藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析(英文)

藕莲是莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera)的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高(0.982)。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重(-0.296)。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

花莲种质资源形态性状多样性研究(英文)

对从国家种质资源圃中选取的40份花莲种质资源的19个形态性状进行了观察。结果发现花型、花瓣数、雌蕊是否瓣化、雌蕊瓣化程度和根茎颜色与花蕾形状呈显著正相关,其中花型、花瓣数和根茎颜色与花蕾形状呈极显著高度相关。通径分析表明现蕾期对花型有显著正向效应(0.552),其次是花瓣数(0.516)和根茎颜色(0.368)。与花型呈显著负相关的性状有花瓣长(-0.801)、现花期(-0.558)和叶宽(-0.451)。主成分分析显示前四个成分累计贡献率达65.68%。聚类分析将所有材料分为四组。     

木豆种质资源形态与农艺性状的多样性分析

为挖掘优异木豆(Cajanus cajan)种质资源,对10份木豆种质资源的10个质量性状和18个数量性状的遗传多样性进行了研究,并对其农艺性状进行了聚类分析。结果表明,质量性状的遗传多样性指数均较大,以鲜荚色(1.9219)的最高,其次是旗瓣点缀色、鲜籽粒颜色和干籽粒底色,多样性指数均为1.4855;再次为干籽粒色斑、干籽粒脐环色和有无种阜,均为0.8813;最小的是小叶叶形、旗瓣底色和株型,均为0.7219。聚类分析可将10份木豆种质资源划分为中茎稀疏型、中茎密生型和粗茎密生型3大类型。这为木豆品种选育提供了科学依据。     

26个金苦荞品系品质性状与农艺性状的遗传变异分析

金苦荞是近些年创制的苦荞与金荞麦种间杂交形成的双二倍体杂种半多年生新荞麦种类(Fagopyrum tatari-cymosum),为了探讨该荞麦种类的农艺性状和品质性状的遗传规律,以26个高产金苦荞品系为材料,对其品质性状和农艺性状进行了遗传变异研究、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明：(1)金苦荞品质性状的变异系数大小表现为醇溶蛋白含量>谷蛋白含量>黄酮含量>总蛋白含量>球蛋白含量>清蛋白含量>淀粉含量。(2)金苦荞农艺性状的变异系数大小表现为主茎分枝数>基部20 cm内节数>主茎粗>籽粒面积>千粒重>主茎节数>株高>籽粒长宽比>籽粒宽>籽粒长>果壳率>籽粒周长>籽粒直径。(3)相关性分析中,黄酮含量与清蛋白含量呈显著正相关;醇溶蛋白含量与主茎节数、基部20 cm内节数、主茎粗呈显著或极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒面积、周长、宽、直径呈显著或极显著负相关;淀粉含量与籽粒面积、长、直径呈显著正关系。(4)聚类分析将26个金苦荞品系分为了3个类群,其中类群I属于高淀粉、矮秆、多分枝、低果...     

甘蓝型油菜若干农艺性状与单株产量的关系分析

以38个甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,对单株产量、有效分枝部位高度、主轴花序长度等11个农艺性状进行了方差分析、通径分析和聚类分析．结果显示:所有调查性状在品种间存在显著的差异;主花序长度、主序有效角果数与单株产量都有显著的遗传相关性,两者都通过有效分枝部位高度对单株产量产生较大的正向间接作用;有效分枝部位高度对单株产量的影响也较显著,高产品种具有相对较高的有效分枝部位高度;总角果数对单株产量的直接遗传通径系数虽小,但它具有最大的直接表型通径系数,它通过主序有效角果数和有效分枝数对单株产量产生了两个较大的间接作用;要获得3130kg/hm~2的产量,重点应具备果多、枝多的特征,总角果数不少于657个,有效分枝数不少于18个．     

榆耳种质资源主要农艺性状的数量评估

榆耳是我国东北地区食药用菌之一,对旸胃系统疾病具有极高的治疗效果,在中国已开始推广栽培,但目前尚不清楚哪些性状主要受遗传因素影响,哪些性状主要受环境因素影响,也无区分品种间性状差异的标准.因此本研究对26个榆耳性状进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析,明确DUS测试性状.结果 表明,榆耳农艺性状具有较大的差异,R型聚类分析可知...     

橡胶树栽培种质农艺性状的相关性和聚类分析

以我国国家橡胶树种质资源圃保存的119份橡胶树栽培种为材料,对叶蓬形状、叶面绿色程度等21个农艺性状进行比较分析。结果表明,遗传多样性指数平均值为0.83,叶痕形状最高为1.20,蜜腺表面形态为0.27,且性状数据分布集中;各性状中变异系数最大的大叶柄形状为60.03,蜜腺表面形态最小为9.08,平均值为33.88;叶面绿色程度和叶面光泽度、叶片形状与叶片基部形状等7对性状相关性极显著;21个性状可聚为2大类,119份供试材料中,同一品种来源地、亲本和子代、具有类似品种特性(抗寒性)等类型的品种聚为一类。分析结果可供橡胶树种质资源鉴定和杂交亲本选配参考。     

国外甜瓜种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析

对250份国外甜瓜(Cucumis melo)种质资源的19个形态性状多样性进行研究。结果表明, 国外甜瓜种质资源具有丰富的形态多样性, 平均遗传多样性指数为1.378。9个质量性状(果实形状、果皮底色、覆纹颜色、覆纹形状、网纹密度、网纹粗度、果肉颜色、果肉质地和种子颜色)和4个数量性状(单果鲜重、果肉厚度、可溶性固形物含量和种子千粒重)变异明显, 其Shannon’s指数分别大于1.0和1.9。不同生态区间种质资源遗传多样性差异明显, 多样性指数由高到低依次为: 南亚(1.512)、东北欧(1.404)、西欧(1.372)、北美(1.340)和东亚(1.281)。通过聚类分析将所有甜瓜种质划分为四大组群, 即南亚组群、东北欧组群、西欧北美组群和东亚北美组群。以印度为代表的南亚甜瓜种质形态多样性水平较高, 支持了印度次生大陆为甜瓜起源中心的观点。     

长春花主要农艺性状与文多灵含量的相关及通径分析

文多灵(vindoline)具有重要的药用价值.本文利用反相高效液相色谱法检测了23种国内外长春花主栽品种的文多灵含量,对文多灵含量与品种的12个主要农艺性状(包括株高、节间距、茎直径、一级侧枝数、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片长宽比、百片叶重、全株叶片重、花瓣直径、种荚长度和种子数,荚)的相关性和通径进行了分析.相关性分析表明,文多灵含量与一级侧枝数、茎直径、节间距、叶片宽、株高、全株叶片重、百片叶重、花瓣直径和叶片长呈正相关,其中与一级侧枝数和茎直径的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),与节间距的相关性接近显著水平:与叶片长宽比、种荚长度和种子数/荚呈负相关.通径分析结果表明,长春花的主要农艺性状中,节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重对文多灵含量的正影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),通径系数分别为0.959、0.716和0.431,说明节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重可以作为高含量文多灵长春花品种选育的重要参考指标.     

长春花主要农艺性状与文多灵含量的相关及通径分析

文多灵(vindoline)具有重要的药用价值。本文利用反相高效液相色谱法检测了23种国内外长春花主栽品种的文多灵含量, 对文多灵含量与品种的12个主要农艺性状(包括株高、节间距、茎直径、一级侧枝数、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片长宽比、百片叶重、全株叶片重、花瓣直径、种荚长度和种子数/荚)的相关性和通径进行了分析。相关性分析表明, 文多灵含量与一级侧枝数、茎直径、节间距、叶片宽、株高、全株叶片重、百片叶重、花瓣直径和叶片长呈正相关, 其中与一级侧枝数和茎直径的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05), 与节间距的相关性接近显著水平; 与叶片长宽比、种荚长度和种子数/荚呈负相关。通径分析结果表明, 长春花的主要农艺性状中, 节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重对文多灵含量的正影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),通径系数分别为0.959、0.716和.431, 说明节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重可以作为高含量文多灵长春花品种选育的重要参考指标。     

试管藕诱导技术研究

莲藕 ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)在我国有着悠久的栽培历史 ,分布极为广泛 ,是一种重要的水生蔬菜和水生观赏植物 ,但其繁殖系数较低 ( 1∶ 1 0 ) ,远途运输费用高。为此 ,我们已进行了快繁技术研究 [1 ] ,但试管苗的成活率较低 ,因此我们开展了试管藕的诱导工作。试管藕作为一种休眠和繁殖器官 ,利于成活 ,便于运输。此外 ,还可以进行离体保存及其他的生理、生化方面的研究工作 ,为这些研究提供一个可操作的简单系统。1 　材料与方法1 .1 　材料取国家种质水生蔬菜资源圃试验田的鄂莲一号和鄂莲四号的茎尖。1 .2 　方法将取回的鄂莲一号…     

The Structure,Elongation and Thickening of Rhizome in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

The seedling of Nelurnbo nucifera is erect and its internodes are very short with four Alternately arranged floating leaves. During the juvenile stage, the shoot elongates remarkably and forms the horizontal rhizome. Each leaf grows out from the dorsal side of the node of the rhizome. There are two kinds of terminal buds in the juvenile shoot. (1) vegetative bud and (2) mixed bud. The axillary scale is the derivative part of the leaf. It forms an ochrea around the terminal bud. The winter buds on the annual shoot are all mixed buds. The vessels are absent in the rhizome and no cambium exists. During tile early growth of the rhizome, the rib meristems contribute mainly to the internode elongation. Later however, divisions are seen to commence in the parenchymatous tissue of the internode. As a result of these divisions the internode becomes elongated. The tuberization of the rhizome is built up from cell divisions of three kinds of tissues: (1) primary thickening meristems, (2) cells of the vascular bundles and (3) parenchyma of cortex. But, the growth in thickness of the rhizome seems to be chiefly due to the enlargement of parenchymatous cells.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic plant of economic and ornamental importance in China. From an (AG)_n‐enriched genomic library, 24 microsatellites were isolated and identified by using the (fast isolation by the AFLP of sequences containing repeats) FIASCO protocol. Eleven loci showed polymorphism with two to six alleles per locus. These markers yielded 42 alleles in a survey of 32 accessions of the sacred lotus. Eleven effective primer pairs of simple sequence repeats were designed and will be used as genetic markers to evaluate the fine‐scale population structure of the sacred lotus in the future.     

Ultrastructure of Protein Bodies and Plastids in Cotyledon of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.at Seed Germination

The present article deals mainly with the formation and dissolution of protein bodies and development of plastids in cotyledon cells of Nelumbo nucifera during seed germination. Electron microscopic studies reveal that protein bodies are formed after imbibition of the cotyledons before germination. They are produced through accumulation of protein material in small vacuoles delivered from the exudates of endoplasmic reticulum or by fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulum itself. In the period of germination, most of the material in the protein bodies dissolute and they coalesce with each other forming large vacuoles. The protein residue of the vacuoles condenses into small blocks with high electron density adhering to the tonoplast or freely floating in the vacuole. Thus, it suggests that the protein bodies of the germinating N. nucifera cotyledons are originated from vacuoles formed by endoplasmic reticulum. Part of the plastids found in cotyledonous cells of mature N. nucifera seeds exists as proplastids. They develop continuously after imbibition of the cotyledons. During the period of seed germination, many concentric lamellae are developed along the plastid membrane on which they later coalesce with the neighboring concentric lameUae forming loosely organized prolamellar bodies which condense into paracrystalline lattices. No ribosomes are present in the inter spaces of paracrystatline lattice. One to several prolamellar bodies can be developed in one plastid.     

莲藕干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配研究

连续2年采用盆栽试验研究了莲藕（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn）干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配规律。结果表明：莲藕苗期以叶片生长并积累光合产物为主,膨大根状茎成型后,叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的干物质不断运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,以产量形成为主,干物质累积总量增长呈＂慢-快-稳定＂的变化趋势;氮磷钾累积量与干物质累积量变化趋势一致,并与之呈极显著正相关,莲藕氮磷钾养分累积总量之比为1∶0.12∶1.31。移栽后97-160 d是莲藕产量形成的关键时期,不仅叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的氮磷钾随同干物质运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,根系还从土壤中吸收更多的氮磷钾直接运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,后者分别占同期氮磷钾累积量的69.8%、79.2%和75.0%。160 d膨大根状茎中干物质、氮、磷和钾累积量分别平均占植株总累积量的81.1%、85.2%、88.8%和80.2%。     

不同质量浓度多效唑对碗莲品种'火花'生长和 叶片部分生理指标的影响

研究了不同质量浓度(0~50 mg·L-1)多效唑对碗莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)品种'火花'('Huohua')生长的影响及多效唑处理过程中叶片部分生理指标的变化,并进行了隶属函数值分析和相关性分析.结果表明:质量浓度10~50 mg·L-1多效唑处理抑制碗莲品种'火花'生长.随着多效唑质量浓度提高,立叶数、立叶长、立叶宽、立叶高、花径、花高和开花总数总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势,且总体上与对照组(质量浓度0 mg·L-1多效唑)差异显著.随着处理时间延长,质量浓度10~50 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化趋势各异;质量浓度10~50 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及质量浓度10、20和30 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性总体上呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而质量浓度40和50 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中CAT活性则呈逐渐降低的变化趋势.相关性分析结果表明:碗莲品种'火花'生长指标的隶属函数值间以及叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性的隶属函数值与生长指标的隶属函数值间的相关性总体在0.05或0.01水平上显著.研究结果显示:质量浓度10、20和30 mg·L-1多效唑处理可有效控制碗莲品种'火花'生长,提高其观赏性;且其生长指标以及叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性可以作为判断碗莲品种'火花'矮化效果的可靠、简易指标.     

Genetic diversity and inferred ancestry of Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) germplasms in Thailand and Vietnam

Tropical lotus (Nelumbo) is an important and unique ecological type of lotus germplasm. Understanding the genetic relationship and diversity of the tropical lotus is necessary for its sustainable conservation and utilization. Using 42 EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) and 30 SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers, we assessed the genetic diversity and inferred the ancestry of representative tropical lotus from Thailand and Vietnam. In total, 164 and 41 polymorphic bands were detected in 69 accessions by 36 EST-SSR and seven SRAP makers, respectively. Higher genetic diversity was revealed in Thai lotus than in Vietnamese lotus. A Neighbor-Joining tree of five main clusters was constructed using combined EST-SSR and SRAP markers. Cluster I included 17 accessions of Thai lotus; cluster II contained three Thai accessions and 11 accessions from southern Vietnam; and cluster III was constituted by 13 accessions of seed lotus. Consistent with the results from the Neighbor-Joining tree, the genetic structure analysis showed that the genetic background of most Thai and Vietnamese lotus was pure, as artificial breeding has been rare in both countries. Furthermore, these analyses indicate that Thai and Vietnamese lotus germplasms belong to two different gene pools or populations. Most lotus accessions are genetically related to geographical distribution patterns in Thailand or Vietnam. Our findings showed that the origin or genetic relationships of some unidentified lotus sources can be evaluated by comparing morphological characteristics and the data of molecular markers. In addition, these findings provide reliable information for the targeted conservation of tropical lotus and parent selection in breeding novel cultivars of lotus.