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肥胖及相关的慢性代谢性疾病近年来已经成为威胁全球的公共健康问题。越来越多的证据表明,在宿主的营养、免疫和代谢中有不可替代的作用的肠道菌群不仅可以通过调节宿主脂肪吸收存储相关的基因,影响后者的能量平衡,更重要的是其结构失调导致宿主循环系统中内毒素增加,诱发慢性、低水平炎症,导致肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。运用微生物分子生态学、元基因组学和代谢组学的方法,揭示与代谢性疾病相关的菌群结构失调,并鉴定出相关的特定细菌类群及其功能,使得通过以菌群为靶点的营养干预手段防止慢性代谢性疾病成为可能,将带来代谢性疾病预防和控制策略的革命性的变化。 相似文献
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The human colonic microbiota degrades dietary substrates that are indigestible in the upper GIT (gastrointestinal tract), releasing bacterial metabolites, some of which are important for gut health. Advances in molecular biology techniques have facilitated detailed analyses of the composition of the bacterial community resident in the lower GIT. Such analyses have indicated that more than 500 different bacterial species colonize an individual, and that, although there is much functional consistency in the resident bacterial groups, there is considerable inter-individual variation at the species/strain level. The bacterial community develops during early childhood until it reaches an adult-like composition. Whereas colonization and host factors influence the species composition, dietary factors also have an important impact, with specific bacterial groups changing in response to specific dietary interventions. Since bacterial species have different metabolic activities, specific diets have various consequences for health, dependent on the effect exerted on the bacterial population. 相似文献
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Villanueva-Millán María Jesús Pérez-Matute Patricia Recio-Fernández Emma Lezana Rosales José-Miguel Oteo José-Antonio 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2019,75(3):299-309
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - The presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) per se or its separated components in HIV-infected patients contributes to an accelerated aging and increased... 相似文献
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Murine gut microbiota is defined by host genetics and modulates variation of metabolic traits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
McKnite AM Perez-Munoz ME Lu L Williams EG Brewer S Andreux PA Bastiaansen JW Wang X Kachman SD Auwerx J Williams RW Benson AK Peterson DA Ciobanu DC 《PloS one》2012,7(6):e39191
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse microbiota that has an important role in host metabolism. Microbial diversity is influenced by a combination of environmental and host genetic factors and is associated with several polygenic diseases. In this study we combined next-generation sequencing, genetic mapping, and a set of physiological traits of the BXD mouse population to explore genetic factors that explain differences in gut microbiota and its impact on metabolic traits. Molecular profiling of the gut microbiota revealed important quantitative differences in microbial composition among BXD strains. These differences in gut microbial composition are influenced by host-genetics, which is complex and involves many loci. Linkage analysis defined Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) restricted to a particular taxon, branch or that influenced the variation of taxa across phyla. Gene expression within the gastrointestinal tract and sequence analysis of the parental genomes in the QTL regions uncovered candidate genes with potential to alter gut immunological profiles and impact the balance between gut microbial communities. A QTL region on Chr 4 that overlaps several interferon genes modulates the population of Bacteroides, and potentially Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes-the predominant BXD gut phyla. Irak4, a signaling molecule in the Toll-like receptor pathways is a candidate for the QTL on Chr15 that modulates Rikenellaceae, whereas Tgfb3, a cytokine modulating the barrier function of the intestine and tolerance to commensal bacteria, overlaps a QTL on Chr 12 that influence Prevotellaceae. Relationships between gut microflora, morphological and metabolic traits were uncovered, some potentially a result of common genetic sources of variation. 相似文献
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Lactobacilli are believed to be beneficial for the human hosts and are currently being evaluated as potentially probiotic bacteria. In this study, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from infant faeces and were examined in vitro for potential probiotic properties. Faecal specimens from 63 healthy, full-term infants were collected at 4, 30 and 90 days after delivery. Seventy-four Lactobacillus strains were isolated and one or more different phenotypes from each infant (n = 44) were selected for further testing. The bacterial isolates were identified mainly as L. gasseri, L. crispatus, Lactobacillus paracasei, L. salivarius, L. fermentum after amplification and sequencing of 16s rRNA gene. The strains were examined for acid and bile tolerance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity against selected enteric pathogens. The great majority of the isolated lactobacilli were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, erythromycin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol and rifampicin. Resistance to vancomycin or bacitracin was detected to 34% of the strains. Twenty strains out of forty-four exhibited significant tolerance to bile salts. Those strains were subsequently tested for resistance to low pH conditions (pH 2 and 3). Interestingly, 85% (17 strains) of the tested lactobacilli remained unaffected at pH 3 after 3 h of incubation, 6 strains were found resistant at pH 2 after 1.5 h and only 2 strains found resistant after 3 h of incubation. Two of the strains were able to adhere to Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, two isolates fulfilled the in vitro probiotic criteria and are good candidates for further in vivo evaluation. 相似文献
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Rosengaus RB Zecher CN Schultheis KF Brucker RM Bordenstein SR 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2011,77(13):4303-4312
The disruption of host-symbiont interactions through the use of antibiotics can help elucidate microbial functions that go beyond short-term nutritional value. Termite gut symbionts have been studied extensively, but little is known about their impact on the termite's reproductive output. Here we describe the effect that the antibiotic rifampin has not only on the gut microbial diversity but also on the longevity, fecundity, and weight of two termite species, Zootermopsis angusticollis and Reticulitermes flavipes. We report three key findings: (i) the antibiotic rifampin, when fed to primary reproductives during the incipient stages of colony foundation, causes a permanent reduction in the diversity of gut bacteria and a transitory effect on the density of the protozoan community; (ii) rifampin treatment reduces oviposition rates of queens, translating into delayed colony growth and ultimately reduced colony fitness; and (iii) the initial dosages of rifampin had severe long-term fitness effects on Z. angusticollis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the antibiotic-induced perturbation of the microbial community is associated with prolonged reductions in longevity and fecundity. A causal relationship between these changes in the gut microbial population structures and fitness is suggested by the acquisition of opportunistic pathogens and incompetence of the termites to restore a pretreatment, native microbiota. Our results indicate that antibiotic treatment significantly alters the termite's microbiota, reproduction, colony establishment, and ultimately colony growth and development. We discuss the implications for antimicrobials as a new application to the control of termite pest species. 相似文献
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ML Zupancic BL Cantarel Z Liu EF Drabek KA Ryan S Cirimotich C Jones R Knight WA Walters D Knights EF Mongodin RB Horenstein BD Mitchell N Steinle S Snitker AR Shuldiner CM Fraser 《PloS one》2012,7(8):e43052
Obesity has been linked to the human gut microbiota; however, the contribution of gut bacterial species to the obese phenotype remains controversial because of conflicting results from studies in different populations. To explore the possible dysbiosis of gut microbiota in obesity and its metabolic complications, we studied men and women over a range of body mass indices from the Old Order Amish sect, a culturally homogeneous Caucasian population of Central European ancestry. We characterized the gut microbiota in 310 subjects by deep pyrosequencing of bar-coded PCR amplicons from the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Three communities of interacting bacteria were identified in the gut microbiota, analogous to previously identified gut enterotypes. Neither BMI nor any metabolic syndrome trait was associated with a particular gut community. Network analysis identified twenty-two bacterial species and four OTUs that were either positively or inversely correlated with metabolic syndrome traits, suggesting that certain members of the gut microbiota may play a role in these metabolic derangements. 相似文献
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Le Gall G Noor SO Ridgway K Scovell L Jamieson C Johnson IT Colquhoun IJ Kemsley EK Narbad A 《Journal of proteome research》2011,10(9):4208-4218
(1)H NMR spectroscopy of aqueous fecal extracts has been used to investigate differences in metabolic activity of gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 13), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (n = 10), and healthy controls (C) (n = 22). Up to four samples per individual were collected over 2 years giving a total of 124 samples. Multivariate discriminant analysis, based on NMR data from all three groups, was able to predict UC and C group membership with good sensitivity and specificity; classification of IBS samples was less successful and could not be used for diagnosis. Trends were detected toward increased taurine and cadaverine levels in UC with increased bile acid and decreased branched chain fatty acids in IBS relative to controls; changes in short chain fatty acids and amino acids were not significant. Previous PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of the same fecal material had shown alterations of the gut microbiota when comparing UC and IBS groups with controls. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that DGGE profiles from the same individual were stable over time, but NMR spectra were more variable; canonical correlation analysis of NMR and DGGE data partly separated the three groups and revealed a correlation between the gut microbiota profile and metabolite composition. 相似文献
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Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in Firmicutes populations
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Alessandra Riva Francesca Borgo Carlotta Lassandro Elvira Verduci Giulia Morace Elisa Borghi David Berry 《Environmental microbiology》2017,19(1):95-105
An altered gut microbiota has been linked to obesity in adulthood, although little is known about childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in obese (n = 42) and normal‐weight (n = 36) children aged 6 to 16. Using 16S rRNA gene‐targeted sequencing, we evaluated taxa with differential abundance according to age‐ and sex‐normalized body mass index (BMI z‐score). Obesity was associated with an altered gut microbiota characterized by elevated levels of Firmicutes and depleted levels of Bacteroidetes. Correlation network analysis revealed that the gut microbiota of obese children also had increased correlation density and clustering of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Members of the Bacteroidetes were generally better predictors of BMI z‐score and obesity than Firmicutes, which was likely due to discordant responses of Firmicutes OTUs. In accordance with these observations, the main metabolites produced by gut bacteria, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were higher in obese children, suggesting elevated substrate utilisation. Multiple taxa were correlated with SCFA levels, reinforcing the tight link between the microbiota, SCFAs and obesity. Our results suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis and elevated fermentation activity may be involved in the etiology of childhood obesity. 相似文献
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肠道菌群代谢作用与人体健康关系的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人体肠道内寄居的大量共生微生物可以通过多方面作用影响人体健康,特别是肠道内菌群的代谢作用,及与人体自身代谢的交互作用在人类的健康促进与疾病的发生、发展中起着重要作用。本文从正反两面讨论了肠道菌群代谢作用对人体健康的影响,并进一步探讨了肠道菌群代谢在健康监测、疾病的预防与治疗,以及个体化医疗方面的运用。 相似文献
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Fernando Cardona Cristina Andrés-Lacueva Sara Tulipani Francisco J. Tinahones María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2013,24(8):1415-1422
The biological properties of dietary polyphenols are greatly dependent on their bioavailability that, in turn, is largely influenced by their degree of polymerization. The gut microbiota play a key role in modulating the production, bioavailability and, thus, the biological activities of phenolic metabolites, particularly after the intake of food containing high-molecular-weight polyphenols. In addition, evidence is emerging on the activity of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the colonic microbial population composition or activity. However, although the great range of health-promoting activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely investigated, their effect on the modulation of the gut ecology and the two-way relationship “polyphenols ? microbiota” are still poorly understood.Only a few studies have examined the impact of dietary polyphenols on the human gut microbiota, and most were focused on single polyphenol molecules and selected bacterial populations. This review focuses on the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, the mechanisms of action and the consequences of these interactions on human health. 相似文献
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E. Hijona L. Aguirre P. Pérez-Matute M. J. Villanueva-Millán A. Mosqueda-Solis M. Hasnaoui F. Nepveu J. M. Senard L. Bujanda L. Aldámiz-Echevarría M. Llarena F. Andrade P. Perio F. Leboulanger L. Hijona J. M. Arbones-Mainar M.P. Portillo C. Carpéné 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2016,72(3):567-582
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肠道微生物与宿主之间相互选择,构成了一个相对稳定的超有机体。宿主基因型和遗传关系影响肠道微生物的生态学特征,而肠道微生物发酵肠道内多糖,为宿主提供可吸收利用的养分,增强肠道对养分吸收的能力。同时,肠道微生物还影响一些转录因子的活性,调控宿主基因的表达,增强宿主甘油三酯的合成和脂肪沉积,减少脂肪酸氧化分解,调控宿主能量代谢。 相似文献
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The human gut harbors diverse microbes that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. The constituents of the microbiota--bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes--have been shown to interact with one another and with the host immune system in ways that influence the development of disease. We review these interactions and suggest that a holistic approach to studying the microbiota that goes beyond characterization of community composition and encompasses dynamic interactions between all components of the microbiota and host tissue over time will be crucial for building predictive models for diagnosis and treatment of diseases linked to imbalances in our microbiota. 相似文献
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Soralla Civantos Modino M. Guadalupe Guijarro de Armas Susana Monereo Mejías July M. Montaño Martínez Paloma Iglesias Bolaños María Merino Viveros Jose María Ladero Quesada 《Endocrinología y nutrición》2012,59(9):533-538
ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of hyperuricemia in children with overweight or obesity and analyze the relation with metabolic syndrome and the diseases that define it.Materials and methodsThis is a cross-sectional prevalence study in 148 children recruited from pediatric endocrinology consultation, with overweight or obesity (12 ± 3 years, 48% boys, BMI 31.8 ± 6.1). We measured BMI, waist-height, waist circumference, blood pressure with standard instrumentation and glucose (fasting and after overload with 75 g), insulin resistance, cholesterol HDL, triglycerides and uric acid.ResultsThe prevalence of hyperuricemia was 53%. Patients with hyperuricemia had greater BMI (33.9 vs 30.6, p = 0.003), plus waist circumference (101.4 vs 91.1 cm, p < 0.001), higher blood pressure: systolic (123.4 vs 111.9 mm Hg, p < 0.001), diastolic (78.2 vs 68.7 mm Hg, p < 0.001). They presented greater blood glucose after overload oral glucose (107.5 vs 100.7 mg/dl, p = 0.03), insulin was higher (29.2 vs 20.7 mg/dl, p = 0.001) as well as HOMA IR (6.5 vs 4.4, p < 0.001) and HDL levels were lower (49.5 vs 54.4 mg/dl, p = 0.02).Uric acid's level which most is the likely diagnosis of metabolic syndrome corresponds to 5.4 mg/dl in our sample (sensitivity: 64% and specificity 62%).ConclusionThe prevalence of hyperuricemia in children with overweight and obesity is high. In the group of patients with obesity and hyperuricemia, we found out that the parameters measured to diagnose with metabolic syndrome were less favorable. Uric acid's level from where there is a higher possibility to see metabolic syndrome is 5.4 mg/dl. 相似文献
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Francisco J. Tinahones Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez Mora Murri Eduardo García-Fuentes Fernando Cardona 《Endocrinología y nutrición》2013,60(3):127-135
BackgroundCriteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome are currently being reconsidered, as their usefulness is not the same for all phenotypes in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease.AimWe analyzed the changes in metabolic parameters after a fat overload in different groups of patients.Materials and methodsThe study included 20 healthy persons, 30 metabolic syndrome patients without morbid obesity, 80 metabolic syndrome patients with morbid obesity and 16 patients with morbid obesity without the metabolic syndrome. All the participants received a fat overload of 60 g. Measurements were made before the overload and 3 h afterwards of triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin and uric acid.ResultsMetabolic syndrome patients with morbid obesity had a lower waist-to-hip ratio, and lower plasma free fatty acid and triglycerides levels at baseline and after the overload than patients without morbid obesity. Plasma uric acid levels rose after the fat overload in the metabolic syndrome patients who had morbid obesity but not in the patients without morbid obesity. A positive relation was found between plasma triglycerides and free fatty acid levels in all the patients but not in the controls after the fat overload. A positive relation was also found between uric acid and insulin levels in the metabolic syndrome patients with morbid obesity.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome patients with and without morbid obesity presented different metabolic characteristics. This suggests that there are 2 different clinical phenotypes, both grouped under the metabolic syndrome umbrella. 相似文献