Zn supply (2 μM ZnSO4) revealed a variation range of 23.2–155.9 μg g−1 dry weight (d. wt.) for Zn, 60.3–350.1 μg g−1 d. wt. for Fe and 20.9–53.3 μg g−1 d. wt. for the Mn concentration in shoot. The investigation of tolerance to excessive Zn (800 μM ZnSO4) on 158 accessions, by using visual toxicity symptom parameters (TSPs), identified different levels of tolerance in B. rapa. In experiment 2, a selected sub-set of accessions from experiment 1 was characterized in more detail for their mineral accumulation
and tolerance to excessive Zn supply (100 μM and 300 μM ZnSO4). In this experiment Zn tolerance (ZT) determined by relative root or shoot dry biomass varied about 2-fold. The same six
accessions were also examined for Zn efficiency, determined as relative growth under 0 μM ZnSO4 compared to 2 μM ZnSO4. Zn efficiency varied 1.8-fold based on shoot dry biomass and 2.6-fold variation based on root dry biomass. Zn accumulation
was strongly correlated with Mn and Fe accumulation both under sufficient and deficient Zn supply. In conclusion, there is
substantial variation for Zn accumulation, Zn toxicity tolerance and Zn efficiency in Brassica rapa L., which would allow selective breeding for these traits. 相似文献
5.
Glutathione reductase fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes redox interconversionin situ andin vivo
José Peinado Javier Florindo J. López-Barea 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,110(2):135-143
Redox interconversion of glutathione reductase was studiedin situ withS. cerevisiae. The enzyme was more sensitive to redox inactivation in 24 hour-starved cells than in freshly-grown ones. While 5 μM NADPH
or 100 μM NADH caused 50% inactivation in normal cells in 30 min, 0.75 μM NADPH or 50 μM NADH promoted a similar effect in
starved cells. GSSG reactivated the enzyme previously inactivated by NADPH, ascertaining that the enzyme was subjected to
redox interconversion. Low EDTA concentrations fully protected the enzyme from NADPH inactivation, thus confirming the participation
of metals in such a process. Extensive inactivation was obtained in permeabilized cells incubated with glucose-6-phosphate
or 6-phosphogluconate, in agreement with the very high specific activities of the corresponding dehydrogenases. Some inactivation
was also observed with malate, L-lactate, gluconate or isocitrate in the presence of low NADP+ concentrations.
The inactivation of yeast glutathione reductase has also been studiedin vivo. The activity decreased to 75% after 2 hours of growth with glucono-δ-lactone as carbon source, while NADPH rose to 144%
and NADP+ fell to 86% of their initial values. Greater changes were observed in the presence of 1.5 μM rotenone: enzymatic activity
descended to 23% of the control value, while the NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ ratios rose to 171% and 262% of their initial values, respectively. Such results indicate that the lowered redox potential
of the pyridine nucleotide pool existing when glucono-δ-lactone is oxidized promotesin vivo inactivation of glutathione reductase. 相似文献
6.
Giovanni Iapichino Marcello Airò 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(4):330-337
Multiple shoots were induced on stem segments of an 8-y-old plant of Metrosideros excelsa Sol ex Gaertn. “Parnel”. Axillary shoots produced on uncontaminated explants were excised, segmented, and recultured in the
same medium to increase the stock of shoot cultures. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, augmented with different concentrations
of 2- isopenthenyladenine (2iP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), either singly or in combinations, as potential medium for
shoot multiplication by nodal segments was tested. In the following experiment, equal molar concentrations of four cytokinins
[2iP, kinetin, zeatin, and N
6-benzyladenine (BA)] in combination with equal molar concentrations of three auxins [IAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA),
and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] were tested for ability to induce axillary shoot development from single-node stem segments.
The highest rate of axillary shoot proliferation was induced on MS agar medium supplemented with 1.96μM 2iP and 1.14μM IAA
after 6 wk in culture. Different auxins (IAA, IBA, and NAA) were tested to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro rooting of microshoots. The best results were accomplished with IAA at 5.71μM (89% rooting) and with IBA at 2.85 or 5.71μM
(86% and 86% rooting, respectively). Seventy and 90 percent of the microshoots were rooted ex vitro in bottom-heated bench (22 ± 2°C) after 2 and 4 wk, respectively. In vitro and ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully established in soil. 相似文献
7.
Rhizobium sp. strain BICC 651 in the presence of 100 μM Al3+ produced a threefold higher level of siderophore than in the control culture under iron limitation during the stationary
phase. Al3+ in increasing concentrations resulted in decreased growth, and the effect was alleviated by the addition of iron. Siderophore
production decreased gradually in Al3+-treated culture as well as in the control with the addition of increasing concentrations of Fe3+, and at 50 μM Fe3+ the level of siderophore was practically undetectable. The siderophore binds Fe3+ and also Al3+. The outer membrane protein profiles of the bacteria grown in the presence or absence of Al3+ were indistinguishable.
Received: 15 November 1999 / Accepted: 21 December 1999 相似文献
8.
N. I. Shevyakova A. I. Cheremisina Vl. V. Kuznetsov 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2011,58(4):634-642
Three amaranth hybrids (Amaranthus paniculatus f. cruentus (Vishnevyi dzhem), A. paniculatus (Bronzovyi vek), and A. caudatus f. iridis (Izumrud) were grown in the climate-controlled chamber on Jonson nutrient medium supplemented with 2 μM Fe3+-EDTA. When plants developed 5–6 true leaves (six-week-old plants), NiCl2 was added to medium to final concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μM. In 6 days, the increment in biomass
of young and mature leaves, stems, and roots, and also the contents of Ni and Fe in them were measured. The red leaf amaranth
hybrid Vishnevyi dzhem manifested the highest phytoremediation potential. i.e., the highest capacity for Ni accumulation in
the shoots and the most pronounced symptoms of Fe deficit. In the presence of 150 and 250 μM NiCl2 in medium, the shoots of these plants contained about 2 and 4 mg Ni/g dry wt, respectively. In experiments with Fe deficit
in plants grown for a week in the presence of NiCl2 (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM), it was established that all tested nickel concentrations suppressed iron reduction in intact
roots, which is catalyzed by ferric-chelate reductase, and this may underlie the antagonism between the two metals. In the
presence of 50 μM NiCl2 in medium and 2 μM Fe3+ (Fe deficit) and especially 100 μM Fe3+ (Fe excess), the content of MDA and proline in leaves increased and superoxide dismutase was activated; this indicates a
development of oxidative stress. Leaf treatment with polyamines (putrescine or spermidine) with aminoguanidine (the inhibitor
of H2O2 generation at polyamine oxidation) and with 1,3-diaminopropane led to the increase in nickel accumulation in leaves but did
not result in the appearance of any signs of injury. This confirms our previous suggestion that polyamines manifest their
protectory action as Ni chelators and detoxicants. 相似文献
9.
Lígia Aíra de Medeiros Roberval Cássia Salvador de Ribeiro Luiz Antônio Gallo Enio Tiago de Oliveira Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão Demattê 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,84(2):100147-100151
Most commercially grown cacti can be easily propagated by seed and/or cuttings. A group of rare and endangered species does
not fit into this category and is therefore a good candidate for in vitro propagation productions as a tool to overcome habitat and plant-destruction. The number of rare and endangered species of
Cacti goes into about 100. Many show a low production and germination of seeds and plantlets are prone to damping-off, making
the in vitro propagation a feasible alternative for the multiplication and conservation of their germplasm. The aim of the present investigation
is to establish a protocol for the in vitro culture and plant regeneration of Notocactus magnificus, the blue cactus, a highly ornamental species, native to Brazil. The surface sterilization of the explants was achieved with
immersion for 10 min in sodium hypochlorite solution for either seeds (0.25% v/v) or ribs segments (1% v/v). Callus formation
was observed when explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with sucrose at 2% (w/v), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
0.5 μM, benzylaminopurine 4.4 μM, thiamine HCl 0.4 mg l−1 and i-inositol 100 mg l−1. The regeneration of shoots was carried out on MS medium supplemented with either different concentrations of benzylaminopurine
and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, or kinetin and indole-3-acetic acid. The highest number of shoots occurred when MS medium was
supplemented with benzylaminopurine 22.2 μM, sucrose 3% (w/v) and agar 0,6% (w/v). In vitro spontaneous rooting of shoots was observed after eight months under culture on MS medium. Only in vitro rooted shoots developed into normal plants under glasshouse culture conditions. This in vitro protocol should be useful for the conservation as well as mass propagation of Notocactus magnificus. 相似文献
10.
Sancak Cengiz Mirici Semra Özcan Sebahattin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,61(3):231-235
An in vitro propagation protocol has been developed from mature trees of Pittosporum napaulensis. The best bud proliferation (83.1%), shoot number (21 axillary shoots/ explant) and shoot length (5.5 cm) was achieved in
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 μM N−6 benzyladenine and 0.1 μM α- naphthalene acetic acid. Of the three cytokinins tested (N−6 benzyladenine, kinetin and thidiazuron), N−6 benzyladenine proved to be the best for shoot induction. Shoot regeneration potential varied among genotypes. Regenerated
shoots rooted after 48 hours treatment on half-strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 20 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted
shoots transferred to 120 g (w/v) soilrite + sand + soil (1:1:1) mixture showed 70% survival. Twenty-one plantlets are growing
well in green house conditions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Vanderberg LA Krieger-Grumbine R Taylor MN 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2000,53(4):447-452
Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain OFS grew on toluene as a sole source of carbon and energy with a maximum growth rate of 0.011 h−1. Initial reaction products were extracted, derivatized and identified by GC-MS. Oxygen consumption studies indicated that
OFS grown on an aliphatic substrate required an induction period before oxidizing toluene. OFS grown on toluene transformed
an array of aromatic ground water pollutants including styrene, ethylbenzene and chlorobenzene. Products of these transformations
were identified. The sole product of chlorobenzene biotransformation was 4-chlorophenol. Products from toluene oxidation included
3- and 4-methylcatechol as well as benzyl alcohol, p-cresol and cis-toluene dihydrodiol. The identification of these and the products of other aromatic substrate conversions affirm that oxidation
occurred on the functional group as well as directly on the aromatic nucleus.
Received: 23 July 1999 / Received revision: 4 October 1999 / Accepted: 16 October 1999 相似文献
12.
Adventitious bud formation in Alhagi graecorum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Various parts of seedlings and in vitro propagated shoots of Alhagi graecorum Boiss were cultured on different media with different 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KIN) concentrations to compare their
potential to regenerate shoots. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.5 μM BA and hypocotyl gave the best results. Callus
was obtained from stem segments on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA, 5 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D). Shoot formation from callus occurred upon its transfer to MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA. Mature explants which
showed a relatively low potential for adventitious buds or callus formation, regenerated shoots abundantly using the tiny-mature-explant
method. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 5 μM 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
S. R. Thengane D. K. Kulkarni V. A. Shrikhande K. V. Krishnamurthy 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):206-210
Summary Regeneration of adventitious shoots from the medicinal plant Nothapodytes foetida (Weight) Sleumer Syn. Mappia foetida (family Ieacinaceceae) has been achieved using different seedling explants. Direct, regeneration of shoot buds was observed
in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of thidiazuron. The optimum levels of
thidiazuron concentrations were 0.91–4.45 μM. Leaf explants formed more shoots followed by hypocotyls or cotyledons. The shoot buds elongated and rooted on MS basal medium
with N6-benzyladenine (0.88–2.22 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (0.49 μM). 相似文献
14.
The genus Dierama comprises plants with a potential to be developed as ornamentals. D. erectum seeds were decontaminated and germinated on 1/10th strength Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962) (MS) media
without plant growth regulators or sucrose. In an experiment investigating the effects of 6-benzyladenine (BA), meta-Topolin (mT), kinetin (KIN) and zeatin (Z) with or without α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), the highest shoot number per hypocotyl (4.20 ± 0.51)
was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM Z after 8 weeks. This was followed by a combination of 2.0 μM KIN and
2.0 μM NAA with 3.67 ± 0.81 shoots per explant. BA treatments produced 3.20 ± 0.22 shoots per hypocotyl explant when 2.0 μM
was combined with 1.0 μM NAA, while mT gave 3.09 ± 0.99 shoots per explant when 2.0 μM mT was combined with 2.0 μM NAA. Adventitious shoot regeneration was optimised when shoots were grown under a 16-h photoperiod
at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM BA. This resulted in an average of 12.73 ± 1.03 shoots per hypocotyl explant. Various
concentrations of ancymidol, activated charcoal and sucrose did not promote in vitro corm formation of this species. Plants
rooted successfully after 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and had an average root
number of 2.73 ± 0.40. After 2 months of acclimatisation, plants had formed corms. The largest corms (of diameter 0.45 ± 0.03 cm)
were produced in plants pre-treated with 0.5 μM IBA. The highest plant survival percentage of 73% was also associated with
this treatment. 相似文献
15.
Summary Callus induction was observed from hypocotyl, root, and cotyledonary leaf segments, grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (KN). Maximum
callusing (100%) was obtained from root and cotyledonary leaf segments grown on MS medium supplemented with a combination
of 2 mg l−1 (9.1 μM) 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l−1 (0.9 μM) KN. The calluses, when subcultured in the same medium, showed profuse callusing. However, these calluses remained recalcitrant
to regenerate regardless of the quality and combinations of plant growth regulators in the nutrient pool. When hypocotyl segments
were used as explants, callus induction was noticed in 91% of cultures which showed shoot regeneration on MS medium supplemented
with 2 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l−1 KN. These shoots were transferred to fresh medium containing various concentrations and combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA)
and N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine (2-iP). Maximum shoot multiplication was observed after 60 d of the second subculture on MS medium
containing 2 mg l−1 (8.9 μM) BA. These shoots were rooted best (87%) on MS medium containing 2 mg l−1 (9.9 μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were transferred to the field after acclimatization and showed 60% survival. 相似文献
16.
Yohana de Oliveira Fernanda Pinto André Luís Lopes da Silva Ivan Guedes Luiz Antonio Biasi Marguerite Quoirin 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(2):192-197
Melaleuca alternifolia is cultivated for the production of an essential oil useful in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the economic
importance of this species, there is little knowledge about its in vitro propagation. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient protocol for micropropagation of M. alternifolia. With the goal of in vitro multiplication by axillary shoot proliferation, both solid and liquid MS and WPM media were tested with supplementation with
BA at 0, 0.55, 1.11, 2.22, 3.33, and 4.44 μM. The best result for shoot multiplication was obtained when either 0.55 μM BA
was added into solid MS medium or 1.11 μM BA was added into liquid MS medium, with 5.6 and 11.8 shoots per explant generated,
respectively. On solid or liquid WPM medium supplemented with 0.55 μM BA, the proliferation rates were 5.5 and 4.7, respectively.
Three auxins (NAA, IAA, and IBA) were tested at 0.53 and 2.64 μM during the rooting stage. Several sucrose concentrations
(15, 30, and 45 g L−1) were compared to a sucrose-free medium. Rooting performances on four culture media were then compared: MS, half-strength
MS (MS/2), MS + activated charcoal (AC), and MS/2 + AC. The results showed that auxin addition to culture medium is not necessary
for in vitro rooting. Rooted microcuttings from different culture media were acclimatized in a greenhouse, and the survival percentage was evaluated.
All shoots cultured in an auxin-free MS medium supplemented with sucrose (30 g L−1) produced roots, and all plants survived during acclimatization. Activated charcoal added in rooting medium reduced rooting
rates. 相似文献
17.
A simple, high frequency, and reproducible method for plant regeneration through direct organogenesis from cotyledonary leaf
explants of Jatropha curcas was developed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or 6-benzyl
aminopurine (BAP). Medium containing TDZ has greater influence on regeneration as compared to BAP. The induced shoot buds
were transferred to MS medium containing 10 μM kinetin (Kn), 4.5 μM BAP, and 5.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot
proliferation. The proliferated shoots could be elongated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations
of BAP, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA, and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 2.25 μM BAP and 8.5 μM IAA was found
to be the best combination for shoot elongation. However, significant differences in plant regeneration and shoot elongation
were observed among the genotypes studied. Rooting was achieved when the basal cut end of elongated shoots were dipped in
half strength MS liquid medium containing different concentrations and combinations of IBA, IAA, and NAA for 4 days, followed
by transfer to growth regulators free half strength MS medium supplemented 0.25 mg l−1 activated charcoal. Elongated shoot treated with 15 μM IBA, 5.7 μM IAA, and 11 μM NAA resulted in highest percent rooting.
The rooted plants could be established in soil with more than 90% survival rate. The method developed may be useful in improvement
of J. curcas through genetic modification. 相似文献
18.
Sclerocarya birrea (marula) is an indigenous South African tree with highly valued medicinal and nutritional properties. Induction of nodular
meristemoids from leaf explants was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzyladenine
(BA) in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butryric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Induction
of nodular meristemoids from 86% of the leaf cultures was achieved on MS medium with 4.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. High levels
(78–100%) of induction were also achieved on WPM with different concentrations of BA (1.0–4.0 μM) and IBA (1.0–4.0 μM). The
highest conversion of meristemoids into shoots was only 22% for 4.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA on MS initiation medium. This was
improved to 62% when nodular clusters were cultured in a MS liquid medium. Histological studies revealed the globular stage
of the nodular meristemoids. This protocol has potential for application in mass micropropagation and plant breeding of S. birrea. 相似文献
19.
C. P. Kaviraj G. Kiran R. B. Venugopal P. B. Kavi Kishor Srinath Rao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(2):134-138
Summary This study reports a protocol for plant regeneration from cultured explants of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek] via somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos were induced from nature cotyledons of var., TAP-7 and Pusa Baisaki
when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid singly or in combination with 2.22–8.88 μM N
6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 2.32–9.38 μM kinetin. The type and concentration of auxin and plant genotype influenced the frequency of somatic embryogenesis. NAA was
the most effective auxin for somatic embryo induction. The well-developed, cotyledonary shaped embryos of var. TAP-7 germinated
into plantlets at a frequency of 56.6% on MS medium supplemented with 1.88 μM abscisic acid and 6.66 μM BAP. Regenerated plants were transferred to soil and grown to maturity with 90% survival. The protocol described here offers
a good potential for genetic improvement using gene transfer techniques and the production of synthetic seeds of V. radiata. 相似文献
20.
Somatic embryogenesis and whole plant regeneration was achieved in callus cultures derived from immature zygotic embryos of
Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C. Johnst., recently identified as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) accumulator. Embryogenic calli were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium added with a mixture of organic components plus N-6 benzyladenine
(BA) (6.62 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2.26 μM) or thidiazuron (4.54–9.08 μM) and indole-3-acetic acid
(1.42 μM). Embryogenic calli transferred onto half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators developed globular
embryos, of which 20% matured when treated with 3.75% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG), and of these 50% fully differentiated into plantlet embryo. Regenerated plants were successfully
acclimatized (90%), while in vitro seedlings transferred to MS medium containing 0.5 mM Cd, Cr, Ni or Pb, exhibited high heavy
metals accumulation (627 mg Cr kg−1, 5,688 mg Cd kg−1, 1,148 mg Ni kg−1, and 3,037 mg Pb kg−1 dry weight) and efficient roots to shoots translocation (42–73%). 相似文献