Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater,Fujian province,China

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterium with flagella, designated strain Y32^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in Xiamen, Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Y32^T is a member of the family Oceanospirillaceae, forming a distinct lineage with species of the genus Litoribacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Y32^T and other strains were all less than 94.0 %. Strain Y32^T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 4–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c, 49.4 %), C_16:0 (17.7 %), C_14:0 (6.9 %) and C_18:1 ω9c (5.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32^T was determined to be 55.6 mol%. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition, polar lipids composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Y32^T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Oceanospirillaceae, for which the name Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribrevibacter albus is Y32^T (=MCCC 1F01211^T=NBRC 110071^T).     

Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, GJSW-22^T, which was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain GJSW-22^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain GJSW-22^T grouped with the type strains of Thalassobius species, forming a stable cluster with the type strain of Thalassobius aestuarii (bootstrap value of 83.2 %). Strain GJSW-22^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.0 %) to the type strain of T. aestuarii. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.6–96.1 % to the type strains of the other Thalassobius species. Strain GJSW-22^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-22^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content of strain GJSW-22^T is 60.3 mol % and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of T. aestuarii was 23 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, confirmed that strain GJSW-22^T is distinct from other Thalassobius species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-22^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-22^T (=KCTC 42115^T = NBRC 110378^T).     

Polaribacter marinivivus sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GYSW-15^T, was isolated from a seawater of Geoje island on the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain GYSW-15^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GYSW-15^T belongs to the genus Polaribacter, clustering coherently with the type strain of Polaribacter porphyrae showing sequence similarity value of 97.0 %. Strain GYSW-15^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.3–96.4 % to the type strains of the other Polaribacter species. Strain GYSW-15^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, iso-C_16:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain GYSW-15^T containing phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid as major components was similar to that of the type strain of P. porphyrae. The DNA G + C content of strain GYSW-15^T was determined to be 31.2 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness with P. porphyrae LMG 26671^T was 17 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GYSW-15^T is separated from recognized Polaribacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GYSW-15^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Polaribacter, for which the name Polaribacter marinivivus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GYSW-15^T ( = KCTC 42156^T = CECT 8655^T)     

Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific

A Gram-stain negative, ovoid-rod shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain Y2^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the Western Pacific. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism indicated that it belongs to the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain Y2^T shares highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.6 % with Erythrobacter jejuensis CNU001^T, followed by the type strains of recognized members of the genus Altererythrobacter (94.8–96.5 %). Strain Y2^T forms a clade with E. jejuensis CNU001^T in the cluster of species of the genus Altererythrobacter. Growth of strain Y2^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2–3 %). The major cellular fatty acids were found to be C_17:1 ω6c (41.5 %), summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c; 17.2 %), C_17:1 ω8c (11.0 %) and C_15:0 2OH (8.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was determine to be ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one sphingoglycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 60.0 mol %. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, strain Y2^T represents a novel species, for which the name Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y2^T (=CGMCC 1.12752^T =LMG 28109^T).     

Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov., isolated from a water sample collected from mangrove forest in Coringa,Andhra Pradesh,India

A Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain AK49^T was isolated from a water sample from a mangrove forest in Coringa village, Andhra Pradesh, India. Strain AK49^T was observed to form yellow coloured, smooth, circular, convex colonies on marine agar, with entire margins. Cells of strain AK49^T are 0.5–1.0 µm wide and 1.5–3.5 µm long. Growth was observed at 25–37 °C (optimum 30 °C), 2–6 % NaCl (optimum 2 %) and pH 6–8 (optimum 7). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain AK49^T is closely related to two species recently reclassified as members of the genus Aliiglaciecola: Aliiglaciecola lipolytica JCM 15139^T (sequence similarity 95.43 %) and Aliiglaciecola litoralis JCM 15896^T (sequence similarity 96.91 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain AK49^T were found to include C_16:0, C_18:1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c/C_15:0 iso-2-OH). The polar lipid content of cell membrane was found to include phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AK49^T was determined to be 41.9 mol%. Based on the taxonomic methods, including chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic approaches, strain AK49^T is described here as a novel species belonging to the genus Aliiglaciecola, for which the name Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov. is AK49^T (=MTCC 12003^T = JCM19197^T).     

Roseivivax jejudonensis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring at Jeju island,South Korea

A Gram-stain negative, coccoid- or oval-shaped and non-gliding bacterial strain, designated CDM-17^T, was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain CDM-17^T was observed to form smooth, circular, glistening, slightly convex, light yellowish pink colonies on marine agar, and was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CDM-17^T fell within the clade comprising the Roseivivax species, clustering with the type strain of Roseivivax sediminis with which it exhibited 98.3 % sequence similarity value. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized Roseivivax species were 94.7–96.8 %. Strain CDM-17^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain CDM-17^T was determined to be 66.2 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with Rsv. sediminis KCTC 23444^T was 17.5 ± 2.7 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain CDM-17^T is distinguishable from recognized Roseivivax species. On the basis of the data presented, strain CDM-17^T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseivivax, for which the name Roseivivax jejudonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDM-17^T (=KCTC 42110^T = CECT 8625^T).     

Pelagibaca abyssi sp. nov., of the family Rhodobacteraceae,isolated from deep-sea water

A Gram-stain negative, oval-shaped, aerobic, catalase and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated JLT2014^T, was isolated from a deep-seawater sample (obtained at a 2,000 m depth) of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. The dominant fatty acids were identified as C_18:1ω7c/C_18:1ω6c, C_16:0 and C_10:0 3-OH, which altogether represented 60.1 % of the total. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as Q-10. The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 66.4 mol %. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate can be affiliated with the Roseobacter clade within the family Rhodobacteraceae. Strain JLT2014^T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601^T (sequence similarity value: 97.6 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain JLT2014^T and P. bermudensis HTCC2601^T was 46.9 ± 2 %. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic analysis, the name Pelagibaca abyssi sp. nov. is proposed, with JLT2014^T(=LMG 27363^T=CGMCC 1.12376^T) as the type strain.     

Loktanella aestuariicola sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, J-TF4^T, which was isolated from a tidal flat in the South Sea of South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain J-TF4^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain J-TF4^T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Loktanella species, clustering with the type strains of Loktanella cinnabarina, Loktanella hongkongensis, Loktanella soesokkakensis, Loktanella pyoseonensis and ‘Loktanella variabilis’ showing sequence similarity values of 97.2–98.4 %. The strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.1–95.4 % to the type strains of the other Loktanella species. Strain J-TF4^T was found to have Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain J-TF4^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain J-TF4^T was determined to be 67.9 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of five phylogenetically related Loktanella species were 17.7–23.3 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic data, demonstrate that strain J-TF4^T is separated from other Loktanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain J-TF4^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella aestuariicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-TF4^T (=KCTC 42135^T=NBRC 110408^T).     

Mariniflexile ostreae sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from an oyster

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain able to move by gliding, designated TYO-10^T, was isolated from an oyster collected at Tongyoung on the South Sea, South Korea. Strain TYO-10^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TYO-10^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Mariniflexile species. Strain TYO-10^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.4–95.7 % to the type strains of Mariniflexile species and of less than 95.4 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain TYO-10^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain TYO-10^T were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid, which is similar to those of the type strains of Mariniflexile species, but different from those of other phylogenetically related species. The DNA G+C content of strain TYO-10^T was determined to be 35.9 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain TYO-10^T is separated from other Mariniflexile species. On the basis of the data presented, strain TYO-10^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mariniflexile, for which the name Mariniflexile ostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TYO-10^T (= KCTC 42113^T = CECT 8622^T).     

Acinetobacter apis sp. nov., isolated from the intestinal tract of a honey bee,Apis mellifera

A novel Gram-negative, obligate aerobic, non-motile, and both coccobacillus- and bacillus-shaped bacterium, designated strain HYN18^T, was isolated from the intestinal tract of a honey bee (Apis mellifera). The isolate was oxidasenegative and catalase-positive. Strain HYN18^T showed optimum growth at 25°C, pH 6–7, and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl in trypticase soy broth medium. The isolate was negative for hydrolyses of starch, casein, gelatin and urea, indole production from tryptone and hemolysis on sheep blood agar. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene sequence showed that strain HYN18^T was most closely related to Acinetobacter nectaris SAP 763.2^T and A. boissieri SAP 284.1^T with 98.3% and 98.1% similarity (16S rRNA gene), respectively, and 84.4% similarity with Acinetobacter nectaris SAP 763.2^T (rpoB gene). The major cellular fatty acids were summed features 3 (comprising C_16:1ω7c /C_16:1ω6c ), C_12:0 and C_16:0. The main isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-9 (Q-9). The polar lipids of strain HYN18^T were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. DNADNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 33 ± 10% relatedness to the closest phylogenetic species, Acinetobacter nectaris SAP 763.2^T. Thus, the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicate that strain HYN18^T is a novel species within the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter apis is proposed. The type strain is HYN18^T (=KACC 16906^T =JCM 18575^T).     

Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated F14^T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belongs to the genus Paracoccus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strain F14^T and other type strains of recognized members of the genus Paracoccus were 93.6–96.5 %. Growth of strain F14^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, strain F14^T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F14^T (=CGMCC 1.12755^T=LMG 28106^T=MCCC 1A09947^T).     

Marinomonas profundimaris sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment sample of the Arctic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain D104^T, which was isolated from deep-sea subsurface sediment sample from the Arctic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase negative and catalase weakly positive, rod shaped, motile by means of polar flagellum. The organism grows between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 25–28 °C) and 0.5–6 % NaCl (optimum 3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D104^T belongs to the genus Marinomonas, with highest sequence similarities of 97.7 % to Marinomonas ushuaiensis DSM 15871^T, followed by M. dokdonensis DSW10-10^T (96.9 %), M. arenicola KMM 3893^T (96.7 %), M. arctica 328^T (96.6 %) and other 18 species of the genus Marinomonas (94.4–96.5 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain D104^T and M. ushuaiensis DSM 15871^T were 84.24 % and 20.80 ± 2.33 % respectively. The principal fatty acids were C_16:0, sum in feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c), sum in feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c) and C_12:1 3OH. The G + C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 44.8 mol%. The respiratory quinone was found to be Q8 (100 %). Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major phospholipids and aminolipid and phospholipid as minor components. The results of the genotypic and phenotypic analyses indicate that strain D104^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas profundimaris sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain D104^T (=MCCC 1A07573^T = LMG 27696^T).     

Cohnella humi sp. nov., Isolated from Russian Soil

A Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase positive, rod-shaped bacteria, and spore-forming, designated as J20-3^T was isolated from a peat soil, collected near a coal mine at Prokopyevsk, (GPS; N53°52′51″, E86°43′39″) Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. A polyphasic taxonomy study using phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic method was performed to characterize strain J20-3^T. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain J20-3^T represented a novel subline within the genus Cohnella in the family Paenibacillaceae. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain J20-3^T showed 93.7–97.2 % similarity levels with other Cohnella species. Strain J20-3^T exhibited relatively low level of DNA–DNA hybridization value with type strains KACC 11643^T (40 %), KACC 11771^T (37.5 %), and KACC 15372^T (30.5 %). The strain showed typical chemotaxonomic characteristic of the genus Cohnella, with the presence of predominant respiratory quinone MK-7; major fatty acids are C_15:0, C_16:0, iso, and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of the strain J20-3^T was 56.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of the strain J20-3^T included major amount of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphoatidylethanolamine. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, and its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain J20-3^T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella humi sp. nov. is proposed.     

Clostridium vulturis sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus)

A Gram-stain positive, strict anaerobe, spore-forming, motile rod-shaped bacterial strain with peritrichous flagella, designated YMB-57^T, was isolated from the intestine of a cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) in Korea. StrainYMB-57^T was found to show optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YMB-57^T belongs to the genus Clostridium and is most closely related to the type strains of Clostridium subterminale (96.9 % sequence similarity), Clostridium thiosulfatireducens (96.7 %) and Clostridium sulfidigenes (96.6 %). The main fermentation end-products identified following growth in PYG medium were acetate, butyrate, ethanol, propanol, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Peptone was converted to ethanol, and butanol, whereas glucose was fermented to ethanol. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c, and C_18:1 ω9c DMA and the DNA G+C content was determined to be 34.0 mol%. Phenotypic and phylogenetic differences indicate that strain YMB-57^T is distinct from other Clostridium species. It is proposed that strain YMB-57^T be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Clostridium, with the name Clostridium vulturis sp. nov. The type strain is YMB-57^T (=KCTC 15114^T = JCM 17998^T).