肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者临床特点及预后相关因素

目的探讨肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者的病原菌分布、临床特点、病死率及其28 d预后相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年1月于浙江大学附属第一医院住院的276例肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者的临床资料,应用多元Logistic回归模型分析感染耐药肠杆菌科细菌的相关危险因素。根据感染28 d预后情况将患者分为存活组和病死组,采用Cox回归分析影响患者28 d预后的相关因素。结果276例患者共分离出290株肠杆菌科细菌,主要包括大肠埃希菌(35.2%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(44.5%),其中多重耐药菌(MDR)感染占25.5%。多元Logistic分析显示近期使用抗菌药物(OR=2.120,95% CI:1.204~3.731,P=0.009)、上消化道出血(OR=2.864,95% CI:1.209~6.784,P=0.017)是发生耐药菌感染的独立危险因素。Cox回归分析显示CLIFOF(HR=1.505,95% CI:1.301~1.742,P<0.001)、肾衰竭(HR=1.925,95% CI:1.107~3.347,P=0.020)、脑衰竭(HR=2.431,95% CI:1.248~4.736,P=0.009)和凝血功能衰竭(HR=2.724,95% CI:1.544~4.805,P=0.001)是影响肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者预后的独立危险因素。结论肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者病原菌以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主。近期使用抗菌药物和上消化道出血可显著增加肝硬化患者发生多重耐药肠杆菌科细菌感染的风险。高CLIFOF评分、肾衰竭、脑衰竭和凝血功能衰竭可显著增加患者短期病死率。     

计算机图像分析挖掘乳腺癌病理预后新指标

应用计算机辅助图像分析方法研究了230例乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast,IDC)的1 150张苏木素-伊红组织病理图像。用支持向量机模型分割上皮-间质,用标记点控制的分水岭算法分割细胞核,提取出730个形态学特征。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示12个形态学特征与8年无病生存相关(P0.05);Cox比例风险回归模型显示其中4个参数为独立预后因子:癌巢细胞密度(HR 1.645,95%CI[1.193,2.270],P=0.002)、间质细胞结构特征(HR 1.507,95%CI[1.084,2.095],P=0.015)、癌巢特征(HR 1.361,95%CI[1.026,1.804],P=0.032)及癌巢细胞核特征(HR 0.731,95%CI[0.538,0.993],P=0.045),可作为预测IDC预后的病理新指标。     

初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响因素分析

目的:研究初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响因素。方法:选取我院2010年收治的发病24小时内初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)258例,收集患者病史、化验检查、心脏彩超、冠状动脉造影结果等住院资料,并随访主要心血管事件,通过相关分析求出对预后有统计学意义的因素,再分别通过Logistic回归及Cox回归分析急性心肌梗死患者近期及远期预后的影响因素。结果:AMI患者住院死亡率6.2%(16/258例),影响住院死亡率因素为PCI治疗(r=-0.253,P=0.000,OR=0.318,95%CI:0.101-0.997)、血糖(Glu)(r=0.24,P=0.01,OR=1.136,95%CI:1.020-1.265)两个因素;平均随访7.6±3.8月,总终点事件10.3%(25/242例),心源性死亡患者6例(2.5%);经Cox回归分析与远期死亡相关的因素是高敏C反应蛋白(Hs CRP)(r=0.182,P=0.008,OR=1.223,95%CI:1.065-1.403)。结论:急性心肌梗死预后受多种因素影响,影响住院死亡率的因素为PCI治疗及血糖,影响远期死亡的因素是Hs CRP。     

肝硬化合并严重肝损伤并发感染的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的了解肝硬化合并严重肝损伤患者的继发感染发生率、感染特征、危险因素以及病死率。方法从浙江大学附属第一医院感染科2014年5月-2015年4月住院治疗的1 264例肝硬化病例中筛选出150例合并严重肝损伤的病例进行回顾性分析。分析上述人群发生感染的情况,包括感染率、感染发生部位、细菌培养结果及预后。同时行多因素Logistic回归分析及Cox比例风险模型分析,探讨肝硬化合并严重肝损伤患者合并感染及90天病死的危险因素。结果 (1)本研究150例患者中,52例患者发生58次感染,感染率34.67%,6例患者发生二次感染。其中社区获得性感染36次,院内感染22次;感染常见部位依次为肺、腹腔(自发性腹膜炎)、泌尿道、血流、皮肤软组织;感染伴肝外器官衰竭23人,占44.23%;病原菌培养阳性感染发生17次,占总感染次数的29.31%,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染7次,排在前两位,其中产ESBLs菌株占57.14%(4/7)。(2)感染和未感染组比较,谷丙转氨酶、国际标准化比值、白细胞总数、MELD评分、28天病死率、90天病死率差异具有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。(3)入院90天内病死人群与存活人群比较,年龄、血清总胆红素、国际标准化比值、白细胞数、肌酐、肝性脑病、MELD评分等指标差异具有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。(4)采用多因素Logistic回归分析发现,血钠水平下降是肝硬化合并严重肝损伤患者并发院内感染独立危险因素(OR=1.112,P=0.047);Cox比例风险模型分析发现年龄(HR=1.039,P=0.001)、性别(HR=2.010,P=0.043)、白蛋白(HR=1.073,P=0.030)、白细胞(HR=1.081,P=0.010)、MELD评分(HR=1.308,P0.001)及院内感染(HR=2.136,P=0.021)是90天病死率的高危因素。结论肝硬化患者在发生严重肝损伤后易继发感染最常见的部位为肺及腹腔,病原体以革兰阴性菌为主;血钠水平下降与院内感染相关。感染增加了肝硬化合并严重肝损伤患者的病死率。     

子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞术改善子宫肌瘤患者预后与生活质量研究

目的:评估子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞术(UAE)改善子宫肌瘤患者预后与生活质量。方法:选取在我院介入科住院治疗的400例子宫肌瘤患者,记录患者的再干预率和出血有关的临床症状。将症状持续、恶化、症状复发和再干预定义为治疗失败(TF)。使用Kaplan-Meier分析计算成功治疗的累积率。运用Cox回归分析计算临床或形态学预测因子。评估患者生活质量和更年期的变化情况。结果:400例患者中,328例患者(82.0%)完成随访。共有54例TF,对其中46例进行了再干预治疗。Kaplan-Meier分析表明,5年后TF累积率为23.3%。Cox回归分析表明,与45岁以上女性相比,40岁以下女性更易发生TF(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.02-5.19,P=0.048)。非TF患者治疗后疾病相关生活质量显著改善(P0.001)。274例非TF患者中,有62(22.6%)例停经平均年龄为52岁。结论:UAE可以对83.5%的子宫肌瘤患者相关的症状予以长期控制,并使其生活正常化。与接近绝经期妇女相比,TF在年轻女性中的发生率更高。     

曲妥珠单抗辅助或新辅助治疗HER2 阳性转移性乳腺癌的临床结果

目的:比较人表皮生长因子受体2过表达(HER2+)的患者既往接受以曲妥珠单抗为基础辅助或新辅助治疗后再次接受针曲妥珠单抗治疗的临床结果。方法:共247例(I-III期170例,IV期77例)HER2+转移性乳腺癌患者,其中首次接受曲妥珠单抗治疗患者211例(I-III期134例,IV期77例),再次接受曲妥珠单抗治疗患者36例(I-III期)。使用Cox比例风险回归和logistic回归分析首次或提前接受曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者的预后的临床结果,生存评估使用Kaplan-Meier法。结果:I-III期HER2+转移性乳腺癌患者中,未预先接受曲妥珠单抗治疗组的中位总生存期为36个月和预先接受曲妥珠单抗治疗组为28个月(危害比[HR],1.45;95%CI,1.05-2.02[P=0.012]);I-IV期HER2+转移性乳腺癌患者中,未预先使用曲妥珠单抗组的中位总生存期为37个月,客观缓解率58%;临床获益率77%;预先使用曲妥珠单抗组为25个月,客观缓解率28%;临床获益率37%;调整后的比值比为客观缓解率0.37(9%CI,0.18-0.77;P=0.010)和临床获益率0.28(95%CI,0.14-0.59;P=0.014)。单因素分析没有提前接受曲妥珠单抗治疗组中位总生存率较长(P=0.012)。多因素分析发现总生存率没有显著差异(P=0.19)。结论:当曲妥珠单抗用于转移性疾病,没有提前接受曲妥珠单抗治疗的HER2+乳腺癌患者临床结果优于提前接受曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者。     

米曲菌胰酶片对功能性消化不良合并小肠细菌过度生长患者的治疗

目的了解功能性消化不良(FD)中小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)的发生率,推测临床预测因子并观察米曲菌胰酶片对FD合并SIBO的疗效。方法对112例符合罗马Ⅲ标准的FD患者进行第1次LHBT(f-LHBT),其结果使用Logistic回归分析LHBT阳性的预测因子。26例f-LHBT阳性者随机接受加酶或非加酶治疗,2周后复查LHBT(LHBT-2w),对LHBT-2w持续阳性者继续加酶治疗2周后再次复查LHBT(LHBT-4w)。比较加酶组与非加酶组间症状改善情况及复查LHBT情况。结果 112例FD中,33例(29.46%)f-LHBT阳性,Logistic回归提示上腹胀程度(OR=1.759,95%CI:1.187~2.609)、恶心程度(OR=1.634,95%CI:1.029~2.594)是LHBT阳性的独立预测因子。治疗2周后,两组共17例患者(65.38%)出现LHBT-2w阴转,其症状改善率高于LHBT-2w持续阳性组(t=-2.833,P=0.009)。加酶组(n=14)症状改善率为(75.89±21.92)%、非加酶组(n=12)为(53.84±31.39)%,差异有统计学意义(t=2.100,P=0.046)。加酶组LHBT-2w阴转率为71.4%,非加酶组为58.3%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.683),但加酶组高峰呼气H2浓度减少率显著高于非加酶组(U=-2.315,P=0.021)。7例LHBT-2w持续阳性者经继续加酶治疗2周后复查LHBT-4w,结果4例阴转,3例仍持续阳性,但高峰呼气H_2浓度均有所下降。结论大约29%FD患者会合并SIBO,上腹胀程度及恶心程度是独立预测因子。SIBO转阴后消化不良症状改善,提示FD症状可能与SIBO有关。短期使用米曲菌胰酶片可促进这些患者的症状改善,可能与减少SIBO有关。     

12 例多系统萎缩患者的临床特点和诊断分析

目的:研究12例多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy MSA)患者的临床特点,分析诊断要点。方法:回顾性分析12例多系统萎缩病例,探讨其临床特点和早期诊断的要点。结果:本组病例均为慢性、隐袭性起病,男性居多,男:女=1.4:1。平均发病年龄49.2岁(35.0岁～72.0岁)。平均病程33个月(6个月～60个月)。MSA-P亚型4例,MSA-C亚型8例,以MSA-C亚型占优势。MSA-P亚型中以行动迟缓为主要首发表现(75%),主要体征分别为肌张力增高(100%)、直立性低血压(75%)、锥体束征(75%);MSA-C亚型以行走不稳为主要首发表现(62.5%),主要体征为共济失调(100%),直立性低血压、小脑性语言、锥体束征(分别为62.5%)。结论:多系统萎缩是一种散发性的神经系统变性疾病,成年起病,临床表现多样。对于早期单纯以帕金森综合征、小脑功能障碍或自主神经功能紊乱为主要症状的患者,特别是无家族史者,要注意甄别有无其他系统受累的症状或体征,同时结合影像学检查、左旋多巴类药物治疗反应性等临床特点,对于早期正确诊断MSA有一定帮助。     

射血分数正常性心力衰竭的预后研究--- 附三年随访结果分析

目的:评价射血分数(EF)正常性心力衰竭患者的流行病学特点及其3年预后,并与EF降低性心力衰竭患者进行比较.方法:选择2005-1至2006-12二所三甲医院心内科收治的461例慢性心衰患者,根据入院时左室EF分为EF正常组(EF＞=50%)和EF降低组(EF＜50%),进行为期3年的电话随访;终点事件包括全因死亡、心衰加重再住院.结果:慢性心衰患者中EF正常234例(50.7%),与EF下降患者比较,这类患者中较为高龄、多为女性;病因多为瓣膜病、高血压病及房颤;随访结果显示二组患者的终点事件发生率并无明显差异(P=0.578),Cox回归分析对其它因素校正后发现,房颤(RR=1.301,95%CI:0.995-1.701,P＜0.05)、年龄(RR=1.012,95%CI:1.003-1.022,P＜0.05)是影响慢性心衰患者3年预后的主要因素.结论:在慢性心衰中,EF正常的患者预后与EF下降者相似,对这类病人同样应加强监测及治疗.     

乳腺癌组织表皮生长因子受体、细胞角蛋白5/6、上皮钙黏蛋白表达与预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨乳腺癌组织表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、细胞角蛋白5/6(CK5/6)、上皮钙黏蛋白(E-Cad)表达与预后的关系。方法：选取我院(2015年1月～2017年12月)收治的100例接受乳腺外科手术治疗的乳腺癌患者,免疫组织化学检测乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织中EGFR、CK5/6、E-Cad表达。比较乳腺癌组织与癌旁组织中EGFR、CK5/6、E-Cad的阳性表达率,分析乳腺癌组织中EGFR、CK5/6、E-Cad表达与临床病理特征的关系,Kaplan-Meier曲线分析EGFR、CK5/6、E-Cad不同表达患者的无病生存期(DFS)和总生存期(OS)曲线,多因素Cox回归分析乳腺癌预后的影响因素。结果：乳腺癌组织中EGFR、CK5/6的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁组织,E-Cad的阳性表达率明显低于癌旁组织(P＜0.05)。乳腺癌组织中EGFR、E-Cad阳性表达率与分化程度、TNM分期相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、肿瘤直径、病理类型无关(P＞0.05);CK5/6阳性表达率与年龄、肿瘤直径、分化程度、TNM分期无关(P＞0.05),与病理类型相关(P＜0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,EGFR、CK5/6阳性表达患者3年DFS和OS明显低于阴性表达患者,E-Cad阳性表达患者3年DFS和OS明显高于阴性表达患者(P＜0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,TNM分期Ⅲ期(HR=5.756,95%CI：1.535～21.591)、EGFR阳性(HR=8.090,95%CI：0.954～68.616)、CK5/6阳性(HR=4.507,95%CI：0.466～43.593)为乳腺癌预后独立危险因素,E-Cad阳性(HR=0.221,95%CI：0.048～1.020)为乳腺癌预后独立保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论：乳腺癌组织中EGFR、CK5/6表达明显升高,E-Cad表达明显降低,三者为乳腺癌患者预后独立影响因素。     

Symptoms and Quality of Life in Late Stage Parkinson Syndromes: A Longitudinal Community Study of Predictive Factors

Background

Palliative care is increasingly offered earlier in the cancer trajectory but rarely in Idiopathic Parkinson''s Disease(IPD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy(PSP) or Multiple System Atrophy(MSA). There is little longitudinal data of people with late stage disease to understand levels of need. We aimed to determine how symptoms and quality of life of these patients change over time; and what demographic and clinical factors predicted changes.

Methods

We recruited 82 patients into a longitudinal study, consenting patients with a diagnosis of IPD, MSA or PSP, stages 3–5 Hoehn and Yahr(H&Y). At baseline and then on up to 3 occasions over one year, we collected self-reported demographic, clinical, symptom, palliative and quality of life data, using Parkinson''s specific and generic validated scales, including the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS). We tested for predictors using multivariable analysis, adjusting for confounders.

Findings

Over two thirds of patients had severe disability, over one third being wheelchair-bound/bedridden. Symptoms were highly prevalent in all conditions - mean (SD) of 10.6(4.0) symptoms. More than 50% of the MSA and PSP patients died over the year. Over the year, half of the patients showed either an upward (worsening, 24/60) or fluctuant (8/60) trajectory for POS and symptoms. The strongest predictors of higher levels of symptoms at the end of follow-up were initial scores on POS (AOR 1.30; 95%CI:1.05–1.60) and being male (AOR 5.18; 95% CI 1.17 to 22.92), both were more predictive than initial H&Y scores.

Interpretation

The findings point to profound and complex mix of non-motor and motor symptoms in patients with late stage IPD, MSA and PSP. Symptoms are not resolved and half of the patients deteriorate. Palliative problems are predictive of future symptoms, suggesting that an early palliative assessment might help screen for those in need of earlier intervention.     

Positive prostate biopsy following radiotherapy can predict metastasis-free survival in localized prostate cancer

Background/aim(s)To determine the impact of post-treatment biopsy results on 10-year metastasis-free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy (RT).Materials/MethodsRetrospective analysis of 232 patients with T1c-T3bN0M0 PCa who underwent a prostate biopsy 24–36 months after high-dose RT. Biopsies were categorized as positive biopsy (PB) if H&E staining showed evidence of residual malignancy and negative biopsy (NB) if no malignant cells were present. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 10-year MFS, OS and CSS rates were calculated for each group and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios. The median follow-up was 124 months (range 26–267).ResultsSixty-two of 232 (26.7%) patients had post-treatment positive biopsies (PB). A positive post-treatment biopsy was significantly associated with a lower 10-year MFS (78.4% vs. 95.4%, p = 0.001, HR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.8–8.3). Although patients with PB had worse outcomes that those with NB, we could not show a statistically significant difference in OS (81.0% vs. 87.9%, p = 0.282, HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.7–2.3) or CSS (96.2% vs. 99.4% (p = 0.201, HR. 2.4, 95% CI: 0.6–9.7). After multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor of MFS was the post-treatment biopsy status (p < 0.001, HR: 5.4, 95% CI 2.26–12.85) followed by Gleason score (p = 0.002, HR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.33–3.79).ConclusionA positive biopsy following RT can predict MFS in localized prostate cancer. These data highlight the relevance of achieving a local control and support the use of aggressive local therapeutic interventions for PCa.     

Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with breast cancer brain oligometastases — molecular subtypes and clinical outcomes

BackgroundWe sought to determine the clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer (BC) who had undergone stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for a limited number of brain metastases (BM) and to identify factors influencing overall survival (OS) and local control.Materials and methodsThe records of 45 patients who underwent SRS for 72 brain lesions were retrospectively evaluated. Statistics included the chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier method, and the multivariate Cox model.ResultsThe median number of treated BM was 2 (range 1–10). Median OS from BM diagnosis and post-SRS were 27.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.8–40.5) and 18.5 months (95% CI: 11.1–25.8), respectively. One-year and two-year survival rates after BM diagnosis were 55% and 41%, respectively. In a univariate analysis, the Luminal-B-human-epidermal-growth-receptor-positive (HER2+) subtype had the longest median OS at 39.1 months (95% CI: 34.1–44.1, p = 0.004). In an adjusted analysis, grade 2 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1–0.6, p = 0.005), craniotomy (HR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.7; p = 0.006), and ≥ 2 systemic therapies received (HR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.9, p = 0.028) were associated with improved OS. One-year and two-year intracranial progression-free survival rates were 85% and 63%, respectively. Four factors for a higher risk of any intracranial recurrence remained significant in the adjusted analysis, as follows: age < 50 years (HR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3–36.3; p = 0.014), grade 3 (HR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.1–13.2; p = 0.038), HER2+ (HR: 6.9; 95% CI: 1.3–36.3; p = 0.023), and whether the brain was the first metastatic site (HR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.6–14.5; p = 0.006).ConclusionIntrinsic BC characteristics are important determinants for both survival and intracranial control for patients undergoing SRS for oligometastatic brain disease.     

Neural Substrates of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: A Resting fMRI Study

Background

Recently, non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been considered crucial factors in determining a patient’s quality of life and have been proposed as the predominant features of the premotor phase. Researchers have investigated the relationship between non-motor symptoms and the motor laterality; however, this relationship remains disputed. This study investigated the neural connectivity correlates of non-motor and motor symptoms of PD with respect to motor laterality.

Methods

Eight-seven patients with PD were recruited and classified into left-more-affected PD (n = 44) and right-more affected PD (n = 37) based on their MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) motor examination scores. The patients underwent MRI scanning, which included resting fMRI. Brain regions were labeled as ipsilateral and contralateral to the more-affected body side. Correlation analysis between the functional connectivity across brain regions and the scores of various symptoms was performed to identify the neural connectivity correlates of each symptom.

Results

The resting functional connectivity centered on the ipsilateral inferior orbito-frontal area was negatively correlated with the severity of non-motor symptoms, and the connectivity of the contralateral inferior parietal area was positively correlated with the severity of motor symptoms (p < 0.001, |r| > 0.3).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the inferior orbito-frontal area may play a crucial role in non-motor dysfunctions, and that the connectivity information may be utilized as a neuroimaging biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD.     

Mortalidad y factores pronósticos asociados en pacientes ancianos y muy ancianos hospitalizados con infección respiratoria COVID-19

IntroductionElderly patients with COVID-19 has a worse clinical evolution, being more susceptible to develop serious manifestations. The differences between the elderly and very elderly population, mortality and associated prognostic factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been enough studied yet.MethodsAn observational study of 416 elderly patients admitted consecutively to Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real for COVID-19 respiratory infection from March 1st to April 30th, 2020. Data were collected including patient demographic information, medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes during the hospitalization and after discharge, until June 15, 2020 with the aim of analyzing mortality, and associated prognostic factors.ResultsThe mean age was 84.43 ± 5.74 years old; elderly patients (75-84 years) were 50.2% of the sample and very elderly (≥ 85 years) the remaining 49.8%. In Cox regression model, mortality rate was higher in very elderly group (HR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.23-5.38; P = .01), hypertensive (HR = 3, 45; 95% CI: 1.13-10.5; P = .03) and chronic kidney disease patients (HR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.3-11.43; P = .02). In contrast, calcium antagonists (HR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.62; P = .002) and anticoagulant therapy during hospitalization (HR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08 0, 83; P = .02) were associated with a longer time free of mortality.ConclusionsMortality rate was higher in very eldery patients compared with eldery; and in hypertensive and chronic kidney disease patients. Anticoagulation therapy and calcium chanel bloquers treatment during hospitalization were associated with a higher survival in the short-term follow-up in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.     

影响复杂性Stanford B型主动脉夹层院内死亡的危险因素分析

目的:探讨复杂性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者院内死亡的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年6月急诊收治入院的98例复杂性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的住院病例资料,对可能影响复杂Stanford B型主动脉夹层院内死亡的15项临床病理因素:患者年龄、性别、治疗方式、发病至就诊时间、既往是否有高血压病史、就诊时收缩压、入院时是否合并肺部感染、慢性肾功能不全、既往结缔组织病、主动脉扩张、急性肾损伤、心包积液、胸腔积液、腹腔积液、心肌灌注、肠系膜动脉灌注、下肢灌注,进行单因素和多因素回归分析。结果:单因素分析结果显示:患者年龄、就诊时收缩压、治疗方式、急性肾损伤、心肌灌注不良、心包积液、主动脉扩张、下肢灌注不良与院内死亡有关(P0.1)。经COX多因素回归分析结果显示:TEVAR治疗(HR=8.437CI 1.048-67.925 P=0.045),心包积液(HR=4.010 CI 1.675-9.598 P=0.002),下肢灌注不良(HR=3.133 CI 1.083-9.064 P=0.035)与院内死亡有关(P0.05)。结论:心包积液及下肢灌注不良可使复杂性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者院内死亡率增加,而TEVAR可有效改善患者早期预后。     

The Global Cognition,Frontal Lobe Dysfunction and Behavior Changes in Chinese Patients with Multiple System Atrophy

Background

Studies on cognition in multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients are limited.

Methods

A total of 110 MSA patients were evaluated using Addenbrooke''s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI), and Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS) tests. Fifty-five age-, sex-, education- and domicile-matched healthy controls were recruited to perform the FAB and ACE-R scales.

Results

Approximately 32.7% of the patients had global cognitive deficits with the most impaired domain being verbal fluency and visuospatial ability (26.4%), followed by memory (24.5%), language (20%) and orientation/attention (20%) based on a cut-off score of ACE-R ≤ 70. A total of 41.6% of the patients had frontal lobe dysfunction, with inhibitory control (60.9%) as the most impaired domain based on a cut-off score of FAB ≤14. Most patients (57.2%) showed moderate frontal behavior changes (FBI score 4–15), with incontinence (64.5%) as the most impaired domain. The binary logistic regression model revealed that an education level < 9 years (OR:13.312, 95% CI:2.931–60.469, P = 0.001) and UMSARS ≥ 40 (OR: 2.444, 95%CI: 1.002–5.962, P< 0.049) were potential determinants of abnormal ACE-R, while MSA-C (OR: 4.326, 95%CI: 1.631–11.477, P = 0.003), an education level < 9 years (OR:2.809 95% CI:1.060–7.444, P = 0.038) and UMSARS ≥ 40 (OR:5.396, 95%CI: 2.103–13.846, P < 0.0001) were potential determinants of abnormal FAB.

Conclusions

Cognitive impairment is common in Chinese MSA patients. MSA-C patients with low education levels and severe motor symptoms are likely to experience frontal lobe dysfunction, while MSA patients with low education levels and severe motor symptoms are likely to experience global cognitive deficits. These findings strongly suggest that cognitive impairment should not be an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of MSA.     

Prediction of Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Based on MicroRNA-21 Expression: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundMicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21 or miR-21) may act as a prognostic biomarker of cancer. However, the available evidence is controversial. Therefore, the present meta-analysis summarizes this evidence and evaluates the prognostic role of this gene in breast cancer.MethodsThe meta-analysis was conducted by searching the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Chinese database-China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Data were extracted from studies that investigated the association between miR-21 expression and survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. With respect to survival outcomes, the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of miR-21 were calculated given a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOur meta-analysis identified a total of 10 studies involving 1,439 cases. Further investigation demonstrated that a high miR-21 expression can predict poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.37—4.81, P = 0.003) and shortened disease-free/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS) (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.16—1.82, P = 0.001) in breast cancer patients. Moreover, high miR-21 expression was significantly correlated with lowered OS in the Asian group (HR = 5.07, 95% CI: 2.89—8.92, P < 0.001), but not in the Caucasian cohort (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.99—2.10, P = 0.058). Furthermore, odds ratios (ORs) showed that up-regulated miR-21 levels were associated with multiple clinical characteristics.ConclusionOur results indicated that miR-21 can predict unfavorable prognoses in breast cancer patients, especially in Asians.     

Pre-Operative Ultrasound Identification of Thyroiditis Helps Predict the Need for Thyroid Hormone Replacement After Thyroid Lobectomy

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether pre-operative thyroiditis identified by ultrasound (US) could help predict the need for thyroid hormone replacement (THR) following thyroid lobectomy.MethodsData from patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy in 2006-2011, were not taking THR pre-operatively, and had >1 month of follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. THR was prescribed for relatively elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and hypothyroid symptoms. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the percentage of patients who required THR at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate prognostic factors for requiring post-thyroid lobectomy THR.ResultsDuring follow-up, 45 of 98 patients required THR. Median follow-up among patients not requiring THR was 11.6 months (range, 1.2 to 51.3 months). Six months after thyroid lobectomy, 22% of patients were taking THR (95% confidence interval [CI], 15-32%); the proportion increased to 46% at 12 months (95% CI, 36-57%) and 55% at 18 months (95% CI, 43-67%). On univariate analysis, significant prognostic factors for postoperative THR included a pre-operative TSH level >2.5 μ international units [IU]/mL (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.5; P = .004) and pathology-identified thyroiditis (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.3; P = .005). Patients with both pre-operative TSH >2.5 μIU/mL and US-identified thyroiditis had a 5.8fold increased risk of requiring postoperative THR (95% CI, 2.4-13.9; P<.0001).ConclusionA pre-operative TSH level >2.5 μIU/mL significantly increases the risk of requiring THR after thyroid lobectomy. Thyroiditis can add to that prediction and guide pre-operative patient counseling and surgical decision making. US-identified thyroiditis should be reported and post-thyroid lobectomy patients followed long-term (≥18 months). (Endocr Pract. 2013;19:1015-1020)     

冠状动脉慢血流患者的随访性研究

目的:探讨冠状动脉慢血流患者(CSFP)的临床结局。方法:收集我院2010年9月至2015年9月因疑似冠心病行冠状动脉造影检查且证实为CSFP的患者553例作为实验组及冠状动脉血流正常者333例作为对照组。比较两组患者的病史资料、实验室检查及随访信息,分析冠状动脉慢血流现象的临床结局。结果:CSFP组男性、吸烟、高运动量、高血压、服药患者比例、脑血管病发生率、心脏事件死亡率、冠状动脉狭窄率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组比较,CSFP组脑血管疾病发生率显著高于对照组(P=0.0037)。慢血流组发生脑血管事件者生存率低于对照组。Logistic多元回归分析结果显示:慢血流(HR=5.85,95%可信区间2.00-17.15,P0.01)和年龄(HR=1.07,95%可信区,1.03-1.11,P0.01)为发生脑血管病的独立危险因素。结论:慢血流组患者发生脑血管疾病、冠状动脉狭窄及因心脏事件死亡者显著升高,冠状动脉慢血流及年龄为发生脑血管病的独立危险因素。