改良CTAB法提取林木树种基因组DNA的研究

目的:验证改良CTAB法提取不同林木树种基因组DNA的效果,寻求一种对于不同林木树种基因组DNA提取普遍使用的方法。方法:采用改良的CTAB法提取22种木本植物基因组DNA,并对其进行定性、定量分析及酶切分析。结果:采用本法可以去除多糖和其他次生代谢物并获得高质量的DNA。结论:该方法可以作为一种适于在实验室进行的林木树种基因组DNA的提取方法。     

改良CTAB法提取番石榴叶片总DNA

目的:从番石榴叶片中快速提取高质量的总DNA。方法:改良CTAB法。主要改进之处在于不用液氮,而是直接研磨硅胶干燥样品;用高浓度CTAB、低浓度乙醇与NaCl盐析相结合等方法去除多糖。结果:应用改良后的方法可以快速提取番石榴叶片总DNA,有效去除组织中的多糖、蛋白质,抑制提取过程中的组织褐变。提取的DNA可用于限制性内切酶酶切和PCR扩增。结论:传统CTAB法经过改良,可用于快速提取番石榴高质量DNA。     

CTAB法提取野野村菌基因组DNA

针对用常规方法难以提取野野村菌基因组DNA的问题,通过选用添加甘氨酸的不同培养基和不同培养时间获得的菌丝体,采用液氮研磨结合CTAB法提取野野村菌DNA,电泳检测及计算OD260/OD280值。结果表明,在添加0.3%甘氨酸的麦芽汁-酵母膏(YE)培养基中振荡培养培养3d的菌丝体适合于DNA提取,用CTAB法获得的基因组DNA,长度约为20kb,且OD260/OD280在1.8左右,达到基因组DNA-DNA杂交的要求。     

高盐沉淀CTAB法提取温室菊花基因组DNA

根据温室菊花植物组织富含多酚、多糖的具体特性,对CTAB法加以改进:在待沉淀液中加入1/2体积5 mol·L～NaCI.改进后的方法获得的DNA质量良好,电泳条带清晰,提取过程无明显的DNA降解,基本上排除了多酚物质的干扰.以提取的DNA为模板,用一对引物扩增菊花中18S基因,得到条带单一,大小与已知一致,说明获得的DNA可以进行PCR扩增,EcoR I 酶切基因组DNA图谱表明,提取的DNA能被限制性内切酶完全酶切,可以满足相关的分子生物学研究.     

一种改良的CTAB法提取产多糖真菌DNA

真菌胞外多糖由于其高吸附高粘稠特点,是困扰从胞外多糖产生菌分离高纯度DNA的难点之一。本文以生产硬葡聚糖的齐整小核菌生产菌为代表,采用改良的CTAB法获得了高质量的基因组DNA。通过分层隔离等培养方法的优化降低硬葡聚糖的产生,并在传统CTAB法的基础上,用高浓度的醋酸钾和无水乙醇共同作用初步沉淀多糖,再用CTAB/NaCl溶液再次去除多糖。相比于商业的DNA提取试剂盒和传统的CTAB法,该方法得到的基因组DNA产率大幅提高,纯度较好,可充分排除胞外多糖的干扰,为各典型产胞外多糖的真菌DNA提取提供重要的参考。提取的基因组DNA可用于基因组文库构建、PCR等分子生物学实验。     

西双版纳小耳猪DNA指纹分析

采用ECL核酸直接标记和检测试剂盒,以HRP标记JL-02多位点探针,对云南版纳小耳猪的HinfI或HaeⅢ酶切图谱进行Southern杂交,以化学发光法进行检测,获得了清晰可辨的、具有高度多态性的DNA指纹图谱.大于2kb的谱带数在13～17条之间,JB亚系内805、807家系和JS亚系内111、121、133、151家系不同个体间的相似系数分别为0.92±0.04、0.85±0.13、0.86±0.02、0.80±0.05、0.84±0.09、0.88士0.08,显著高于家系间的相似系数.JB亚系内的805家系和JS亚系内的151家系不同个体间的相似系数最大,分别为0.92和0.88,说明其近交程度较高,个体间差异较小,均一性较强.另外,JB亚系内的805与807两个家系不同个体猪在11.5kb处,均有一条区别于其他家系的特有图带,其是否是导致JB亚系体型较大的特异性基因座,有待进一步研究。Abstract:Clearly and highly polymorphic DNA fingerprints from Banna miniature pig were obtained by Southern hybridization with a nonisotopieally HRP(Horseradish peroxidase)labelled multiloci minisatellite probe JL-02,the fragment number of which were ranged from 13 to 17.The similarity coefficient of various individuals from family “805”,“807” in substrain JB and family “111”,“121”,“133”,“151” in substrain JS was 0.92 + 0.04,0.85 + 0.13,0.86 +- 0.02,0.80 +0.05,0.84 + 0.09,0.88 + 0.08,which is higher than that bet ween families(0.46~0.65).Furtherly,similarity coefficients of family “805” in substrain JB and family “151” in substrain JS were 0.92 and 0.88 respectively.This showed that the two families have the higher inbreeding degree,smaller genetic difference,among individuals and the better homogeneity.In addition,all individuals from family 805,807 in substrain JB have a unique fragment different from other individuals from other families,which is abount 11.5kb long.This suggested that this may be the gene resulted in large bodyweight of substrain JB,further research is necessary to be conducted.     

用于SCAR检测的基因组DNA简易提取法

用一种简单的方法,无需接触有毒的有机试剂,无需离心,即可从小麦叶片中提取完整的基因组DNA,质量满足SCAR检测的要求,该方法可在短时间内制备大量样品,适于进行遗传连锁性分析时对F2分离群体的单株检测和分子标记辅助选择时筛选育种材料,操作简单,实用性强,值得推广。     

应用改良CTAB法提取树莓DNA最佳条件的探索

目的:改良CTAB法提取三种树莓叶DNA最佳条件的探索及检测DNA的完整度。方法:通过改良CTAB法提取树莓叶三个品种的基因组DNA。结果:经检测,所提样品OD260/OD280值在1.6~1.9之间,得率为198~396ng/μl,电泳条带较清晰,无明显拖尾现象;提取最佳条件为水浴时间90min、CTAB抽提液浓度3%时,发现DNA完整性较好、纯度较高,可以满足相关的分子生物学研究需要。结论:该研究可以为树莓叶分子生物学的后续研究的开展奠定实验基础。     

甘蔗基因组DNA小量提取与大量提取方法研究

甘蔗的叶片中含有大量的多糖、多酚类和RNA等物质,对甘蔗分子生物学实验带来了极大的影响.本研究利用改良的CTAB对甘蔗基因组DNA进行小量提取法与大量提取方法的研究,本方法操作简单,DNA完整性好、产量高、纯度高可满足大部分分子实验的需要.     

苎麻总DNA提取的CTAB法优化方案

根据苎麻组织自身含有较多的本分类,粘状物及黄酮类等次生代谢物质的特点,对CTAB法进行优化后用于提取苎麻组织总DNA。在研磨过程中加入抗氧化剂PVP,提取缓冲液加入终浓度6%的PVP和4%的β-巯基乙醇,可防止整个提取过程中溶液变褐;在第2次用氯仿/异戊醇抽提时,加入10%的CTAB和4%的NaCl高盐溶液,以除去多糖。经几种改良方案提取总DNA的ISSR-PCR扩增结果验证,以同时加入抗氧化剂和高盐溶液的CTAB-4法效果最好。     

A novel calmodulin-like protein gene in rice which has an unusual prolonged C-terminal sequence carrying a putative prenylation site.

A rice cDNA encoding a novel calmodulin-like protein was identified. It has 38 additional amino acids at the C-terminus of a complete, typical calmodulin (CaM) sequence of 149 amino acids. The four C-terminal amino acid residues form a CAAL motif which could be a site for protein prenylation and may subsequently cause the protein to become membrane associated. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that such a combined protein gene truly exists in rice. Sequence analysis of its genomic counterpart showed that there is an intron located at junction of the normal CaM sequence and the 38 C-terminal amino acids. This introduces a potential stop codon for normal CaM if an alternative splicing mechanism is involved. Southern blot analysis of rice genomic DNA revealed that there is only one locus for this gene. The northern blot analysis showed that this gene is highly expressed in rice roots, shoots and flowers. The distribution of this protein demonstrates the functional importance of this novel CaM-like protein in rice.     

广西HBsAg阳性母亲的胎儿肝、肾细胞中乙肝病毒DNA存在状态的研究

采用核酸分子杂交Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法,以３２Ｐ标记的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为探针,检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲引产的４０例胎儿的肝、肾组织。结果有２例胎肝和１例胎肾细胞ＤＮＡ出现大于３．２ｋｂ的杂交带,表明ＨＢＶＤＮＡ已处于整合状态。胎肾细胞基因组中查出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合为首次报道。     

Presence, isolation and characterization of yolk DNA from chicken eggs

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Preparing high-quality DNA from moss (Physcomitrella patens)

Physcomitrella patens, a moss, is the only land plant that performs high rates of homologous recombination, making it a valuable tool for functional genomics. Unfortunately, commercially available plant DNA preparation kits are ineffective withPhyscomitrella. Furthermore, labor-intensive CTAB preparations produce low yields, and the DNA is degraded and contaminated. We present a protocol that is faster and doubles the DNA yield obtained from standard procedures. The high-quality DNA prepared is suitable for PCR reactions and Southern blot analysis.     

化学发光Southern blot法检测HBV体外复制及其应用于药物对HBV的抑制分析

目的：建立化学发光Southern blot检测细胞内HBV DNA的方法,同时检测3种不同靶点抗乙肝药物的体外作用。方法：用地高辛标记HBV探针,优化杂交条件,检测来自HepG2及HepG2.2.15 HBV DNA复制中间体;利用建立的化学发光Southern blot检测HBV DNA的方法检测经拉米夫定、Bay41-4109、α-Galcer以不同药物浓度处理的HepG2.2.15HBV DNA复制中间体的水平。结果：（1）标记的HBV探针的检测灵敏度为0.1pg,杂交系统的检测灵敏度为1pg,可检测到HepG2.2.15细胞内的HBV DNA特异性信号;（2）以该法检测胞内HBV DNA可见3种药物都有明显的抑制作用,其半数有效量（IC50）分别为1.53μmol/L、0.41μmol/L、0.01μmol/L。结论：胞质HBV DNA的水平能准确地反映不同靶点抗HBV药物的抗病毒效果,建议在观察药物特别是中药抗病毒研究中采用。     

Mini-prep method suitable for a plant breeding program

Plant breeders need a nondestructive and inexpensive protocol to screen large numbers of plants early after sowing. Isolation of DNA represents one of the limiting steps in this process: normally a person is capable of isolating 25 to 50 samples per day. To speed up the isolation of DNA in marker-assisted plant breeding programs, a CTAB mini-prep was modified into an inexpensive and nondestructive procedure. With this protocol a single individual can isolate 200 to 250 samples per day of high-quality DNA that is immediately suitable for testing by PCR. The amounts of DNA isolated are sufficient for about 150 PCR amplifications. These improvements are achieved by eliminating time-consuming and noncritical steps in the standard protocol, such as extensive grinding, washing with ethanol, and treatment with RNAse A.     

发根农杆菌转化怀地黄再生植株

利用发根农杆菌15834菌株感染怀地黄组培苗子叶、叶柄和茎切段,建立了有效的毛状根培养及其植株再生体系。毛状根可直接从受伤的外植体产生,能在无外源激素的1/2MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。用100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮处理对数生长期的农杆菌菌液感染子叶获得了46.7%的最高转化频率;在附加0.2mg/L KT和3.0mg/L 6/BA的1/2 MS培养基上,毛状根能100%形成愈伤组织,51.49%分化出芽;分化芽在1/2 MS培养基上100%生根,形成具有矮化、节间短和根系发达等特征的转化再生植株且移栽后生长旺盛;1个转化毛状根克隆的梓醇含量为0.557mg/g,是鲜地黄梓醇含量的48.5%,是生地鲜重梓醇含量的18%。rolB基因PCR、Southem blot分析、冠瘿碱纸电泳和RT-PCR扩增检测证明农杆菌Ri质粒上的T-DNA整合到怀地黄基因组中并表达。     

Long-term room temperature storage of high-quality embryonic stem cell genomic DNA extracted with a simple and rapid procedure.

A very simple procedure for the isolation of high-quality, high-molecular-weight genomic DNA from embryonic stem cells is described. The DNA is very stable once dried and can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration. Living cells are lysed in a sodium dodecyl sulfate and EDTA buffer containing proteinase K and then air-dried. Samples can be processed in bulk, and an individual can easily process thousands of samples for extraction and shipment on a daily basis using only common laboratory materials such as plastic ware and a multichannel pipetteman.     

水稻基因组DNA微量提取

随着植物学向分子水平的深入发展,研究中经常需要获得高质量的植物DNA样品,因此,建立植物DNA提取与纯化的常规实验方法对教学和科研都显得非常必要。介绍一种快速提取微量DNA的方法,该方法简单易行,无需任何特殊设备,所需样品量少,提取的DNA纯度高,可满足以PCR扩增为基础的实验需要。