围手术期健康教育对全肺切除术后患者生存质量的影响

目的:探讨围手术期有效健康教育对患者全肺切除术后长期生活质量(QOL)的影响。方法:随机将100例全肺切除术后患者分为二组,分别采取对患者及家属有效健康教育干预和无干预措施,采用欧洲癌症治疗与研究组织癌症生存量表核心量表(EORTC QLQ-C30,简称QLQ-C30)中文版评估病人的生活质量,对术前及术后1,3,6和12个月的QLQ-C30得分与参考值进行比较。结果:1)两组患者术后长期生活质量中的功能得分无统计学差异(P0.05);2)症状方面,术后呼吸困难,疼痛明显加重;术后第6个月疲乏及经济困难明显加重;术后第12个月起,经济困难状况好转,较术前无明显差异(P0.05);3)无干预组与有效健康教育组在体力功能、角色功能、情绪功能及总体状况方面有统计学差异(P0.05);4)在术后,无干预组在疲劳和呼吸困难方面的QLQ-C30得分比有效健康教育组的低,且有统计学差异(P0.05),但是在12月之后直至病人基本恢复与有效健康教育组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:围手术期实施有效健康教育,可使全肺切除患者术后生活质量明显提高;比较两种护理措施术后生活质量,有效健康教育组较无干预组患者功能恢复较快,自觉不良症状更少。     

认知行为干预对晚期癌症疼痛患者影响的临床研究

目的:探讨在临床晚期癌性疼痛患者中,应用认知行为干预的方法,减轻癌痛、改善患者生活质量的可行性。方法:搜集2010年1月至2012年11月间,于哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院肿瘤内科收治的晚期癌症患者238例,包括晚期的肺癌64例、乳腺癌36例、胃癌33例、肝癌29例、食管癌21例、大肠癌19例、胰腺癌14例、甲状腺癌13例、鼻咽癌6例、骨肉瘤3例,其中发生癌性疼痛的患者214例,肺癌58例、乳腺癌34例、胃癌31例、肝癌28例、食管癌18例、大肠癌17例、胰腺癌13例、甲状腺癌9例、鼻咽癌3例、骨肉瘤1例。对晚期癌症伴发癌痛的患者利用行认知行为干预治疗进行治疗干预,30d为治疗周期,治疗后对晚期癌症患者的生活质量(KPS评分)、癌痛的缓解率的影响。结果:在晚期癌症伴癌痛的患者中,利用认知行为干预后,癌痛总的缓解率为55.6%,其中部分缓解(1~3级)所占比例为49.5%,完全缓解(4级)所占比例为6.1%;在不同级别的疼痛(轻~重)中,程度较轻的疼痛缓解率较高(93.2%),程度为中等的疼痛缓解率为67.3%,而重度疼痛缓解率较低(16.7%);在KPS评分中,238例患者治疗后评分提高率占67.2%;在生活质量评分改善的患者占69.4%。结论:在晚期癌症伴癌痛的患者中,利用认知行为干预的疗法可以对疼痛程度在轻~中度的癌痛有较好的控制作用,并且对患者的生活质量有提高作用。     

中晚期癌痛患者PCEA的应用和护理

癌痛是中晚期癌症患者较普遍存在的问题,不少癌症病人可以坦然面对死亡,但无法忍受痛苦的折磨.据统计,30%～50%的癌症患者伴有不同程度的疼痛;在有癌症疼痛的患者中,50%有中等程度或剧烈的疼痛.为了提高癌症病人的生活质量、缓解症状、降低痛苦程度,在病人生命的最后阶段能够有尊严的度过,本院利用硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)进行镇痛,取得了良好的效果.现就临床效果和护理作一简要总结.     

疼痛患者的焦虑抑郁和患病行为的关系研究

目的:探讨不同疼痛患者的焦虑、抑郁和患病行为的关系,为疼痛患者临床心理诊断及心理干预提供必要的参考依据.方法:采用多中心合作的方式,抽取北京、西安、重庆等10家医疗单位的513例疼痛患者进行门诊问卷调查,采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和患病行为问卷(IBQ)分别进行测量,对不同疾病种类疼痛患者焦虑、抑郁症状差异和患病行为的差异进行比较,并对焦虑、抑郁和患病行为各维度进行相关和多元逐步回归分析.结果:(1)不同疾病种类疼痛患者HADS总分差异有显著性(F=3.20,P＜0.05),其中焦虑因子得分差异无统计学意义(F=1.28,P＞0.05),抑郁因子得分差异有统计学意义(F=4.45,P＜0.01),癌症患者得分[(9.67±4.70)分]显著高于其他疾病种类;不同疾病种类疼痛患者IBQ总分差异有显著性(F=5.44,P＜0.01),其中负性情绪因子得分(F=3.11,P＜0.05)和患病角色因子得分(F=9.28,P＜0.01)差异有统计学意义,癌症患者得分最高[分别为(9.50±3.68)分和(8.10±1.82)分],显著高于其他疾病种类,行为反应因子得分差异无统计学意义(F=0.80,P＞0.05);(2)负性情绪和行为反应因子均与焦虑和抑郁因子呈显著正相关(rmax=0.517,P＜0.01;rmin=0.305,P＜0.05),多元逐步回归分析发现:焦虑和抑郁的首要影响因素为行为反应因子(分别为Beta=0.323和Beta=0.368),患病角色在抑郁维度上未进入回归方程.结论:不同疾病种类疼痛患者焦虑、抑郁和患病行为存在差异,患病行为对疼痛患者焦虑及抑郁症状具有正向预测作用.     

浅谈癌症疼痛的临床护理

本文探讨了肿瘤患者疼痛的有效护理措施。对癌症疼痛患者加强非药物止痛、药物止痛护理,心理护理以及控制疼痛的用药指导做了论述。指出加强癌症患者的心理护理及药物指导能有效的控制癌症疼痛,更好的配合治疗。     

哈尔滨医科大学附属第二临床医学院风湿免疫科

目的:本研究旨在探讨实施护理干预对类风湿性关节炎患者疼痛的影响。方法:选取我院2010年1月--2011年6月风湿免疫科收治的300例类风湿性关节炎患者为研究对象,将300例患者随机分为两组,对照组与干预组,每组150例患者。对照组实施常规护理措施;干预组在常规护理的基础上,侧重对患者的心理护理及康复指导等。分别于入院时及入院15d对两组患者使用11点疼痛数字等级量表(PI-NRS)对患者的疼痛程度进行评估。结果:患者入院15d后,对两组使用11点疼痛数字等级量表(PI-NRS)对患者的疼痛程度进行评估。统计结果显示,对照组与干预组间存在差异,P<0.05,有统计学意义,即干预组好于对照组。结论:实施护理干预对类风湿性关节炎患者的疼痛治疗有积极明显的作用,有效的心理护理及康复指导可以促进患者的康复。     

肿瘤患者不良心理反应的原因及护理

据资料统计我国每年约增加200万癌症患者,约有140万患者死亡,癌症死亡已占死因第一位、第二位。由于癌症患者中50％伴有中度或重度疼痛,其中约有1／3的人伴有难以忍受的疼痛,而且相当部分的患者在前期治疗花费了大量的金钱、精力和时间,陷入了疼痛、贫困的绝望境地。如果得不到及时的社会关爱,会有许多病人会出现紧张、恐惧、抑郁、焦虑、绝望等不良心理反应。因此,随着医学科学的发展,癌症病人的生存时间越来越长,控制癌症疼痛,做好有效的心理护理能改善病人的焦虑和抑郁情绪,是提高心理健康水平和生存质量的关键。现将在心理护理工作中的体会报告如下。     

五行音乐疗法应用于癌症患者的研究进展

中医五行音乐疗法属于音乐治疗范畴。近年来,多位学者通过研究五行音乐应用于癌症患者五行音乐中的干预作用及其作用机制,结果表明五行音乐疗法在对调节情志、减轻症状困扰、提高免疫功能方面都有一定的临床效果,可改善肿瘤化疗患者、晚期肿瘤患者的生活质量,其对调节癌症患者情志,减轻焦虑、抑郁方面的效果颇为明显,但其对肿瘤患者生存质量和负性情绪疗效的研究报告尚缺乏全面评价,今后有待于进一步增强证据强度,推进其科学、规范化发展。     

老年肺癌患者化疗期间抑郁情况调查及相关因素分析

目的:调查老年肺癌患者化疗期间抑郁情况及分析其相关因素。方法:选取2012年1月至2016年12月在我院化疗的老年肺癌患者300例,调查统计患者的基本信息资料,采用Zung氏自评抑郁量表(SDS)评价患者的抑郁情况,统计患者抑郁情况的调查结果,并采用Logistic回归分析影响老年肺癌患者抑郁的相关因素。结果:300例老年肺癌的患者当中,在化疗期间有抑郁者164例,占54.67%。其中59例是轻度抑郁,占35.98%;90例是中度抑郁,占54.88%;15例是重度抑郁,占9.15%。单因素分析显示,老年肺癌患者抑郁发生率与年龄、收入水平、TNM分期及有无癌症转移有关(均P0.05),与性别、文化程度、癌症分型无关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示影响老年肺癌患者抑郁的相关因素有年龄≥70岁、收入水平3000元/月、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期以及癌症转移(P0.05)。结论:老年肺癌患者在化疗期间较容易出现抑郁症状,临床上应加以重视,年龄≥70岁、收入水平3000元/月、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期以及癌症转移是影响老年肺癌患者抑郁的相关因素,针对相关因素应尽早采取相应的干预措施,从而有利于改善患者的负性心理情绪。     

认知心理干预对改善鼻内镜术后疼痛的影响

目的探讨认知心理干预对改善鼻内镜术后疼痛的影响,为临床护理工作提供理论依据。方法选取120例鼻内镜患者,随机分为对照组和干预组各60例。对照组采用围手术期常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上对患者进行认知心理干预,比较两组患者术后疼痛评分。结果对照组的疼痛评分明显高于干预组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论认知心理干预可改变患者的错误认知,降低术后并发症的发生率,提高患者的生活质量。     

Impact of an Educational Intervention on Women's Knowledge and Acceptability of Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Cameroon

ObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling (Self-HPV) may be used as a primary cervical cancer screening method in a low resource setting. Our aim was to evaluate whether an educational intervention would improve women''s knowledge and confidence in the Self-HPV method.MethodWomen aged between 25 and 65 years old, eligible for cervical cancer screening, were randomly chosen to receive standard information (control group) or standard information followed by educational intervention (interventional group). Standard information included explanations about what the test detects (HPV), the link between HPV and cervical cancer and how to perform HPV self-sampling. The educational intervention consisted of a culturally tailored video about HPV, cervical cancer, Self-HPV and its relevancy as a screening test. All participants completed a questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic data, women''s knowledge about cervical cancer and acceptability of Self-HPV.ResultsA total of 302 women were enrolled in 4 health care centers in Yaoundé and the surrounding countryside. 301 women (149 in the “control group” and 152 in the “intervention group”) completed the full process and were included into the analysis. Participants who received the educational intervention had a significantly higher knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer than the control group (p<0.05), but no significant difference on Self-HPV acceptability and confidence in the method was noticed between the two groups.ConclusionEducational intervention promotes an increase in knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer. Further investigation should be conducted to determine if this intervention can be sustained beyond the short term and influences screening behavior.

Trials Registration

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Register ISRCTN78123709     

肝癌疼痛与血浆VEGF、BDNF、FGF-2水平的相关性研究

目的:研究肝癌疼痛与血浆血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、纤维细胞生长因子-2(FGF-2)水平的相关性。方法:选择我院2018年10月～2019年7月收治的30例肝癌疼痛患者作为研究对象,依据疼痛程度分为4例轻度疼痛组、19例中度疼痛组、7例重度疼痛组,同期纳入30例肝癌无痛患者和30例健康对照组,比较各组血浆VEGF、BDNF和FGF-2水平,并分析肝癌疼痛患者血浆VEGF、BDNF和FGF-2水平和数字评分法(NRS)评分的相关性。结果:肝癌疼痛组血浆VEGF、BDNF、FGF-2水平显著高于肝癌无痛组及对照组(P0.05)。重度疼痛组血浆VEGF、BDNF、FGF-2水平显著高于中度疼痛组及轻度疼痛组(P0.05)。治疗后,肝癌疼痛患者血浆VEGF、BDNF、FGF-2水平显著低于治疗前(P0.05)。肝癌疼痛患者血浆VEGF、BDNF、FGF-2水平和NRS评分呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.619、0.571、0.563,P值均0.001)。结论:肝癌疼痛患者血浆VEGF、BDNF和FGF-2水平较肝癌无痛者明显上升,且和疼痛程度显著相关。     

基于加速康复外科理念的早期康复训练联合八段锦前四式在乳腺癌改良根治术后患者中的应用效果研究

摘要 目的：研究基于加速康复外科（ERAS）理念的早期康复训练联合八段锦前四式在乳腺癌改良根治术后患者中的应用效果。方法：选择2019年9月~2022年5月期间在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院行乳腺癌改良根治术的128例乳腺癌患者。按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（基于ERAS理念的早期康复训练,n=64）和研究组（对照组的基础上接受八段锦前四式干预,n=64）。对比两组抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、健康调查简表（SF-36）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和肩关节活动度。结果：与对照组相比,研究组干预后SDS、SAS评分更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组情感/生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会/生理功能、活力、总体/精神健康评分更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组干预后VAS评分更低,Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组干预后前屈、后伸、外展关节活动度更大（P<0.05）。结论：基于ERAS的早期康复训练联合八段锦前四式应用于乳腺癌改良根治术后患者,可提高患者的生活质量,可能与缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,减轻术后疼痛,促进肩关节功能恢复有关。     

空气压力波联合等速肌力训练对乳腺癌改良根治术后康复效果的影响研究

摘要 目的：观察空气压力波联合等速肌力训练对乳腺癌改良根治术后康复效果。方法：选取湖南中医药大学第一附属医院于2021年1月-2022年12月期间收治的160例行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者,采用双色球法分为对照组（等速肌力训练联合常规干预）和研究组（空气压力波联合等速肌力训练和常规干预）,每组例数为80例。比较两组淋巴水肿发生率、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、Constant-Murley肩关节评分、关节活动度（ROM）和三角肌下缘、肘上、肘下、腕上的周径,同时观察两组生活质量变化情况。结果：研究组的淋巴水肿发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,研究组VAS低于对照组,Constant-Murley肩关节评分和ROM高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,研究组三角肌下缘、肘上、肘下、腕上的周径小于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,研究组生理职能（RP）、情感职能（RE）、社会功能（SF）、生理功能（PF）、总体健康（GH）、活力（VT）、躯体疼痛（BP）及精神健康（MH）评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术后康复采用等速肌力训练联合空气压力波干预,可减轻患者术后疼痛,缩小上肢周径,降低淋巴水肿的发生率,促进患者肩关节功能和生活质量改善。     

Randomised trial of personalised computer based information for patients with schizophrenia

ObjectivesTo compare use, effect, and cost of personalised computer education with community psychiatric nurse education for patients with schizophrenia.DesignRandomised trial of three interventions. Modelling of costs of alternatives.Participants112 patients with schizophrenia in contact with community services; 67 completed the intervention.InterventionsThree interventions of five educational sessions: (a) computer intervention combining information from patient''s medical record with general information about schizophrenia; (b) sessions with a community psychiatric nurse; (c) “combination” (first and last sessions with nurse and remainder with computer).ResultsRates of completion of intervention did not differ significantly (71% for combination intervention, 61% for computer only, 46% for nurse only). Computer sessions were shorter than sessions with nurse (14 minutes v 60 minutes). More patients given nurse based education thought the information relevant. Of 20 patients in combination group, 13 preferred the sessions with the nurse and seven preferred the computer. There were no significant differences between groups in psychological outcomes. Because of the need to transport patients to the computer for their sessions, there was no difference between interventions in costs, but computer sessions combined with other patient contacts would be substantially cheaper.ConclusionsThe computer based patient education offered no advantage over sessions with a community psychiatric nurse. Investigation of computer use combined with other health service contacts would be worth while.

What is already known on this topic

Education of patients with schizophrenia has limited but positive outcomesComputer based approaches have not been thoroughly evaluated

What this study adds

A computer based method of education for patients with schizophrenia, which personalised the information with details from each patient''s medical record, was acceptable and as effective as educational sessions given by a community psychiatric nurseHowever, because of the need to provide transport for patients to attend their sessions, the computer based intervention was as costly as the nurse based oneInvestigating the addition of computer based education to other routine patient contacts would be worthwhile     

Rational targeting of population groups and residential areas for colorectal cancer screening

BackgroundSociodemographic and spatial disparities in incidence and mortality burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) are important to consider in the implementation of population screening, in order to achieve expected benefit and not increase health inequities. Analytic methods should be adapted to provide rational support for targeted interventions.MethodsCRC incidence rates by tumor stage (I-IV) and location (colon vs. rectum) were analyzed for the time period 2008–2016 within a screening-relevant age interval of 55–74 years for the population of South and West Sweden, where screening is planned for. The study population was stratified by sex, country of birth, educational level (for Swedish-born citizens) and residential area. We also estimated disparities in excess mortality from CRC across groups of patients accordant to relevant population groups.ResultsThe analyses were based on 8961 patients with a first CRC diagnosis. There were marked socioeconomic gradients in the stage II-IV CRC incidence rates among Swedish-born men and women. Compared to men with high educational level, the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of stage II, III, and IV CRC in men with low educational level were 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.18, 1.62), 1.09 (0.95, 1.26), and 1.18 (1.02, 1.37), respectively. In women, the corresponding figures were 1.26 (1.06, 1.51), 1.19 (1.01, 1.39), and 1.45 (1.20, 1.80). The groups of patients with low educational level showed relatively high excess mortality burdens from CRC.ConclusionsOur analytic approach provided rational support for targeted intervention when implementing CRC screening, aiming at optimizing participation in groups with low educational level.     

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cervical,breast, and colorectal cancer screening participation among women in Japan, 2010–2019

BackgroundIt is known that socioeconomic status (SES) influences the outcome of cancer treatment and this could partly be explained by decreased use of cancer screening services by people of lower SES. Many studies have indicated that low SES, including low educational attainment or unstable employment, was related to nonparticipation in cancer screening. However, studies investigating trends in SES inequalities within cancer screening participation are limited. Our objective was to examine trends in SES inequalities in cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening participation among women in Japan between 2010 and 2019.MethodsWe analyzed 189,442, 168,571, 163,341, and 150,828 women in 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019 respectively, using nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The main outcome variables are participation in each cancer screening. We used educational attainment and employment status as measures for SES. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, marital status, educational attainment, and employment status was performed to evaluate the associations between SES and nonparticipation in each cancer screening.ResultsOverall participation rates in each cancer screening increased between 2010 and 2019. Low educational attainment and non-permanent employment status were related to nonparticipation in each cancer screening and inequality according to employment status increased within each screening participation during the study period. For example, dispatched workers were more likely to not participate in cervical cancer screening than permanent workers: in 2010, [aOR 1.11 95 %CI: 1.01 –1.21], and in 2019, [aOR 1.46 95 %CI: 1.34–1.60]. The inequality was greatest in colorectal cancer screening nonparticipation, followed by breast and cervical screening.ConclusionsAlthough the participation rates in each cancer screening have increased, inequality in participation in terms of employment status widened among women in Japan between 2010 and 2019. Reducing inequalities in cancer screening participation is essential for cancer screening intervention policies.     

Improving the health behaviours of elderly people: randomised controlled trial of a general practice education programme

ObjectivesTo establish the effect of an educational intervention for general practitioners on the health behaviours and wellbeing of elderly patients.DesignRandomised controlled trial with 1 year follow up.SettingMetropolitan general practices in Melbourne, Australia.Subjects42 general practitioners and 267 of their patients aged over 65 years.InterventionEducational and clinical practice audit programme for general practitioners on health promotion for elderly people.ResultsPatients in the intervention group had increased (a) walking by an average of 88 minutes per fortnight, (b) frequency of pleasurable activities, and (c) self rated health compared with the control group. No change was seen in drug usage, rate of influenza vaccination, functional status, or psychological wellbeing as a result of the intervention. Extrapolations of the known effect of these changes in behaviour suggest mortality could be reduced by 22% if activity was sustained for 5 years.ConclusionsEducation of the general practitioners had a positive effect on health outcomes of their elderly patients. General practitioners may have considerable public health impact in promotion of health for elderly patients.

Key messages

• Few educational interventions for doctors have shown benefit to the health of patients
• Elderly people were identified in the UK health initiatives as in need of additional attention, and levels of health protective behaviours were low in community surveys
• A multifaceted educational intervention for general practitioners was effective in improving walking behaviour, self rated health status, and the frequency of social contacts in elderly patients
• General practitioners are effective in improving health and health behaviours in their elderly patients

     

Misunderstandings in prescribing decisions in general practice: qualitative study

ObjectivesTo identify and describe misunderstandings between patients and doctors associated with prescribing decisions in general practice.DesignQualitative study.Setting20 general practices in the West Midlands and south east England.Participants20 general practitioners and 35 consulting patients.Results14 categories of misunderstanding were identified relating to patient information unknown to the doctor, doctor information unknown to the patient, conflicting information, disagreement about attribution of side effects, failure of communication about doctor''s decision, and relationship factors. All the misunderstandings were associated with lack of patients'' participation in the consultation in terms of the voicing of expectations and preferences or the voicing of responses to doctors'' decisions and actions. They were all associated with potential or actual adverse outcomes such as non-adherence to treatment. Many were based on inaccurate guesses and assumptions. In particular doctors seemed unaware of the relevance of patients'' ideas about medicines for successful prescribing.ConclusionsPatients'' participation in the consultation and the adverse consequences of lack of participation are important. The authors are developing an educational intervention that builds on these findings.     

Cognitive Coping Style and the Effectiveness of Distraction or Sensation-Focused Instructions in Chronic Pain Patients

AimThis study set out to investigate whether cognitive coping strategies that match participants’ preferred coping style effectively reduce pain intensity and situational anxiety in a population of people with chronic pain.MethodChronic pain patients (N = 43) completed questionnaires on coping style, pain intensity, self-efficacy, and situational/trait anxiety. Participants were classified as Monitors (n = 16) or Blunters (n = 19) based on their Miller Behavioural Style Scale score. Participants were then provided with an audiotaped intervention in which they were instructed to focus on pain sensations or to engage in a distraction task and then to rate the pain intensity and their anxiety during and after the attentional focus and distraction conditions. The two interventions were each completed by all participants, having been presented in counterbalanced order.ResultsFindings revealed that Monitors’ level of anxiety decreased following a congruent (i.e., sensation-focused) intervention. No effects were obtained in terms of perceived pain. For blunters, however, their perceived levels of anxiety and pain did not attenuate following a congruent, distraction-focused intervention.ConclusionAmong persons experiencing chronic pain, tailoring coping strategies to match an individual’s preferred coping style–in particular, those with a high level of monitoring–may enhance the benefit of psychological approaches to management of anxiety.