新克痛宁术后镇痛效果观察

目的了解眼镜蛇毒制剂新克痛宁对术后镇痛效果。方法对７２例胫腓骨折病人,在连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉下行切开复位内固定术,术后随机分为４组（每组１８例）向硬膜外腔注药：Ａ组新克痛宁０．２５ＩＵ／ｋｇ;Ｂ组新克痛宁０．１２５ＩＵ／ｋｇ加０．５％利多卡因液１０ｍｌ;Ｃ组吗啡２ｍｇ;Ｄ组吗啡１ｍｇ加０．５％利多卡因液１０ｍｌ。结果镇痛持续时间Ａ、Ｂ组明显延长,Ａ与Ｂ组分别为（４１２±２８）ｍｉｎ,与Ｃ、Ｄ组比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。注药后３０～１２０ｍｉｎ,患肢足背皮肤温度,Ａ、Ｂ组亦高于Ｃ、Ｄ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且无不良反应。结论新克痛宁术后镇痛效果比吗啡好。     

用黄瓜花叶病毒卫星RNA生防制剂大面积防治麦茬辣椒病毒病

用黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）卫星ＲＮＡ生防制剂Ｓ＿（５２）免疫辣椒,能防治辣椒由ＣＭＶ引起的病毒病。用Ｓ＿（５２）免疫接种辣椒的大田对比试验,防效达５９．５－７１．０％,产量比对照增加２６．１－３２．２％,产值增加３３．５－４５．２％。小区对比试验,用Ｓ＿（５２）免疫接种５０天的辣椒,防效达７１．３－９２．９％,免疫接种８０天,防效达５５．９－７８．５％,产量比对照增加３６．０－６５．３％,产值增加４９．３－９３．５％,还有刺激生长,促进早熟和增强对真菌、细菌病害抵抗作用。     

中药与体内磁疗治疗胃肠道疾病60例疗效观察

目的：观察用中药与体内磁疗治疗胃肠道疾病的疗效。方法：口服给药法。治疗组60例（男26例,女34例,年龄最大63岁,最小17岁）用党参、白术、枳壳、白芍、鸡内金各12克,柴胡、川芎、神曲、甘草各9克,云苓15克,香附6克。水煎服,日一剂分2次服。同时配合用钡铁氧体、锶铁氧体或钐钴铈合金等稀土磁疗材料,用水洗净后压碎,研末,用水冲服1克,每日一次,6日为一疗程。对照组60例（男26例,女34例,年龄最大66岁,最小19岁）中药及疗程同治疗组,不配合体内磁疗。结果：两组总有效率分别为96．7％和71．7％。统计学处理治疗组疗效优于对照组,有显著意义（P＜0．05）。结论：采用口服中药和磁粉联合治疗胃肠道疾病,疗效高,无不良反应和副作用,使用简便为胃肠道疾病的治疗开拓了一个崭新的领域。     

几个水稻品种抽穗期主效基因与微效基因的定位研究

在构建２张ＲＦＬＰ图谱的基础上,定位分析了控制水稻抽穗期的主效基因和微效基因。在特三矮２号／Ｃ．Ｂ．群体中定位到２个主效基因和２个微效基因。该２个主基因分别位于第３、８染色体上,累加贡献率约达５０％,加性效应值分别为７天和６天,而分别位于第１、１２染色体的２个微效基因的贡献率仅分别为８．３％和９．６％,加性效应值仅为３天和４天。在外引２号／Ｃ．Ｂ．群体中定位了２个连锁于第６染色体的主效基因和１个位于第８染色体的微效基因,该２个主效基因的贡献率分别为３５．５％和２７．４％,来自外引２号的该２个基因其效应均为明显推迟抽穗,因而可推测它们为感光性基因,微效基因的贡献率仅为８．９％,基因效应值较小。     

克痛宁配合中药治疗坐骨神经痛182例分析

克痛宁是从眼镜蛇毒中提纯的神经毒素制剂,我科１９９０～１９９６年应用克痛宁配合中药治疗坐骨神经痛１８２例,疗效满意,现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料（１）年龄与性别：男８２例,女１００例,３０岁以下４２例,３１～５０岁１０２例,５１岁以上３８例。...     

卡铂,白介素—Ⅱ联合治疗癌性腹水29例体会

对２９例癌性腹水病例临床应用卡铂加白介素－Ⅱ腹腔内给药,总有效率为８９．６％,其中完全缓解３７．９％,部分缓解５７．７％,毒副作用主要表现为恶心,呕吐,厌食,低热,白细胞下降,皮疹,表明本疗法对癌性腹水疗效好,毒性低,值得临床推广。     

清栓酶治疗儿童脑动脉炎和脑血栓形成31例

用清栓酶治疗儿童脑动脉炎和脑血栓形成３１例,其中急性期２２例、恢复期５例、后遗症期４例,有效率分别为９Ｏ．９％、８０．０％和８７．１％．总有效率为８７．１％。脑动脉炎可导致血小板聚集性增高、血管闭塞和血栓形成,清栓酶可降低血小板聚集性,具有扩张血管,溶解血栓之作用,故可以使临床表现得以好转。     

经输卵管注药介入治疗慢性盆腔炎性疼痛及阻塞性不孕的路径探讨和疗效观察

目的为探索治疗慢性盆腔痛及不孕的理想方法,本文尝试通过输卵管注药介入治疗盆腔炎性后遗症等疼痛疾病及输卵管阻塞性不孕,观察其疗效并对输卵管这条自身路径进一步拓宽利用进行实践论证。方法应用NCI—I型数字化输卵管通液诊断治疗仪对56例盆腔炎性等疼痛、伴有不孕或计划妊娠的患者结合超声监测通液诊断,根据输卵管通畅程度分别给予盆腔注药或输卵管疏通后介入治疗。结果56例盆腔疼痛患者仅有19例输卵管通畅,37例输卵管阻塞（不全阻塞25例,11例不通）,占66．1％。治疗后通畅组盆腔疼痛消失16例,治愈率为84．2％;不全阻塞组疼痛减轻20例,好转率为76．9％,其中14例患者输卵管得以疏通;不通组45．5％（5／11）病情好转,输卵管疏通率为63。6％（7／11）;通畅组疼痛治愈率明显高于不全阻塞和不通组（P〈0．05）。盆腔炎性疼痛治愈率和输卵管疏通率分别为45．5％和82．4％,内异症等疼痛组为13．0％和65.0％,后者虽不及前者理想（P〈0．05）,但确有60．9％患者疼痛好转。本文输卵管阻塞疏通率为72．9％,慢性盆腔疼痛治疗有效率达87．5％。结论输卵管是一条与生俱来的自身生理通道,可拓宽利用诊治盆腔疾病。NCI—I型数字化输卵管通液诊断治疗仪盆腔注药介入治疗是一种准确易行、安全无创、科学有效的诊治盆腔炎性等疾病的方法。实践证明,疏通这条路径不仅在阻塞性输卵管不孕方面起到了至关重要的临床作用,对治疗盆腔炎性后遗症等慢性盆腔疼痛疾病也有较高的研究价值,值得进一步探索和应用,并有广阔的前景和发展空间。     

新标准“注射用克痛宁”临床应用镇痛效果观察

目的　评估按国家药品生物制品检定所修订的国家标准生产的“注射用克痛宁” (电泳纯和免疫纯 )的临床应用效果及毒副作用。方法　各种中、重度急慢性疼痛患者 92例 ,肌肉注射给药 ,70 μg/次 ,70～ 1 40 μg/天。慢性疼痛病例一般按疗程用药 ,每疗程 5天 ,急性疼痛病例及部分慢性疼痛病例疼痛消失即停药。以病人曾用过的镇痛药疗效作为历史对照。结果　总有效率 96 .7% ,总显效率 82 .6 % ,首支总有效率 93.5 %。对癌痛组的首支有效率稍低 ,为 84 .2 %。一般在肌注后 30～ 6 0 min起效 ;对急性疼痛疗效可持续 6～ 1 0 h,对慢性疼痛大多可持续 1 2 h或 2 4 h以上。对阿片类药物成瘾患者也有良好效果。少数病人出现轻度口干、恶心、头晕等不良反应。结论　新标准“注射用克痛宁”对各种急慢性疼痛均有良好的镇痛效果 ,起效快、镇痛作用强而持久、不成瘾、毒副作用小 ,且具有潜在的戒毒作用。优于原地方标准的“克痛宁”。     

对70例急性心肌梗塞行清栓酶静脉给药的溶栓效果分析

用清栓酶静脉给药对７０例急性心肌梗塞病人持续进行２４ｈ溶栓疗法,再通率为８８．５７％;发病６ｈ内接受溶栓者,再通率为９３．９％,发病１２ｈ～２４ｈ接受溶栓者,再通率为３３．３％,二者有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）;阐述了清栓酶溶栓的疗效机理,认为这是目前最理想的溶栓剂     

THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC BREAST CANCER IN BONE

The author report clinical experience with 212 cases of mammary cancer metastatic to bone, in 186 of which radiotherapy was given, and in 26 steroid hormone therapy.At least 70 per cent of patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer were relieved of pain by adequate roentgen therapy, the relief lasting for most of the survival time in many instances.About 25 per cent of patients had recalcification or reossification of bony lesions with roentgen therapy; while dramatic, this is not always an indication that relief of pain will continue or that survival time will be lengthened.If and when adequate radiotherapy has not been effective or cannot be administered (for example, in a patient with extremely widespread metastasis, or one residing at a considerable distance from radiotherapeutic service) steroid hormone therapy in adequate dosage is frequently beneficial. From 40 per cent to 75 per cent of patients with bone metastases from breast cancer are relieved of pain by steroid hormone therapy. In about 15 per cent of cases recalcification of the lesion occurs.Effective roentgen therapy may usually be given in a relatively brief period of time (one to two weeks). Effective steroid hormone therapy usually requires from 12 to 24 weeks.Complications of steroid hormone therapy are numerous. Some patients are made considerably worse by such therapy. These complications may only be controlled by reduction or discontinuation of the hormones. For this reason, it is recommended that irradiation always be used as the initial method of palliation.     

CRYSTALLINE TRYPSIN : V. KINETICS OF THE DIGESTION OF PROTEINS WITH CRUDE AND CRYSTALLINE TRYPSIN

The rate of digestion, as determined by the increase in non-protein nitrogen or formol titration, of casein, gelatin, and hemoglobin with crystalline trypsin preparations increases nearly in proportion to the concentration of protein, but with crude pancreatic extract the rate of digestion becomes independent of the protein concentration in concentrations of more than 2.5 per cent. With both enzymes the rate of digestion of mixtures of 5 per cent casein and gelatin is greater than would be expected from the point of view of a compound between enzyme and substrate. The rate of digestion of 5 per cent casein in the presence of 5 per cent gelatin is exactly the same as that of 5 per cent casein alone. This result is obtained with both enzymes. The digestion of casein with crude trypsin follows the course of a monomolecular reaction quite closely while with purified trypsin the velocity constant decreases as the reaction proceeds. In the case of hemoglobin the monomolecular velocity constant decreases with both purified and crude enzyme. When the reaction is followed by changes in the viscosity of the solution the abnormal effect of changing substrate concentration disappears and the reaction is in fair agreement with the monomolecular equation. The results as a whole indicate that the abnormalities of the reaction are due to the occurrence of several consecutive reactions rather than to the formation of a substrate enzyme compound.     

Site of OH radical attack on dihydrouracil and some of its methyl derivatives

The site of attack of OH radicals on dihydrouracil and five of its methylated derivatives was determined by pulse radiolysis using N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) to detect oxidizing radicals and tetranitromethane (TNM) as well as K3Fe(CN)6 to detect reducing radicals. In the case of dihydrouracil OH radicals abstract preferentially an H atom at C(6) to give the 6-yl radical (greater than or equal to 90 per cent) which at pH approximately 6.5 reduces TNM and K3Fe(CN)6 at almost diffusion-controlled rates. Only a small fraction of OH radicals abstract the H atom at C(5) (less than or equal to 10 per cent). The resulting 5-yl radical oxidizes TMPD to TMPD+ at pH 7-8. With the methylated derivatives of dihydrouracil, OH radicals react less selectively, especially in the case of N(1)-methyl derivatives. This methyl group is activated to a similar degree as the methylene group at C(6). In 1-Medihydrouracil the yield of N(1)-CH2 radicals is about 29 per cent, which has been deduced from the yield of formaldehyde formed after oxidation of this radical by TNM at pH approximately 6.5 and the subsequent hydrolysis. Radicals at the other methyl substituents are generated to a lesser extent (less than or equal to 10 per cent) and are relatively unreactive towards oxidizing agents such as TNM and K3Fe(CN)6 as well as towards the reducing agent TMPD. Although methyl substitution opens new routes for OH attack the preferred site of H abstraction remains C(6) (greater than 60 per cent).     

MOLECULAR ASSOCIATION OF HEMOCYANIN PRODUCED BY X-RAYS AS OBSERVED IN THE ULTRACENTRIFUGE

1. When normal, monodisperse hemocyanin (60.5S) from Limulus Rolyphemus was irradiated in neutral buffer with x-rays, several new, more rapidly sedimenting ultracentrifugal components (86S, 107S, 122S) were produced, with a corresponding loss in the amount of the unaffected protein. The amount of the effect was roughly proportional to the amount of irradiation. 2. The new resolvable components apparently represented an association of the primary particles into aggregates of 2, 3, and 4 primary particles respectively. 3. The proportional amount of hemocyanin affected decreased almost to the vanishing point as the concentration of the protein was raised to high levels. 4. The absolute effect, i.e. the total number of particles affected in a given volume, increased with the concentration of hemocyanin, at least for concentrations below 15 per cent. 5. The presence of 33 per cent horse serum during irradiation inhibited the effect on the hemocyanin almost completely, with hemocyanin concentrations of both 0.8 and 14 per cent. 6. The presence of 2.8 per cent egg albumin during irradiation lowered the effect by about 70 per cent in the case of dilute preparations (0.8 per cent hemocyanin), but by only about 25 per cent in the case of 14 per cent solutions. 7. A lowering of the solution''s oxygen tension during irradiation enhanced the effect, almost doubling it in some cases. 8. The probable theoretical significance of these and other observations are discussed in the text.     

RESPIRATORY EFFECTS UPON THE VISUAL THRESHOLD

Measurements are reported of the effects of respiratory stresses upon the absolute threshold of peripheral (rod) vision. Since subjects were kept wholly dark adapted and the photochemical system of the rods therefore stationary, the changes recorded may be assumed to have originated more centrally. To this degree the measurements provide a quantitative index of central nervous imbalance. Breathing room air or 32 to 36 per cent oxygen at about double the normal rate causes the visual threshold to fall to approximately half the normal value within 5 to 10 minutes. This change is due primarily to alkalosis induced by the hyperventilation, and can be abolished or reversed by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired mixtures. Normal or rapid breathing of 2 per cent carbon dioxide causes no change in threshold; with 5 per cent carbon dioxide the threshold is approximately doubled. Breathing 10 per cent oxygen at the normal rate also approximately doubles the threshold. This effect is compensated in part by rapid breathing. When 10 per cent oxygen is breathed at twice the normal rate the threshold usually falls at first, then slowly rises to supernormal levels. Due primarily to variations in their breathing patterns subjects yield characteristically different responses on sudden exposure to low oxygen tensions with breathing uncontrolled. The threshold may either rise or fall; and on release from anoxia it may rise, or fall to normal or subnormal levels. The threshold adjusts to anoxia rapidly; exposures lasting 5 to 6 hours do not produce greater or more persistent changes than those of much shorter duration.     

Carminomycin study in breast cancer]

Karminomycin was used for the treatment of cases with disseminated cancer of the mammary gland in doses of 5 mg/m2 of the body surface intravenously every day for 5 days (15 patients) or 6 mg/m2 twice a week for 2-3 weeks (30 patients). Partial remission or diminution of the tumor size at least by 50 per cent was observed in 26 and 17 per cent of the patients respectively. The remission duration was from 2 to 6 months. With the use of the shortperiod scheme the frequency of the direct side reactions increased. Leucopenia as a side effect was registered in 100 and 40 per cent of the patients and thrombocytopenia was registered in 18 and 3 per cent of the cases respectively.     

An Examination of the Factors affecting Variability in the Growth of the Mesocotyl and Coleoptile of Etiolated Avena Seedlings

Experiments were carried out on the effect of rate of air-flowand of humidity on the growth of Avena seedlings. The experimentalmethods used are described in some detail. The effect of air-flow on mesocoryl growth was considerablewhen unsaturated air was used, but with saturated air growthwas independent of air-flow. The effect must therefore be dueto variation in transpiration rate. A 10 per cent, variationin relative humidity, at a constant rate of flow, caused a 30per cent, variation in mesocotyl length. The coleoptiles showedless pronounced effects, but even in saturated air variabilitywas not eliminated. Under the conditions used a difference of 2·3 mm. inmesocotyl length (per 50 plants), i.e. 8 per cent., was significantat P = 0·05; for the coleoptiles a difference of 1 mm.(8 per cent.) was significant at this level.     

The Effects of Shading on the Yield Components of Six 'Leafless' Pea Genotypes

The effect of unshaded, 30 and 80 per cent shade conditionson the growth rate and yield composition of six ‘leafless’pea (afaf: stst) genotypes has been determined. No evidencefor a photoassimilate source limitation was found in the unshadedand 30 per cent shade treatments, but 80 per cent shade significantlyreduced the yield and the rate of d. wt and node productionof all the genotypes. Yield development was followed in each environment by determiningthe number of flowering nodes, the number of flowers producedper node, the pod number per node and the seed number per pod.The theoretical maximum for each of these yield components wasdetermined and compared with the actual level realized by theplant. Approximately 50 per cent of the theoretical potentialof each yield component was realized and this appeared to beindependent of the shade treatment. This stepwise reductionin potential yield throughout the development of the plant wassimilar to that reported for conventional pea plants. Pisum sativumL, ‘leafless’ peas, shading, growth rate, yield'components, source limitation     

Modification by cystamine of radiation-induced free radical damage to biomolecules in tissues of mouse organs

The method of low-temperature ESR-spectroscopy was used to study a modifying effect of cystamine on the yield of radiation-induced free radicals in different biomolecules of liver and spleen tissues of mice. Intraperitoneal administration of cystamine (150 mg/kg) 15 min before isolation and freezing of the tissues was shown to reduce by 11 per cent the yield of radicals of H-adducts of thymine DNA bases, to decrease by 23 per cent the yield of radicals of triacyglycerol and phospholipid radiolysis, and to increase by 24 per cent the yield of radicals of lipid fatty acid residues in splenic tissue. According to the criterion used, cystamine has no modifying action on the yield of free-radical damages to liver biomolecules.     

VAGINAL SMEARS—A Plea for More Critical Evaluation

To determine whether a conscious effort to reduce the incidence of equivocal (Class III) vaginal cytologic smear readings might have demonstrable clinical value, we have compared a previous study of our predictive efforts with a recent experience in screening a similar number of patients.It was possible to achieve an appreciable reduction in the incidence of Class III smears—from 2.4 per cent to 0.6 per cent. There was a modest increase in the reliability of the Class III smear as an indicator of cancer and a very notable increase in the reliability of the Class IV and V interpretations. While only 66 per cent of the earlier group with Class IV and V smears were shown to have cancer, 86 per cent of the present series with IV and V readings had malignant disease (97 per cent of the Class V group).The ultimate yield of malignancies was similar in the two series, but theoretically the overloading of Classes III, IV and V with women who do not actually have cancer necessarily leads to large numbers of diagnostic surgical procedures that might be avoided. Class III should be used to denote merely a temporary state of inconclusiveness rather than a real suspicion of cancer. With proper collaboration between physician and cytologist, most of the initially confusing situations can be either upgraded or downgraded to the proper rating, and eventually the bulk of patients standing to profit from conization will fall into Classes IV or V.