共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
Simone Des Roches Kristien I. Brans Max R. Lambert L. Ruth Rivkin Amy Marie Savage Christopher J. Schell Cristian Correa Luc De Meester Sarah E. Diamond Nancy B. Grimm Nyeema C. Harris Lynn Govaert Andrew P. Hendry Marc T. J. Johnson Jason Munshi-South Eric P. Palkovacs Marta Szulkin Mark C. Urban Brian C. Verrelli Marina Alberti 《Evolutionary Applications》2021,14(1):248-267
Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between nature and human society. Characteristics of human society—including culture, economics, technology and politics—underlie social patterns and activity, creating a heterogeneous environment that can influence and be influenced by both ecological and evolutionary processes. Increasing research on urban ecology and evolutionary biology has coincided with growing interest in eco-evolutionary dynamics, which encompasses the interactions and reciprocal feedbacks between evolution and ecology. Research on both urban evolutionary biology and eco-evolutionary dynamics frequently focuses on contemporary evolution of species that have potentially substantial ecological—and even social—significance. Still, little work fully integrates urban evolutionary biology and eco-evolutionary dynamics, and rarely do researchers in either of these fields fully consider the role of human social patterns and processes. Because cities are fundamentally regulated by human activities, are inherently interconnected and are frequently undergoing social and economic transformation, they represent an opportunity for ecologists and evolutionary biologists to study urban “socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics.” Through this new framework, we encourage researchers of urban ecology and evolution to fully integrate human social drivers and feedbacks to increase understanding and conservation of ecosystems, their functions and their contributions to people within and outside cities. 相似文献
2.
Yue Weng;William Joseph McShea;Hongbo Yang;Zhuojin Zhang;Weiming Lin;Fang Wang; 《Conservation Science and Practice》2024,6(7):e13156
Many domestic animals have a profound impact on endangered species through complex interactions and spillover effects in and between coupled human and natural systems. A thorough understanding of the driving forces of human decisions regarding how domestic animals are kept is therefore critical to promote the synergy of human livelihood and biodiversity conservation. Working in the Qinling Mountains of China, we conducted a multidisciplinary study using a structural equation model (SEM) to link households' demographic and economic conditions, peoples attitudes and activities with their decisions, and further investigated how such process influences the potential negative impact of free-ranging dogs on wildlife. Among 139 blood and saliva samples collected from dogs that were owned by local villagers but allowed to roam freely, 33.3% were positive for at least one of three viral infections, including canine distemper (28.2%), canine parvovirus (25.6%), and rabies virus prevalence (10.3%). SEM modeling revealed that human activity (β = 0.27, p = .012) has significantly increased dogs' potential negative impacts on wildlife by increasing the number of dogs and their direct contact with wildlife, as well as their larger movement range. Conversely, improvement in demographic and economic conditions (β = −0.22, p = .011) and human attitudes (β = −0.51, p = .013) suppresses the influence of free roaming dogs on wildlife. Meanwhile, livelihoods dependent on natural resources increased the likelihood of owners having dog practice that may negatively impact wildlife (β = 0.54, p < .001), without improving the economic conditions of the residents (β = −0.26, p < .001). Based on the above results, we recommend a program that combines educational and conservation efforts to encourages local residents in more responsible dog ownership and recommend reserve managers provide financial incentives to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. 相似文献
3.
远程耦合系统(远距离人类‑自然耦合系统之间社会经济和环境的相互作用)是可持续发展研究最新的理论与实践工具,可在多层次时空尺度上研究人类与自然可持续发展问题。随着全球化不断增强,偏远保护区与外界(如城市)的联系愈加紧密,形成多种远程耦合系统。目前,针对人与自然耦合关系的研究集中在保护区内,而关于保护区远程耦合系统的模式与机制研究尚处于起步阶段。本文基于先前开展的保护区人类与自然耦合系统和远程耦合系统研究进行分析,从远程耦合系统理论框架、我国保护区主要远程耦合系统类型及自然干扰下保护区远程耦合系统的动态变化3个方面介绍保护区远程耦合系统研究进展。本文旨在系统梳理保护区远程耦合系统的内涵、类型与动态特征,以促进其理论发展,并针对基于远程耦合系统框架上的保护区社会经济与环境可持续发展研究应用提出展望。 相似文献
4.
为深入探究人地系统的研究动态及热点,借助VOSviewer可视化软件,基于Web of Science Core collection (WoSCC)数据库,对1994—2023年国际上人地系统耦合相关文献的逐年发表数量、主要研究力量、关键词共现情况及突现词等进行可视化分析,并运用活力指数(activity index,AI)和吸引力指数(attraction index, AAI)评价不同国家在该领域的研究效率和学术影响力。研究发现:(1)人地耦合研究分为三个阶段:起步阶段(1994—1999年)、波动增长阶段(2000—2008年)、快速发展阶段(2009—2023年),研究数量、尺度及方法都在不断提升。(2)中国在人地耦合领域的研究强度呈现迅猛增加的趋势,但学术影响力及国际合作仍有待加强。(3)城镇化背景下的生态系统保护、修复及管理是当前人地耦合领域的研究重点,未来应尤其注意中、大尺度的多要素、多系统耦合分析方法、框架及模型的研发,同时以要素间、系统间的耦合机制为科学基础,构建以自然保护为根本、社会高质量发展为目标、政策制度为重要手段的自然-经济-社会系统一体化管理模式。此外,应... 相似文献
5.
国家加大生态保护与建设力度背景下,我国西南喀斯特石漠化面积实现\"持续净减少\",面临由传统高强度人为干扰向大规模自然恢复与人工造林的转变,石漠化治理也面临转型。现有喀斯特生态研究已阐明了喀斯特脆弱生态系统人为干扰退化机制,初步揭示了生态治理改善生态系统结构与功能的恢复机理,突破了保土集水与植被恢复的适应性石漠化治理技术与模式,评估了石漠化治理显著加速区域植被生长与恢复的固碳效应。但目前石漠化治理面临着治理成效巩固困难、治理技术与模式缺乏区域针对性、大规模低效人工林亟待改造、社会人文驱动机制不清等问题。未来喀斯特生态恢复应聚焦石漠化治理提质增效,从侧重单一生态要素、单一生态过程的研究向多要素综合、多过程综合以及喀斯特地表-地下过程耦合、景观格局与生态过程耦合、生态过程与生态系统服务耦合、自然与人文过程耦合等陆地表层系统集成的方向发展,为我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化治理与扶贫开发成效巩固、乡村振兴与美丽中国战略的实施提供科技支撑。 相似文献
6.
科学有效的生态监管是落实我国生态文明建设、保障区域生态安全、实现城市可持续发展的必要途径和重要抓手。生态系统的监管涉及到社会、经济、自然等多个维度,水、土、气、生等多类要素,国家到局地等多个尺度。目前,已有生态监管常存在生态系统、生态要素、行政单元的割裂。如何整体考虑以上特征,开展科学的、系统的、空间显性的生态监管亟需理论技术的创新。通过整合等级斑块动态范式、复合生态系统理论、多功能景观理论,构建了多等级生态功能网格框架,以期为生态监管提供一个综合的概念与技术框架。等级斑块动态范式从等级作用的角度构建了多等级网格骨架,复合生态系统理论从多个维度丰富了多等级网格内涵,多功能景观理论明确了网格的功能。通过耦合多等级生态功能网格的划分、评价和监管,可实现系统、整体、差异化的生态监管,为生态文明建设提供有力支撑。 相似文献
7.
城市作为人类生存与发展的主要空间载体,是人与自然耦合系统的典型代表。城市人与自然协调度是认识人与自然耦合机制重要内容,对揭示城市人类活动对生态环境的影响,指导城市建设具有重要意义。从水资源开发强度、土地开发强度、水资源供给能力、环境污染物排放强度与碳排放强度五个方面分析城市人与自然协调度特征,评估城市建设与发展对自然环境的影响程度,并评估了我国146个城市的协调度特征,进一步分析了城市人口规模、城市经济规模、城市社会发展水平、不同生态地理区人与自然耦合协调度的关系。结果表明:2016年城市平均协调度指数为87.90,不同城市的协调度差距很大且协调度与城市人口规模、经济规模、发展水平呈显著负相关,而六大生态地理区中,西南地区协调度最高,协调度指数为92.81,西北地区协调度最低,协调度指数为82.25。研究发现我国城市建设与发展对自然环境影响仍然较大,并表现为(1)我国城市发展总体仍处于高需求高排放的发展阶段;(2)生态环境承载力是影响城市人与自然耦合协调度的重要因素;(3)提高能源利用效率,降低碳排放强度在改善城市人与自然协调度中发挥作用。最后,从优化城市布局、提高水、能源利用效率、控制环境污染等方面提出政策建议,为评估城市生态文明建设与可持续发展提供参考与依据。 相似文献
8.
什么是可持续性科学 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
可持续发展是我们时代的主题,也是人类面临的最大挑战.自20世纪70年代,尤其是近20年来,可持续发展的概念日益频繁地出现在学术文章、政府文件以及公益宣传和商业广告之中.然而,为可持续发展提供理论基础和实践指导的科学——可持续性科学——是在21世纪初才开始形成的.该科学在短短的十几年中迅速开拓、不断发展,正在形成其科学概念框架和研究体系.中国是世界大国,是可持续性科学的哲学思想——“天人合一”——的故乡,有必要承担起时代之重任,在追求“中国梦”的同时促进全球可持续发展,并积极参与进而引领可持续性科学的研究和实践.为了帮助实现这一宏伟而远大目标,本文拟对可持续性科学的基本概念、研究论题和发展前景作一概述.可持续性科学是研究人与环境之间动态关系——特别是耦合系统的脆弱性、抗扰性、弹性和稳定性——的整合型科学.它穿越自然科学和人文与社会科学,以环境、经济和社会的相互关系为核心,将基础性研究和应用研究融为一体.可持续发展的核心内容往往因时、因地、 因人而异.因此,可持续性科学必须注重多尺度研究,同时应特别关注 50到100年的时间尺度和景观以及区域的空间尺度. 景观和区域不但是最可操作的空间尺度,同时也是上通全球、下达局地的枢纽尺度.可持续性科学需要聚焦于生态系统服务和人类福祉的相互关系,进而探讨生物多样性和生态系统过程,以及气候变化、土地利用变化和其他社会经济驱动过程对这一关系的影响.我们认为,景观和可持续性是可持续性科学的核心研究内容,也将是可持续性科学在以后几十年的研究热点. 相似文献
9.
T. Mitchell Aide H. Ricardo Grau Jordan Graesser Maria Jose Andrade‐Nuez Ezequiel Aroz Ana P. Barros Marconi Campos‐Cerqueira Eulogio Chacon‐Moreno Francisco Cuesta Raul Espinoza Manuel Peralvo Molly H. Polk Ximena Rueda Adriana Sanchez Kenneth R. Young Lucía Zarb Karl S. Zimmerer 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(6):2112-2126
The interactions between climate and land‐use change are dictating the distribution of flora and fauna and reshuffling biotic community composition around the world. Tropical mountains are particularly sensitive because they often have a high human population density, a long history of agriculture, range‐restricted species, and high‐beta diversity due to a steep elevation gradient. Here we evaluated the change in distribution of woody vegetation in the tropical Andes of South America for the period 2001–2014. For the analyses we created annual land‐cover/land‐use maps using MODIS satellite data at 250 m pixel resolution, calculated the cover of woody vegetation (trees and shrubs) in 9,274 hexagons of 115.47 km2, and then determined if there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) 14 year linear trend (positive—forest gain, negative—forest loss) within each hexagon. Of the 1,308 hexagons with significant trends, 36.6% (n = 479) lost forests and 63.4% (n = 829) gained forests. We estimated an overall net gain of ~500,000 ha in woody vegetation. Forest loss dominated the 1,000–1,499 m elevation zone and forest gain dominated above 1,500 m. The most important transitions were forest loss at lower elevations for pastures and croplands, forest gain in abandoned pastures and cropland in mid‐elevation areas, and shrub encroachment into highland grasslands. Expert validation confirmed the observed trends, but some areas of apparent forest gain were associated with new shade coffee, pine, or eucalypt plantations. In addition, after controlling for elevation and country, forest gain was associated with a decline in the rural population. Although we document an overall gain in forest cover, the recent reversal of forest gains in Colombia demonstrates that these coupled natural‐human systems are highly dynamic and there is an urgent need of a regional real‐time land‐use, biodiversity, and ecosystem services monitoring network. 相似文献
10.
Sahila Kudalkar;Diogo Veríssimo; 《Conservation Science and Practice》2024,6(8):e13191
Media campaigns can spur conservation action but may alienate local communities. Transforming such action into self-sustaining community-based conservation involves effective governance that rapidly integrates knowledge of resource dynamics, establishes flexible institutions, and fosters multilevel networks. This study examines the emergence of community-based conservation in response to a media campaign to protect migratory Amur falcons, illustrating shifts in governance and power dynamics that enabled local community ownership. Although conservation developed in the absence of an adequate preparation phase, external engagement, incentives, and recognition of local institutions' legitimacy were instrumental in fostering collective action. This research showcases how community-based conservation initiatives can be triggered by external social pressure but also how the long-term sustainability relies on effective governance that respects local institutions and employs cooperative strategies to build trust and foster ownership among local communities. 相似文献
11.
Rounsevell MD Robinson DT Murray-Rust D 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2012,367(1586):259-269
The ecosystem service concept has emphasized the role of people within socio-ecological systems (SESs). In this paper, we review and discuss alternative ways of representing people, their behaviour and decision-making processes in SES models using an agent-based modelling (ABM) approach. We also explore how ABM can be empirically grounded using information from social survey. The capacity for ABM to be generalized beyond case studies represents a crucial next step in modelling SESs, although this comes with considerable intellectual challenges. We propose the notion of human functional types, as an analogy of plant functional types, to support the expansion (scaling) of ABM to larger areas. The expansion of scope also implies the need to represent institutional agents in SES models in order to account for alternative governance structures and policy feedbacks. Further development in the coupling of human-environment systems would contribute considerably to better application and use of the ecosystem service concept. 相似文献
12.
Kathleen A. Galvin Philip K. Thornton Joana Roque de Pinho Jennifer Sunderland Randall B. Boone 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(2):155-183
A major challenge for contemporary conservation policies and practices is formulating workable compromises between wildlife conservation and the people who live with wildlife. We strongly support the view that anthropology has a critical role to play in contributing to our understanding of human-environment interactions. The study of complex biophysical and human systems can be greatly assisted by appropriate simulation models that integrate what is known about ecological and human decision-making processes. We have developed an integrated modeling system for assessing scenarios in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in northern Tanzania to modify the situation there to improve human welfare without compromising conservation value. We present the results of some scenarios that indicate that the current situation there is not sustainable, and that tough policy decisions need to be taken if household well-being of the pastoralists who live there is to be improved or even sustained. 相似文献
13.
Jacob J. Bukoski;Scott R. Atkinson;Marissa Anne S. Miller;Diego A. Sancho-Gallegos;Mara Arroyo;Kellee Koenig;Dan R. Reineman;John N. Kittinger; 《Conservation Science and Practice》2024,6(9):e13193
Surf breaks are increasingly recognized as socio-environmental phenomena that provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation and sustained benefits for local communities. Here, we examine an additional benefit from improved conservation of the ecosystems that host and surround surf breaks—their coincidence with carbon dense coastal ecosystems. Using global spatial datasets of irrecoverable carbon (defined as carbon stocks that, if lost today, could not be recovered within 30 years' time), surf break locations, ecosystem types, protected areas, and Key Biodiversity Areas, we identified 88.3 million tonnes of irrecoverable carbon held in surf ecosystems. Of this total, 17.2 million tonnes are found in Key Biodiversity Areas without formal measures of protection. These results highlight surf conservation as a potential avenue to simultaneously mitigate climate change, protect biodiversity, and promote sustainable development in coastal communities. 相似文献
14.
国土空间生态修复分区有助于推动生态修复工作的整体性和系统性。利用国土空间生态安全格局理论进行生态修复分区是一种较为经典的模式,但现有分区技术方案对高强度人类活动导致的土地利用景观变化考虑不足,不能很好的适应城市群尺度国土空间生态安全格局的塑造需求。设计了一种基于情景模拟的国土空间生态修复分区方案,该框架首先通过耦合空间马尔科夫链与元胞自动机模型模拟城镇化发展末期的土地利用景观格局;然后利用\"生态源地-生态廊道-生态网络\"理论构建国土空间生态安全格局基本骨架;最后根据最小累积阻力模型划分出生态修复关键区、调节区和双修区等类型。粤港澳大湾区案例研究表明:(1)土地利用景观变化对生态修复分区方案影响较大,不同景观格局导致的分区规模差异可达国土空间的10%左右;(2)国土空间生态修复分区需要充分考虑高强度人类活动对景观格局变化的潜在影响,进而使得生态修复分区政策更有利于国土空间生态安全格局塑造目标的实现。研究构建的国土空间生态修复分区技术方案可进一步深化生态安全格局理论在国土空间规划应用上的认知。 相似文献
15.
2016年莫兰蒂台风对厦门城市社会-生态系统造成重创,该系统在灾害影响下的脆弱性成为亟待研究的重要问题。基于新浪微博平台进行大数据挖掘,结合统计年鉴及空间基础数据,建立台风灾害影响下基于暴露-敏感-应对-恢复力体系的海岸带城市社会-生态系统脆弱性指标体系,评估灾前灾后台风对厦门不同地区的影响;同时根据微博大数据的定位信息,对不同受灾信息进行灾情跟踪及分析,结果表明,在本次台风灾害中思明、湖里区表现出的脆弱性较低,而海沧、集美区表现出的脆弱性较高,主要是由于思明、湖里区的应对能力明显高于其他各区,从大数据显示的恢复情况来看,除海沧区外,其他三区在电力方面的恢复速度都较为迅速。研究成果能够为台风灾害背景下的城市脆弱性评价提供新的方法与技术,为灾前防治、灾后恢复提供决策参考。 相似文献
16.
从20世纪60年代脆弱性概念提出到21世纪脆弱性逐渐成为一门独立的新科学,脆弱性已成为评价地区发展状况的依据以及衡量未来发展规划的判据。基于国内外脆弱性研究文献的回顾和总结,回顾了脆弱性概念起源与发展,梳理了脆弱性评价的定性和定量方法,科学评述了21世纪以来脆弱性研究的新进展:评价方法创新、多尺度精细评价、多源数据挖掘、关键要素阈值界定、人为活动影响和脆弱性演化机理综合研究。研究发现21世纪以来脆弱性进展迅速,主要特点为多元化、多角度、精细化和综合化,表现为评价数据和方法的多元化;横向空间对比和纵向时间序列的多角度分析;多尺度精细评价;关键要素阈值与演化机理综合研究。未来,脆弱性研究应完善脆弱性概念框架和理论体系,关注耦合系统脆弱性过程与机制,探究脆弱性驱动因素和演化机理,科学界定脆弱性关键要素阈值,挖掘和提取多源遥感数据信息,开展系统脆弱性动态评价和时空分析,实现脆弱性定量评价与综合实践,最终满足国家和地区可持续发展战略的需要。 相似文献
17.
宜居性是自然生态环境和人文社会环境的有机统一体,厘清高寒生态功能区宜居性及其阻滞因子,是精准提升生态安全屏障内宜居水平并促进其人与自然和谐共生的重要前提。基于城乡宜居性评价基本范式、顾及高寒生态功能区人居系统的独特性,从自然与人文耦合视域构建由自然环境、居住环境、设施环境、社会环境4个维度、8个一级指标及24个二级指标组成的高寒生态功能区宜居性指标体系,以青海省45个县域单元为例定量评价其宜居性及阻滞因子,并探讨宜居性与生态重要性、社会经济发展状态的交互关系。结果显示:(1)青海省总体宜居水平偏低,并呈现由河湟谷地生态区、柴达木盆地生态区、环青海湖生态区、三江源生态区依次递减的地域分异;(2)宜居水平和生态重要性的空间耦合不协调,三江源生态区等生态重要区的宜居水平低,宜居水平与人口规模、经济发展均成正比;(3)青海省宜居性主要受到居住环境和社会环境的阻滞,生态地理分区层面,在自然因子的主要制约下,三江源生态区、环青海湖生态区、柴达木盆地生态区分别受设施、居住、社会环境的强约束;(4)针对不同生态地理分区宜居性特征提出未来人口引导及宜居性优化模式,即按宜居性及社会经济生态引力明确人口集聚型、疏散型和稳定型3种空间集疏类型,通过人口城镇化、就业移民、教育移民等跨区域移民及就近生态移民增强宜居性与人口分布的空间适配性,以三江源生态区等弱势区域以及饮水设施、道路设施、物流配送、网络通讯等基础设施阻滞因子为重点,提升高寒生态功能区人居系统的设施配置与供给能力。 相似文献
18.
Alex McInturff Jennifer R. B. Miller Kaitlyn M. Gaynor Justin S. Brashares 《Conservation Science and Practice》2021,3(3):e175
Conflict between livestock producers and wild predators is a central driver of large predator declines and simultaneously may imperil the lives and livelihoods of livestock producers. There is a growing recognition that livestock–predator conflict is a socio-ecological problem, but few case studies exist to guide conflict research and management from this point of view. Here we present a case study of coyote-sheep predation on a California ranch in which we combine methods from the rapidly growing field of predation risk modeling with participatory mapping of perceptions of predation risk. Our findings reveal an important selection bias that may occur when producer perceptions and decisions are excluded from ecological methods of studying conflict. We further demonstrate how producer inputs, participatory mapping, and ecological modeling of conflict can inform one another in understanding patterns, drivers, and management opportunities for livestock–predator conflict. Finally, we make recommendations for improving the interoperability of ecological and social data about predation risk. Collectively our methods offer a socio-ecological approach that fills important research gaps and offers guidance to future research. 相似文献
19.
城乡结合部往往是人-环境系统关系最严峻的地区之一.20世纪80年代以来,城市扩张在城乡结合部所引起的生态环境效应受到了越来越多研究者的关注.城乡结合部土地利用/覆盖变化的监测、模拟及其驱动力分析,自然与农业生态系统的演变与调控,以及环境污染等逐渐成为研究热点.众多研究证实了人类活动干扰下城乡结合部环境系统的脆弱性,生态退化和环境污染往往十分严重.城乡结合部环境系统的演变对人类社会经济系统的反馈影响也受到一些研究者的关注.研究认为城乡结合部自然和农业生态系统的丧失不仅危及到当地居民的生计,也对当地社会资本造成影响,并有可能引发一些社会矛盾.目前,针对城乡结合部人-环境系统关系的研究,多采用单学科的方法进行,系统的综合性研究还较少,难以揭示该区域人-环境系统错综复杂的交互作用关系;在研究尺度上,往往从宏观或中观尺度人手,研究城乡结合部的外部力量对环境系统的影响,微观尺度上的个体和地方力量很少被关注.未来有必要进一步加强该区域人-环境系统关系的跨学科、多尺度的综合性研究. 相似文献
20.
再论可持续性科学: 新形势与新机遇 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近10年来,可持续性科学蓬勃发展,已成为21世纪全球普遍关注的一个重要的新科学领域.然而,在大力提倡可持续发展和生态文明建设的中国,可持续性科学尚未引起科学家和实践者的足够重视.为促进可持续性科学在中国的发展,2014年邬建国等曾撰文介绍什么是可持续性科学.本文进一步探讨了这一问题,并补充阐述了可持续性科学与可持续发展研究的关系、可持续性科学的科学范式及其8个基本论题.基于对可持续性科学发展动态的分析,作者认为,一方面,可持续性科学已进入系统推进的成熟发展期;另一方面,虽然我国可持续发展研究、实践与教育的热情高涨,但在可持续性科学领域起步较晚,落后于主要发达国家和南非.为此,本文在文献综述的基础上,提出促进中国发展可持续性科学的“三位一体”策略:一是“请进来”以服务中国实践;二是“走出去”以贡献中国智慧;三是“中西医结合”以引领学科发展. 相似文献

