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1.
稻绿核菌〔Ustilaginoideavirens(Cke.)Tak.〕又名稻曲拟黑粉菌[1],其子实体即为中药的粳谷奴,治走马喉痹[2],ShibataS.报道稻绿核含有稻核黑粉菌素(ustilaginoidins)[3]。YabutaT.andSumikiY.检测证?..  相似文献   

2.
【目的】为探明细胞壁和细胞内脂肪酸成分及含量与细胞抗逆性的关系,【方法】采用酸热法、索氏提取法、有机溶剂法对稻曲病菌的厚垣孢子壁进行脂肪酸提取,并采用气相色谱检测其脂肪酸的组成和含量。【结果】采用酸热法提取脂肪酸效果最好,以该方法提取测定稻曲病菌黄色、黄绿色、黑色厚垣孢子壁饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为26.92%、17.23%、23.71%,其不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为60.46%、61.52%、70.64%;厚垣孢子总(沉淀孢子壁和上清液)饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为28.87%、21.00%、24.04%,厚垣孢子总不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为55.43%、55.87%、63.89%。硬脂酸在厚垣孢子壁中的含量:黄色>黄绿色>黑色;不饱和脂肪酸中顺式-5,8,11,14,17二十碳五烯酸(EPA)在厚垣孢子壁的含量:黑色>黄绿色>黄色。【结论】在3种颜色厚垣孢子中,黑色休眠型厚垣孢子在孢子壁、总不饱和脂肪酸含量均最高,表明不饱和脂肪酸的含量提高,有利于厚垣孢子的休眠越冬。  相似文献   

3.
稻绿核菌(稻曲病菌)分离方法的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
作者对不同情况下稻曲病菌的分离方法进行了比较研究。结果表明成熟早期稻曲球上的绝大多数新鲜的厚垣孢子具有萌发能力,及时进行分离培养是病原菌成功分离的关键。随保存时间的延长,厚垣孢子萌发能力急剧下降;消毒处理可杀死大部分的厚垣孢子。菌核可长期保存并保持极高的萌发生长能力,是稻曲病菌分离最为理想的材料。稻曲球中部的致密菌丝组织分离难度较大,只能作为稻曲病菌分离的一种补救方法。  相似文献   

4.
探究稻曲病菌Ustiloginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi厚垣孢子壁多糖的最佳提取方法,为孢壁多糖含量和组成的研究提供基础.采用5种方法提取该病菌黑色厚垣孢子壁多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量.经研究比较,最佳提取方法为复合酶-热水浸提-sevag法,最佳提取条件是复合酶量4%,pH 4,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间120 min,物料比1:75(V/V);在优选的方法和条件下,测定稻曲病菌黑色厚垣孢子壁粗多糖相对得率21.2%,多糖含量72 3%;黄色厚垣孢子壁粗多糖相对得率17.5%,多糖含量66.7%,前者明显高于后者.研究表明复合酶-热水浸提-sevag法的工艺简单、可行,适宜稻曲病菌厚垣孢子壁多糖的测定.  相似文献   

5.
为了探究稻曲病菌[Ustiloginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi]厚垣孢子的最佳破壁方法,研究采用4种破壁法对该病菌黄色和黑色厚垣孢子进行破壁,血球计数板计算破壁效果,并用考马斯亮蓝法测定不同破壁方法中厚垣孢子壁内可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明,在普通光学显微镜下观察,破壁后厚垣孢子多数为碎片,少数为孢壁内空圆球。4种破壁方法中液氮研磨-超声破碎法破壁效果最好,黄色和黑色厚垣孢子的破壁率均可达98%以上,用该法破壁测得的黄色和黑色厚垣孢子壁内可溶性蛋白质含量也最高。由此可见,液氮研磨-超声波破碎法是一种稻曲病菌厚垣孢子破壁的有效、简便、适宜在实验室应用的方法。  相似文献   

6.
探究稻曲病菌(Ustiloginoidea virens(Cooke.) Takahashi)黑色(休眠)与黄色(非休眠)厚垣孢子中的环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)最佳提取条件,为进一步的研究cAMP功能奠定基础.采用超声-水浴法对cAMP进行浸提,按3因素3水平正交设计,用高效液相色谱法检测cAMP含量;在设定V(甲醇)∶V(0.05 mol/L KH2PO4)=20∶80、流速为0.8 mL/min、检测波长为254 nm、进样量为20 μL的条件下,以黄绿色厚垣孢子为提取样品,其提取cAMP效果最佳组合条件:超声破碎时间10 min(功率400 W、间歇时间2 s),水浴温度80℃,物料比为1∶100,提取的cAMP为6.827 6 μg/mL.在此最佳条件下,测定出黄色厚垣孢子的cAMP为12.805 0±0.533 2μg/mL,黑色厚垣孢子的cAMP为4.171 7±0.097 1μg/mL.此结果表明,由黄色转换为黑色,其厚垣孢子的cAMP含量显著降低.  相似文献   

7.
探究稻曲病菌(Ustiloginoidea virens(Cooke) Takahashi)厚垣孢子壁黑色素的最佳提取方法,采用以HCl为提取剂的酸提法和以NaOH为提取剂的碱提法,对该病菌黑色和黄色2种厚垣孢子壁的黑色素进行提取,用3因素3水平进行正交设计试验,结果表明以NaOH作提取剂为佳,其提取黑色素效果最佳的组合条件为3 mol/L NaOH、2 mol/L HC l、水浴温度80℃、水浴时间120 min。  相似文献   

8.
稻曲病菌在PD 液体培养基中生长良好,并能产生对植物细胞具有高度生物抑制活性的毒素。生物学活性测定袁明,用100%的甲醇能提取稻曲病菌液体培养物中的粗毒素。粗毒素对小麦胚根胚芽的生长有强烈的抑制作用。把毒素主要成分Ustiloxin A 和BSA 偶联后,制备了抗血清,ELISA 检测表明用两种偶联剂偶联所制备的抗体效价分别为1∶20000和1∶6000。进一步的免疫胶体金标记分析表明,所制备的抗体能与茼丝中分泌的毒素特异性结合,说明所获得的抗体是特异性的。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】稻曲病(Rice false smut)是由稻曲病菌[Villosiclava virens (Cooke) Tak.]引起的严重危害水稻的真菌病害。构建稻曲病菌UV-2的大片段DNA细菌人工染色体(Bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC)文库, 为致病相关基因的鉴定及在图位克隆、比较基因组学等方面的研究奠定基础。【方法】以幼嫩菌丝为材料制备大分子基因组DNA包埋块, 用Hind III部分酶解后经脉冲凝胶电泳筛选, 回收大片段DNA并与pIndigoBAC536-S 载体连接, 连接产物转化大肠杆菌菌株DH10B T1 Phage-Resistant 细胞后进行蓝白斑筛选, 白色菌落捡入384孔板置于?80 °C低温保存。【结果】成功构建UV-2菌株的高质量、高覆盖度的BAC文库, 该文库共含10 368个克隆, 平均插入片段为124.4 kb, 空载率小于1%, 约覆盖该菌基因组的36.8倍。【结论】克服了真菌大分子基因组DNA制备难控制的技术难题, 建立了首个稻曲病菌的BAC文库。该文库已作为一种公共基因组资源向研究者开放(http://GResource.hzau.edu.cn)。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】克隆稻曲病菌PMK1类MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinase)同源基因。【方法】根据丝状真菌MAPK蛋白保守性设计简并引物扩增稻曲病菌MAPK基因部分片段,进而利用TAIL-PCR进行染色体步移和RT-PCR获得UVMK1基因全长和cDNA全长。构建互补载体,交叉互补稻瘟病菌?PMK1突变体菌株nn78进行功能验证,包括附着胞分化和致病性测定。【结果】UVMK1基因全长1435bp,包含3个内含子,编码355氨基酸的蛋白。UVMK1推导蛋白与丝状真菌Magnaporthe grisea PMK1,Fusarium oxysporum FMK1,Fusarium solani FSMAPK,Colletotrichum lagenarium CMK1,Botrytis cinerea BMK1,Claviceps purpurea CMPK1等编码蛋白高度同源。转化稻瘟病菌菌株nn78,获得5个转化子。其中选取的转化子恢复了稻瘟病菌正常的附着胞分化和对大麦叶片的致病能力。【结论】本研究成功分离了首个稻曲病菌MAPK基因,而且UVMK1基因是稻瘟病菌PMK1的同源基因。  相似文献   

11.
    
Glume surface, fruit surface, perianth bristles and pollen morphology in Scirpus L. and related genera from south-west Europe have been investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The results of this analysis confirm the heterogeneity of the group and provide further support to the current recognition of the genera Scirpus L., Bolboschoenus (Rchb.) Palla , Scirpoides Ség., Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla, Isolepis R.Br., Trichophorum Pers. and Blysmus Panz. as well as to a re-appraisal of subg. Actaeogeton (Rchb.) Oteng-Yeb. of Schoenoplectus .  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 145 , 45–58.  相似文献   

12.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Amana kuocangshanica D. Y. Tan & D. Y. Hong is described as a new species from Mt. Kuocang, Zhejiang Province, south-east China. Morphological observations and a statistical analysis of the new species and its relatives show that it is most closely related to A. anhuiensis and A. erythronioides , but differs in having the lower leaf oblanceolate, the widest at two-thirds length from the base, tunics glabrous inside, and fruit beaks 5–7.5 mm long. The morphologies of the pollen, seeds, and epidermal cells of the leaves of this new species are described.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 154 , 435–442.  相似文献   

13.
The stereocilia of the Organ of Corti in 4 different echolocating bats, Myotis adversus, Murina leucogaster, Nyctalus plancyi (Nyctalus velutinus), and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stereocilia lengths were estimated for comparison with those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of outer hair cells (OHC) stereocilia in echolocating bats were shorter than those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of inner hair cells (IHC) stereocilia were longer than those of outer hair cells stereocilia in the Organ of Corti of echolocating bats. These characteristics of the auditory stereocilia length of echolocating bats represent the fine architecture of the electromotility process, helping to adapt to high frequency sound and echolocation.  相似文献   

14.
The stereocilia of the Organ of Corti in 4 different echolocating bats, Myotis adversus, Murina leucogaster, Nyctalus plancyi (Nyctalus velutinus), and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stereocilia lengths were estimated for comparison with those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of outer hair cells (OHC) stereocilia in echolocating bats were shorter than those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of inner hair cells (IHC) stereocilia were longer than those of outer hair cells stereocilia in the Organ of Corti of echolocating bats. These characteristics of the auditory stereocilia length of echolocating bats represent the fine architecture of the electromotility process, helping to adapt to high frequency sound and echolocation. These authors contributed equally to this work Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30430120) and Foundation of President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  相似文献   

15.
The stereocilia of the Organ of Corti in 4 different echolocating bats, Myotis adversus, Murina leuco-gaster, Nyctalus plancyi (Nyctalus velutinus), and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stereocilia lengths were estimated for comparison with those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of outer hair cells (OHC) stereocilia in echolocating bats were shorter than those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of inner hair cells (IHC) stereocilia were longer than those of outer hair cells stereocilia in the Organ of Corti of echolocating bats. These characteristics of the auditory stereocilia length of echolocating bats represent the fine architecture of the electromotility process, helping to adapt to high frequency sound and echolocation.  相似文献   

16.
    
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Leeches respond to surgical lesions with the same sequence of events as that described for wound healing in vertebrates, where collagen is important for the development of tensions in healing wounds, functioning as an extracellular scaffold for accurate regeneration of the structures disrupted by surgical or traumatic actions. RESULTS: In surgically lesioned leeches, newly synthesized collagen is arranged in hierarchical structures. Fibrils can be packed and shaped to form cords or tubular structures, thus acting as an extracellular scaffold that directs and organizes the outgrowth of new vessels and the migration of immune cells towards lesioned tissues. In these animals, the general architecture of collagen fibrils, generated during tissue regeneration, shows similarities to both the structural pattern of collagen bundles and assembly processes observed in several vertebrate systems (fish scales, amphibian skin and human cornea). CONCLUSIONS: The production of extracellular matrix during wound healing in leeches is a surprising example of conservation of an extremely close relationship between the structure and function of molecular structures. It could be hypothesized that collagen structures, characterized not only by a striking structural complexity, but also by multifunctional purposes, are anatomical systems highly conserved throughout evolution.  相似文献   

17.
    
The extract from the aboveground parts of Chelidonium majus reduced the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea on Czapek agar medium. In minimum fungicidal concentration (60  μ l/ml), the extract induced irreversible ultrastructural changes in B. cinerea conidia.  相似文献   

18.
苹毛丽金龟触角嗅感器超微结构   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对苹毛丽金龟Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann)雌雄成虫触角嗅感器超微结构特征进行研究。结果表明:嗅感器集中于触角鳃片上,分布在触角鳃片表皮内陷形成的凹腔里,有5种感器,以板状感器为主,以外还有锥状感器、腔状感器、腔锥状感器和毛状感器。板状感器根据盘体形状的不同可分为4种类型,锥状感器根据锥体形状的差异可分为2种类型,腔锥状感器根据形状分为2种类型。嗅感器表皮有微孔和孔道微管。嗅感器内神经元的数目并不一致,1~2个不等。雄虫鳃片嗅感器总数显著多于雌性,是雌虫嗅感器总数1.8倍。其中雄性锥状感器的数目是雌性2倍,雌虫腔锥状感器数量是雄虫的4倍,雄虫板状感器数量是雌虫的2倍,雌雄腔状感器的数目无显著性差异。  相似文献   

19.
将GFPmut2质粒中的gfp基因 (编码绿色荧光蛋白)克隆到载体pVK100中,构建成重组质粒pVK1001.将pVK1001通过电转化方法导入到联合固氮菌巴西固氮螺菌Yu62中,获得GFP标记的巴西固氮螺菌Yu62菌株.用标记菌株接种限菌培养条件下生长的玉米(农大3318)幼苗,在接种后8 d、12 d,用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜进行观测,结果表明巴西固氮螺菌Yu62菌株能定植于玉米根部皮层的薄壁细胞间隙.用扫描电镜和超薄切片电镜观察表明,大多数细菌主要定植于根表,少数菌可进入玉米根组织内.  相似文献   

20.
口器感器在昆虫取食活动中起着重要作用, 但蚊蝎蛉成虫口器上感器的种类和形态迄今未见报道。我们利用扫描电子显微镜, 观察了中华蚊蝎蛉Bittacus sinensis Walker成虫口器上的感器。结果显示: 中华蚊蝎蛉口器上共有8种感器, 分别为锥形、毛形、刺形、指形、掌状、钟形、柱状感器及Böhm氏鬃毛, 主要集中于内唇、 下颚须以及下唇须上。锥形感器和刺形感器数量最多; 毛形感器主要在下颚轴节、 茎节和下唇的亚颏和前颏有分布; 钟形感器和Böhm氏鬃毛只存在于下唇须和下颚须上。下颚须端节和下唇须端节的感器种类相同, 以锥形感器为主。高度骨化的上颚以及下颚内颚叶与外颚叶上未发现感器分布。简要讨论了口器感器在昆虫分类中的意义。  相似文献   

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