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1.
The Ratio of Treg/Th17 Cells Correlates with the Disease Activity of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Lili Ji Yanxia Zhan Fanli Hua Feng Li Shanhua Zou Weiguang Wang Dongli Song Zhihui Min Hao Chen Yunfeng Cheng 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
Background
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by decreased platelet count. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are two subtypes of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. They play opposite roles in immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases, while they share a common differentiation pathway. The imbalance of Treg/Th17 has been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ratio of the number of Treg cells to the number of Th17 cells in ITP patients and evaluate the clinical implications of the alterations in this ratio.Methods
Thirty adult patients with newly diagnosed ITP enrolled in this study. Twelve patients had been clinically followed up for 12 months. The percentages of CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ Treg cells and CD3+CD4+IL-17-producing Th17 cells in these patients and healthy controls (n = 17) were longitudinally analyzed by flow cytometry.Results
The percentage of Treg cells in ITP patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the percentage of Th17 cells increased significantly at disease onset. The ratio of Treg/Th17 correlated with the disease activity.Conclusion
The ratio of Treg/Th17 might be relevant to the clinical diversity of ITP patients, and this Treg/Th17 ratio might have prognostic role in ITP patients. 相似文献2.
Zhi-Jian Ye Qiong Zhou Jian-Chu Zhang Xiao Li Cong Wu Shou-Ming Qin Jian-Bao Xin Huan-Zhong Shi 《Respiratory research》2011,12(1):77
Background
Both regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper IL-17-producing cells (Th17 cells) have been found to be involved in human malignancies, however, the possible implication of Tregs in regulating generation and differentiation of Th17 cells in malignant pleural effusion remains to be elucidated.Methods
The numbers of both CD39+Tregs and Th17 cells in malignant pleural effusion and peripheral blood from patients with lung cancer were determined by flow cytometry. The regulation and mechanism of Tregs on generation and differentiation of Th17 cells were explored.Results
Both CD39+Tregs and Th17 cells were increased in malignant pleural effusion when compared with blood, and the numbers of CD39+Tregs were correlated negatively with those of Th17 cells. It was also noted that high levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 could be observed in malignant pleural effusion when compared the corresponding serum, and that pleural CD39+Tregs could express latency-associated peptide on their surface. When naïve CD4+ T cells were cocultured with CD39+Tregs, Th17 cell numbers decreased as CD39+Treg numbers increased, addition of the anti-latency-associated peptide mAb to the coculture reverted the inhibitory effect exerted by CD39+Tregs.Conclusions
Therefore, the above results indicate that CD39+Tregs inhibit generation and differentiation of Th17 cells via a latency-associated peptide-dependent mechanism. 相似文献3.
Nathella Pavan Kumar Rathinam Sridhar Vaithilingam V. Banurekha Dina Nair Mohideen S. Jawahar Thomas B. Nutman Subash Babu 《PloS one》2013,8(2)
Background
Th1 and Th17 responses are known to play an important role in immunity to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), although little is known about their role in extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis (TB).Methods
To identify the role of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells in multi-focal TB lymphadenitis (TBL), we examined mycobacteria–specific immune responses in the whole blood of individuals with PTB (n = 20) and compared them with those with TBL (n = 25).Results
Elevated frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IFN- γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 were present in individuals with TBL compared with those with PTB at baseline and in response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Similarly, increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-17A, IL-17F, and IFN-γ were also present in individuals with TBL at baseline and following ESAT-6 and CFP-10 stimulation although no significant difference in frequency of Th22 cells was observed. Finally, frequencies of Th1 (but not Th17) cells exhibited a significantly negative correlation with natural regulatory T cell frequencies at baseline.Conclusions
Multi-focal TB lymphadenitis is therefore characterized by elevated frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells, indicating that Th1 and Th17 responses in TB disease are probably correlates of disease severity rather than of protective immunity. 相似文献4.
Claudia Durán-Aniotz Gabriela Segal Lorena Salazar Cristián Pereda Cristián Falcón Fabián Tempio Raquel Aguilera Rodrigo González Claudio Pérez Andrés Tittarelli Diego Catalán Bruno Nervi Milton Larrondo Flavio Salazar-Onfray Mercedes N. López 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2013,62(4):761-772
Introduction
Immunization with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with a heat shock-conditioned allogeneic melanoma cell lysate caused lysate-specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in a number of patients. These responses correlated with a threefold prolonged long-term survival of DTH+ with respect to DTH? unresponsive patients. Herein, we investigated whether the immunological reactions associated with prolonged survival were related to dissimilar cellular and cytokine responses in blood.Materials and methods
Healthy donors and melanoma patient’s lymphocytes obtained from blood before and after vaccinations and from DTH biopsies were analyzed for T cell population distribution and cytokine release.Results/discussion
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from melanoma patients have an increased proportion of Th3 (CD4+ TGF-β+) regulatory T lymphocytes compared with healthy donors. Notably, DTH+ patients showed a threefold reduction of Th3 cells compared with DTH? patients after DCs vaccine treatment. Furthermore, DCs vaccination resulted in a threefold augment of the proportion of IFN-γ releasing Th1 cells and in a twofold increase of the IL-17-producing Th17 population in DTH+ with respect to DTH? patients. Increased Th1 and Th17 cell populations in both blood and DTH-derived tissues suggest that these profiles may be related to a more effective anti-melanoma response.Conclusions
Our results indicate that increased proinflammatory cytokine profiles are related to detectable immunological responses in vivo (DTH) and to prolonged patient survival. Our study contributes to the understanding of immunological responses produced by DCs vaccines and to the identification of follow-up markers for patient outcome that may allow a closer individual monitoring of patients. 相似文献5.
Ning Ma Chen Xing He Xiao Yi Wang Ke Wang Chunmei Hou Gencheng Han Guojiang Chen Bernadette Marrero Yujuan Wang Beifen Shen Yan Li Renxi Wang 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Objective
It is well known that complement system C5a is excessively activated during the onset of sepsis. However, it is unclear whether C5a can regulate dentritic cells (DCs) to stimulate adaptive immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 in sepsis.Methods
Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CLP-induced sepsis was treated with anti-C5a or IL-12. IL-12+DC, IFNγ+Th1, and IL-17+Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-12 was measured by ELISA.Results
Our studies here showed that C5a induced IL-12+DC cell migration from the peritoneal cavity to peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Furthermore, IL-12+DC cells induced the expansion of pathogenic IFNγ+Th1 and IL-17+Th17 cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Moreover, IL-12, secreted by DC cells in the peritoneal cavity, is an important factor that prevents the development of sepsis.Conclusion
Our data suggests that C5a regulates IL-12+DC cell migration to induce pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in sepsis. 相似文献6.
Gabriella d'Ettorre Silvia Baroncelli Luca Micci Giancarlo Ceccarelli Mauro Andreotti Prachi Sharma Gianfranco Fanello Fausto Fiocca Eugenio Nelson Cavallari Noemi Giustini Alessandra Mallano Clementina M. Galluzzo Stefano Vella Claudio M. Mastroianni Guido Silvestri Mirko Paiardini Vincenzo Vullo 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Introduction
During HIV infection the severe depletion of intestinal CD4+ T-cells is associated with microbial translocation, systemic immune activation, and disease progression. This study examined intestinal and peripheral CD4+ T-cell subsets reconstitution under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and systemic immune activation markers.Methods
This longitudinal single-arm pilot study evaluates CD4+ T cells, including Th1 and Th17, in gut and blood and soluble markers for inflammation in HIV-infected individuals before (M0) and after eight (M8) months of cART. From January 2010 to December 2011, 10 HIV-1 naïve patients were screened and 9 enrolled. Blood and gut CD4+ T-cells subsets and cellular immune activation were determined by flow-cytometry and plasma soluble CD14 by ELISA. CD4+ Th17 cells were detected in gut biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Microbial translocation was measured by limulus-amebocyte-lysate assay to detect bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PCR Real Time to detect plasma bacterial 16S rDNA.Results
Eight months of cART increased intestinal CD4+ and Th17 cells and reduced levels of T-cell activation and proliferation. The magnitude of intestinal CD4+ T-cell reconstitution correlated with the reduction of plasma LPS. Importantly, the magnitude of Th17 cells reconstitution correlated directly with blood CD4+ T-cell recovery.Conclusion
Short-term antiretroviral therapy resulted in a significant increase in the levels of total and Th17 CD4+ T-cells in the gut mucosa and in decline of T-cell activation. The observation that pre-treatment levels of CD4+ and of CD8+ T-cell activation are predictors of the magnitude of Th17 cell reconstitution following cART provides further rationale for an early initiation of cART in HIV-infected individuals.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02097381相似文献7.
Ming-Qiang Zhang Yong Wan Yang Jin Jian-Bao Xin Jian-Chu Zhang Xian-Zhi Xiong Long Chen Gang Chen 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Background
CD4+ T cells in the lung are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although CD4+ T cell subsets and the direct effect of smoking on these cells, especially the expression of MRs, have not been comprehensively examined.Methods
First, circulating CD4+ T cell subsets in healthy nonsmokers, patients with SCOPD and patients with AECOPD were evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, differentiation experiments were carried out using RT-PCR, and Ki-67/Annexin V antibodies were used to measure proliferation and apoptosis. We also explored the impact of CSE on the differentiation and survival of CD4+Th/Tregs and examined the expression of MRs in healthy nonsmokers and patients with SCOPD.Results
We found the percentages of circulating Th1 and Th17 cells were increased in patients with AECOPD, while the percentage of Th2 cells was decreased in patients with SCOPD. The percentages of Th10 cells were decreased in both patients with SCOPD and patients with AECOPD, while the percentages of Tregs were increased. In addition, the percentages of CD4+α-7+ T cells were decreased in patients with SCOPD and patients with AECOPD. However, only the decrease observed in patients with AECOPD was significant. In vitro studies also revealed MR expression affected the polarization of T cells, with different CD4+ T cell subtypes acquiring different MR expression profiles. The addition of CSE facilitated CD4+ T cell polarization towards pro-inflammatory subsets (Th1 and Th17) and affected the survival of CD4+ T cells and Treg cells by up-regulating the expression of MR3 and 5, resulting in an imbalance of CD4+ T cell subsets.Conclusions
Our findings suggest an imbalance of circulating CD4+ T cell subsets is involved in COPD pathogenesis in smokers. Cigarette smoking may contribute to this imbalance by affecting the polarization and survival of Th/Tregs through the up-regulation of MR3 and MR5. 相似文献8.
Ewa Kuca-Warnawin Weronika Kurowska Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek Anna Radzikowska Tomasz Burakowski Urszula Skalska Magdalena Massalska Magdalena Plebańczyk Barbara Małdyk-Nowakowska Iwona Słowińska Robert Gasik Włodzimierz Maśliński 《Arthritis research & therapy》2017,19(1):274
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, autoimmune disease leading to joint destruction and ultimately disability. Bone marrow (BM) is an important compartment in RA, where pathological processes from “outside the joint” can occur. IL-17 is a cytokine that exerts proinflammatory effects and participates in the process of bone destruction. It is believed that IL-17 is involved in pathogenesis of RA. However, little is known about the biology of this cytokine in BM. In the present study we investigated Th17-related cytokines in RA BM.Methods
BM samples were obtained from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients during total hip replacement surgery. Levels of IL-17AF, IL-17AA, IL-17FF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-β and CCL20 in BM plasma were determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Percentage of IL-17-producing cells in BM was evaluated by flow cytometry. The effect of IL-15 stimulation on IL-17 production by BM mononuclear cells was examined in vitro.Results
Increased levels of IL-17AF were observed in BM plasma of RA patients in comparison to OA patients. Increased concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and CCL20 were observed in RA compared to OA BM plasma. Concordant with these findings, significantly increased percentages of CD3+CD4+IL-17+ and CD3+CD4+IL-17+IFN-γ+ cells were present in RA BM in comparison to OA BM samples. Finally, abundant in RA BM, IL-15 increased IL-17 production by cultured BM mononuclear cells.Conclusions
In the course of RA, the BM microenvironment can promote the development of Th17 cell responses and overproduction of IL-17AF that may lead to increased inflammation and tissue destruction in RA BM.9.
Lei Zhang Ting Wang Xiao-qi Wang Rui-zhi Du Kai-ning Zhang Xin-guang Liu Dao-xin Ma Shuang Yu Guo-hai Su Zhen-hua Li Yu-qing Guan Nai-li Du 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Background
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by immune cells. Th22 cells are CD4+ T cells that secret IL-22 but not IL-17 or IFN-γ and are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. The roles of Th22 cells in the pathophysiologic procedures of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the profile of Th22, Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells in ACS patients, including unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.Design and Methods
In this study, 26 AMI patients, 16 UA patients, 16 stable angina (SA) patients and 16 healthy controls were included. The frequencies of Th22, Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells in AMI, UA, SA patients and healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of IL-22, IL-17 and IFN-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results
Th22, Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells were significantly increased in AMI and UA patients compared with SA patients and healthy controls. Moreover, plasma IL-22 level was significantly elevated in AMI and UA patients. In addition, Th22 cells correlated positively with IL-22 as well as Th17 cells in AMI and UA patients.Conclusion
Our findings showed increased frequencies of both Th22 and Th17 cells in ACS patients, which suggest that Th22 and Th17 cells may play a potential role in plaque destabilization and the development of ACS. 相似文献10.
Ankathatti Munegowda M Deng Y Mulligan SJ Xiang J 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2011,60(10):1473-1484
CD4+ Th17 cells induce antitumor immunity leading to the eradication of established tumors. However, the mechanism of antitumour
immunity and CTL activation by Th17 cells and the distinct role of Th17 and Th17-activated CTLs in antitumor immunity are
still elusive. In this study, we generated ovalbumin (OVA)-specific Th17 cells by cultivating OVA-pulsed dendritic cells with
CD4+ T cells derived from transgenic OTII mice in the presence of IL-6, IL-23, TGF-β, and anti-IFN-γ antibody. We demonstrated
that Th17 cells acquired major histocompatibility complex/peptide (pMHC)-I and expressed RORγt, IL-17, and IL-2. Th17 cells
did not have any direct in vitro tumor cell–killing activity. However, Th17 cells were able to stimulate CD8+ CTL responses via IL-2 and pMHC I, but not IL-17 signaling, which play a major role in Th17-induced preventive immunity against
OVA-expressing B16 melanoma. Th17 cells stimulated the expression of CCL2 and CCL20 in lung tumor microenvironments promoting
the recruitment of various inflammatory leukocytes (DCs, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) stimulating more pronounced therapeutic immunity for early-stage (5-day lung metastases or 3 mm, s.c.) tumor than
for well-established (6 mm, s.c.) tumor. The therapeutic effect of Th17 cells is associated with IL-17 and is mediated by
Th17-stimulated CD8+ CTLs and other inflammatory leukocytes recruited into B16 melanoma via Th17-stimulated CCL20 chemoattraction. Taken together,
our data elucidate a distinct role of Th17 and Th17-stimulated CD8+ CTLs in the induction of preventive and therapeutic antitumor immunity, which may greatly impact the development of Th17-based
cancer immunotherapy. 相似文献
11.
Lionel Loubaki Ikhlass Hadj-Salem Raouia Fakhfakh Eric Jacques Sophie Plante Marc Boisvert Fawzi Aoudjit Jamila Chakir 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Background
Airway inflammation is an important characteristic of asthma and has been associated with airway remodelling and bronchial hyperreactivity. The mucosal microenvironment composed of structural cells and highly specialised extracellular matrix is able to amplify and promote inflammation. This microenvironment leads to the development and maintenance of a specific adaptive response characterized by Th2 and Th17. Bronchial fibroblasts produce multiple mediators that may play a role in maintaining and amplifying this response in asthma.Objective
To investigate the role of bronchial fibroblasts obtained from asthmatic subjects and healthy controls in regulating Th17 response by creating a local micro-environment that promotes this response in the airways.Methods
Human bronchial fibroblasts and CD4+T cells were isolated from atopic asthmatics and non-atopic healthy controls. CD4+T were co-cultured with bronchial fibroblasts of asthmatic subjects and healthy controls. RORc gene expression was detected by qPCR. Phosphorylated STAT-3 and RORγt were evaluated by western blots. Th17 phenotype was measured by flow cytometry. IL-22, IL17, IL-6 TGF-β and IL1-β were assessed by qPCR and ELISA.Results
Co-culture of CD4+T cells with bronchial fibroblasts significantly stimulated RORc expression and induced a significant increase in Th17 cells as characterized by the percentage of IL-17+/CCR6+ staining in asthmatic conditions. IL-17 and IL-22 were increased in both normal and asthmatic conditions with a significantly higher amount in asthmatics compared to controls. IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β and IL-23 were significantly elevated in fibroblasts from asthmatic subjects upon co-culture with CD4+T cells. IL-23 stimulates IL-6 and IL-1β expression by bronchial fibroblasts.Conclusion
Interaction between bronchial fibroblasts and T cells seems to promote specifically Th17 cells profile in asthma. These results suggest that cellular interaction particularly between T cells and fibroblasts may play a pivotal role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in asthma. 相似文献12.
Stian André Engen H?kon Valen Rukke Simone Becattini David Jarrossay Inger Johanne Blix Fernanda Cristina Petersen Federica Sallusto Karl Schenck 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Background
Carriage of and infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is known to predominantly induce T helper 17 (Th17) responses in humans, but the types of Th cells showing reactivity towards commensal streptococci with low pathogenic potential, such as the oral commensals S. mitis and S. salivarius, remain uncharacterized.Methods
Memory CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subsets were isolated from healthy human blood donors according to differential expression of chemokine receptors, expanded in vitro using polyclonal stimuli and characterized for reactivity against different streptococcal strains.Results
Th cells responding to S. mitis, S. salivarius and S. pneumoniae were predominantly in a CCR6+CXCR3+ subset and produced IFN-γ, and in a CCR6+CCR4+ subset and produced IL-17 and IL-22. Frequencies of S. pneumoniae-reactive Th cells were higher than frequencies of S. mitis- and S. salivarius-specific Th cells. S. mitis and S. pneumoniae isogenic capsule knock-out mutants and a S. mitis mutant expressing the serotype 4 capsule of S. pneumoniae showed no different Th cell responses as compared to wild type strains. S. mitis-specific Th17 cells showed cross-reactivity with S. pneumoniae.Conclusions
As Th17 cells partly control clearance of S. pneumoniae, cross-reactive Th17 cells that may be induced by commensal bacterial species may influence the immune response, independent of capsule expression. 相似文献13.
Yanhui Ma Xiangliang Yuan Lin Deng Weiping Xu Yingxia Zheng Chaoyan Yue Guanghui Zhang Fang Xie Yuan H. Yang Michael P. Gantier JunPing Liu Dakang Xu Lisong Shen 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Aims
Extensive evidence suggests inflammatory components participate in the pathogenic processes of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism underlying the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cell peripheral populations in the pathogenesis of ACS.Methods and Results
Using a flow cytometric analysis, we observed a significantly increased frequency of Th17 cells and a concurrently decreased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in patients with ACS. To elucidate the mechanism of Th17/Treg imbalance in ACS, 22 inflammatory cytokines were measured using multiplexed immunobead-based assays. Of six elevated cytokines in ACS patients, only IL-6 was positively correlated with a higher Th17 cell level (r = 0.39, P<0.01). Relying on IL-6 stimulating and neutralizing studies, we demonstrated a direct role for IL-6 in sera from ACS patients with an increased frequency of Th17 cells. IL-6 induces the differentiation of Th17 cells from naïve CD4+ T cells through STAT3 activation and RORγt induction. However, we observed that high levels of TGF-β1 inhibited IL-6-dependent Th17 cell differentiation, indicating a complex interplay between the two cytokines in the control of Th17 and Treg cell populations.Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the role of IL-6-STAT3 signaling in ACS through increased Th17 cell differentiation. These findings indicate that IL-6 neutralizing strategies could present novel therapeutic avenues in the treatment of ACS. 相似文献14.
15.
Romagnani S 《Arthritis research & therapy》2008,10(2):206
The discovery in mice of a new lineage of CD4+ effector T helper (Th) cells that selectively produce IL-17 has provided exciting new insights into immune regulation, host
defence, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory disorders. This population of CD4+ Th cells, which has been termed 'Th17', indeed plays an apparently critical role in the pathogenesis of some murine models
of autoimmunity. Interestingly, murine Th17 cells share a common origin with Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, because both populations are produced in response to transforming growth factor-β, but they develop into
Th17 cells only when IL-6 is simultaneously produced. Initial studies in humans have confirmed the existence of Th17 cells,
but they have shown that the origin of these cells in humans differs from that in mice, with IL-1β and IL-23 being the major
cytokines responsible for their development. Moreover, the presence in the circulation and in various tissues of Th cells
that can produce both IL-17 and interferon-γ, as well as the flexibility of human Th17 clones to produce interferon-γ in addition
to IL-17 in response to IL-12, suggests that there may be a developmental relationship between Th17 and Th1 cells, at least
in humans. Resolving this issue has great implications in tems of establishing the respective pathogenic roles of Th1 and
Th17 cells in autoimmune disorders. In contrast, it is unlikely that Th17 cells contribute to the pathogenesis of human allergic
IgE-mediated disorders, because IL-4 and IL-25 (a powerful inducer of IL-4) are both potent inhibitors of Th17 cell development. 相似文献
16.
Functional and pathogenic differences of Th1 and Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background
There is consensus that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be mediated by myelin specific T cells of Th1 as well as of Th17 phenotype, but the contribution of either subset to the pathogenic process has remained controversial. In this report, we compare functional differences and pathogenic potential of “monoclonal” T cell lines that recognize myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) with the same transgenic TCR but are distinguished by an IFN-γ producing Th1-like and IL-17 producing Th17-like cytokine signature.Methods and Findings
CD4+ T cell lines were derived from the transgenic mouse strain 2D2, which expresses a TCR recognizing MOG peptide 35–55 in the context of I-Ab. Adoptive transfer of Th1 cells into lymphopenic (Rag2−/−) recipients, predominantly induced “classic” paralytic EAE, whereas Th17 cells mediated “atypical” ataxic EAE in approximately 50% of the recipient animals. Combination of Th1 and Th17 cells potentiated the encephalitogenicity inducing classical EAE exclusively. Th1 and Th17 mediated EAE lesions differed in their composition but not in their localization within the CNS. While Th1 lesions contained IFN-γ, but no IL-17 producing T cells, the T cells in Th17 lesions showed plasticity, substantially converting to IFN-γ producing Th1-like cells. Th1 and Th17 cells differed drastically by their lytic potential. Th1 but not Th17 cells lysed autoantigen presenting astrocytes and fibroblasts in vitro in a contact-dependent manner. In contrast, Th17 cells acquired cytotoxic potential only after antigenic stimulation and conversion to IFN-γ producing Th1 phenotype.Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that both Th1 and Th17 lineages possess the ability to induce CNS autoimmunity but can function with complementary as well as differential pathogenic mechanisms. We propose that Th17-like cells producing IL-17 are required for the generation of atypical EAE whereas IFN-γ producing Th1 cells induce classical EAE. 相似文献17.
Taufiqur R. Bhuiyan M M. Towhidul Islam Taher Uddin Mohiul I. Chowdhury Anders Janzon Jenni Adamsson Samuel B. Lundin Firdausi Qadri Anna Lundgren 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Both Th1 and Th17 cells are important components of the immune response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adults, but less is known about T cell responses to Hp during early childhood, when the infection is often acquired. We investigated Th1 and Th17 type responses to Hp in adults, children and infants in Bangladesh, where Hp is highly endemic. IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels in gastric biopsies from Hp-infected Bangladeshi adults were analyzed and compared to levels in infected and uninfected Swedish controls. Since biopsies could not be collected from infants and children, cytokine responses in Bangladeshi infants (6–12 months), children (3–5 years) and adults (>19 years) were instead compared by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a Hp membrane preparation (MP) and analyzing culture supernatants by ELISA and cytometric bead array. We found significantly higher expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA in gastric mucosa of Hp-infected Bangladeshi and Swedish adults compared to uninfected Swedish controls. PBMCs from all age groups produced IL-17 and IFN-γ after MP stimulation, but little Th2 cytokines. IL-17 and IFN-γ were primarily produced by CD4+ T cells, since CD4+ T cell depleted PBMCs produced reduced amounts of these cytokines. Infant cells produced significantly more IL-17, but similar levels of IFN-γ, compared to adult cells after MP stimulation. In contrast, polyclonal stimulation induced lower levels IL-17 and IFN-γ in infant compared to adult PBMCs and CD4+ T cells. The strong IL-17 production in infants after MP stimulation was paralleled by significantly higher production of the IL-17 promoting cytokine IL-1β from infant compared to adult PBMCs and monocytes. In conclusion, these results show that T cells can produce high levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in response to Hp from an early age and indicate a potential role for IL-1β in promoting Th17 responses to Hp during infancy. 相似文献
18.
19.
Yolanda Gonzalez María Teresa Herrera Esmeralda Juárez Miguel Angel Salazar-Lezama Karen Bobadilla Martha Torres 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Alveolar resident memory T cells (TRM) comprise a currently uncharacterized mixture of cell subpopulations. The CD3+CD161+ T cell subpopulation resides in the liver, intestine and skin, but it has the capacity for tissue migration; however, the presence of resident CD3+CD161+ T cells in the bronchoalveolar space under normal conditions has not been reported. Bronchoalveolar cells (BACs) from healthy volunteers were evaluated and found that 8.6% (range 2.5%-21%) of these cells were CD3+ T lymphocytes. Within the CD3+ population, 4.6% of the cells (2.1–11.3) expressed CD161 on the cell surface, and 74.2% of the CD161+CD3+ T cells expressed CD45RO. The number of CD3+CD161+ T cells was significantly lower in the bronchoalveolar space than in the blood (4.6% of BACs vs 8.4% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); P<0.05). We also found that 2.17% of CD4+ T lymphocytes and 1.52% of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed CD161. Twenty-two percent of the alveolar CD3+CD161+ T lymphocytes produced cytokines upon stimulation by PMA plus ionomycin, and significantly more interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was produced compared with other cytokines (P = 0.05). Most alveolar CD3+CD161+ T cells produced interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IFN-γ simultaneously, and the percentage of these cells was significantly higher than the percentage of CD3+CD161− T cells. Moreover, the percentage of alveolar CD3+CD161+ T lymphocytes that produced IFN-γ/IL-17 was significantly higher than those in the peripheral blood (p<0.05). In conclusion, Th1/Th17-CD3+CD161+ TRM could contribute to compartment-specific immune responses in the lung. 相似文献
20.
Xinjuan Liu Na Gao Mengtao Li Dong Xu Yong Hou Qian Wang Guohua Zhang Qiuning Sun Henghui Zhang Xiaofeng Zeng 《PloS one》2013,8(6)