瞬时感受器电位Ⅴ亚家族离子通道——温度感受器

生物体可以感受广泛的温度范围,其中温度超过43℃或低于15℃还可引起伤害性痛觉。近年来在哺乳动物中已经发现6个与温度有关的通道,其中4个属于瞬时感受器电位（transient receptor potential,TRP）Ⅴ亚家族成员。这些通道组织分布非常广泛,功能上属于钙渗透性通道,可被多种理化刺激激活。它们具有不同的温度阈值,并受一些理化因素的调节。     

瞬时感受器电位A1通道参与冷刺激引起的离体大鼠结肠平滑肌收缩(英文)

瞬时感受器电位A1(transient receptor potential A1,TRPA1)通道是一种可以被伤害性冷刺激激活的TRP家族离子通道。本研究的目的是探讨TRPA1通道是否参与冷刺激引起的大鼠结肠平滑肌收缩及其可能的机制。分离雄性Wistar大鼠升结肠和降结肠的平滑肌,制备成肌条,灌流不同温度Krebs液给予冷刺激,然后17°C冷刺激条件下用不同药物灌流,用张力换能器记录张力变化。逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测上述平滑肌中TRPA1、TRPM8和TRPV1的mRNA表达。结果显示,在大鼠升结肠和降结肠的平滑肌层有TRPA1的表达,但无TRPM8和TRPV1的表达。肌张力研究显示,不同温度(32、25、17、12°C)的冷刺激可以引起大鼠升结肠和降结肠纵行平滑肌的收缩,并且收缩张力随着温度降低而增强,17°C冷刺激可引起最大收缩(P0.01)。TRPA1的阻断剂钌红(30μmol/L)可以抑制冷刺激引起的升、降结肠平滑肌的收缩(P0.05)。TRPA1激动剂异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC,300μmol/L)和桂皮醛(CA,1mmol/L)预处理肌条后,可降低或几乎取消冷刺激引起的升结肠(P0.01,P0.05)和降结肠(均P0.001)平滑肌的收缩。去除细胞外Ca2+(EGTA,1mmol/L)、PLC阻断剂U73122(10μmol/L)、IP3受体阻断剂2-APB(30μmol/L)均可抑制17°C冷刺激引起的升、降结肠平滑肌的收缩(P0.001,P0.05,P0.001)。阿托品(1μmol/L)则对17oC冷刺激引起的升、降结肠平滑肌的收缩均无影响。L-型钙通道阻断剂硝苯地平(1μmol/L)和神经毒素河豚毒素(2μmol/L)可抑制降结肠平滑肌的收缩(P0.01,P0.05),而对升结肠没有作用。综上所述,TRPA1通道参与冷刺激引起的大鼠升结肠和降结肠平滑肌的收缩,其胞内信号转导机制可能涉及PLC/IP3/Ca2+途径的激活。另外,L-型钙通道和非M受体介导的神经机制部分参与冷刺激引起的降结肠平滑肌收缩,这可能是降结肠收缩张力大于升结肠的原因。     

瞬时受体电位通道研究进展

瞬时受体电位通道(TRP channels)是位于细胞膜上的一类重要的阳离子通道超家族.根据氨基酸序列的同源性,将已发现的28种哺乳动物,TRP通道分为:TRPC、TRPV、TRPM、TRPA、TRPP和TRPML 6个亚家族.所有的TRP通道都具有6次跨膜结构域.不同的TRP通道对钙离子和钠离子选择性不同.TRP通道分布广泛,调节机制各异,通过感受细胞内外环境的各种刺激,参与痛温觉、机械感觉、味觉的发生和维持细胞内外环境的离子稳态等众多生命活动.     

TRPM3:一种新型热痛觉感受通道

TRPM3是近年来确定的TRP家族中除TRPV1和TRPA1外另一疼痛感受通道.TR-PM3可被热和化学配体如神经甾体孕烯醇酮硫酸盐(PregS)和合成配体CIM0216激活,激活后对钙离子有较大的通透性.在小鼠和大鼠,TRPM3表达于大约60％的躯体初级感觉神经元,并在伤害性温度感受中发挥关键作用.在炎症和神经病理性...     

在神经系统中TRPC1的研究进展北大核心CSCD

经典瞬时感受器电位通道1(classical transient receptor potential channel 1,TRPC1)是具有六次跨膜结构的非选择性阳离子通道,能通透钙离子和钠离子。它是哺乳类动物中第一个被发现的TRP蛋白,隶属于TRPC亚家族。TRPC1可因受体,细胞内钙库清空或机械刺激激活而开放,引起细胞内钙离子浓度的升高和细胞膜的去极化。TRPC1在神经系统内的分布较为广泛,近年来的研究显示该分子激活后引发的效应与神经系统许多生理病理过程密切相关,因此本文就目前TRPC1在神经系统中的研究进展进行综述。     

在神经系统中TRPC1的研究进展北大核心CSCD

经典瞬时感受器电位通道1(classical transient receptor potential channel 1,TRPC1)是具有六次跨膜结构的非选择性阳离子通道,能通透钙离子和钠离子。它是哺乳类动物中第一个被发现的TRP蛋白,隶属于TRPC亚家族。TRPC1可因受体,细胞内钙库清空或机械刺激激活而开放,引起细胞内钙离子浓度的升高和细胞膜的去极化。TRPC1在神经系统内的分布较为广泛,近年来的研究显示该分子激活后引发的效应与神经系统许多生理病理过程密切相关,因此本文就目前TRPC1在神经系统中的研究进展进行综述。     

在神经系统中TRPC1的研究进展北大核心CSCD

经典瞬时感受器电位通道1(classical transient receptor potential channel 1,TRPC1)是具有六次跨膜结构的非选择性阳离子通道,能通透钙离子和钠离子。它是哺乳类动物中第一个被发现的TRP蛋白,隶属于TRPC亚家族。TRPC1可因受体,细胞内钙库清空或机械刺激激活而开放,引起细胞内钙离子浓度的升高和细胞膜的去极化。TRPC1在神经系统内的分布较为广泛,近年来的研究显示该分子激活后引发的效应与神经系统许多生理病理过程密切相关,因此本文就目前TRPC1在神经系统中的研究进展进行综述。     

翻译后修饰调控TRPV亚家族通道功能的研究进展

瞬时受体势(transient receptor potential,TRP)通道广泛分布于神经和非神经系统中,响应温度、化学和机械等多种刺激,在机体对外界环境的精确感知中发挥重要功能.根据蛋白质序列的相似性,哺乳动物中TRP通道家族的27个成员分属TRPA、TRPC、TRPM、TRPML、TRPP和TRPV 6个亚家族.其中TRPV亚家族包含了6个成员,分别为温度敏感型的TRPV1~4通道,以及对Ca2+具有高选择通透能力的TRPV5和TRPV6通道.研究结果表明,TRPV亚家族通道参与调控细胞内的离子稳态和信号传导,在温度感知和血管扩张等生理过程中发挥作用,并与癌症、心血管等多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关.翻译后修饰(post-translational modifications,PTMs)是翻译中或者翻译后在蛋白质特定氨基酸上添加或删减修饰官能团的过程.越来越多的研究结果表明,TRPV亚家族通道同样可以发生翻译后修饰,并对通道功能产生重要影响.本文综述了目前已报道的磷酸化、糖基化、泛素化、SUMO化和共价修饰等多种翻译后修饰调控TRPV亚家族成员功能的主要研究进展,以期为进一步研究翻译后修饰对TRPV通道的功能调节提供参考,丰富我们对蛋白质翻译后修饰与生理或病理活动相关性的认识.     

神经系统内机械敏感性TRP通道与疼痛

瞬时感受器电位(transient receptor potential,TRP)离子通道超家族是一类在生物体内分布广泛,能通透钙离子的非选择性阳离子通道。研究表明部分TRP通道能感受内、外环境中多种形式的机械刺激,在细胞机械信号转导过程中发挥重要作用,属于机械敏感性离子通道。越来越多的研究发现,机械敏感性TRP通道参与了痛觉的维持和发展。本文就神经系统内机械敏感性TRP通道及其在痛觉研究中的进展进行综述。     

瞬时受体电位通道在心脑血管系统疾病中的研究进展

瞬时受体电位(TRP)通道是一类重要的非选择性阳离子通道,其家族成员众多,参与多种生理病理过程。其中,TRP通道的异常表达及功能改变与心脑血管疾病的发生发展密切相关。近年研究发现,通过拮抗或者激活TRP通道可以调节血管内皮和血管平滑肌功能,参与心脑血管疾病的调控。该文主要从TRP通道的结构及各亚家族蛋白基于血管内皮和血管平滑肌对心脑血管系统疾病的作用及机制作一综述,为心脑血管疾病的防治提供新思路。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.