大鼠侧脑室注射神经降压素对血压的作用

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠,用乌拉坦腹腔麻醉,在侧脑室注射神经降压素（ＮＴ）（１０,２０μｇ）可引起血压升高或降低,心率减慢,预先ｉｃｖ ａ１受体阻断剂哌唑嗪,可阻断ＮＴ的中枢升压反应,预先ｉｃｖ Ｍ受体阻断剂硫酸阿托品,可阻断ＮＴ的中枢降压反应,预先ｉｃｖ Ｈ１受体阻断剂扑尔敏或Ｈ２受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍,对ＮＴ的中枢心血管效应均无明显影响。实验结果表明：脑中ＮＴ升高可使血压升高或降低;在     

大鼠蓝斑核区神经降压素对迷走—加压反应的影响

本文应用放射免疫、核团微量注射及组织荧光分光测定等实验方法,研究大鼠蓝斑核区神经降压素对迷走-加压反应的影响。结果表明:1.电刺激颈迷走神经向中端,孤束核、蓝斑核区和下丘脑中神经降压素免疫活性物的含量明显增高(p<0.05)。2.蓝斑核区注入神经降压素后,刺激颈迷走神经向中端,迷走-加压反应明显减弱(P<0.01),并呈明显的量效依赖关系。3.蓝斑核区注入抗神经降压素血清,迷走-加压反应明显加强(p<0.01)。4.蓝斑核区注入神经降压素后,刺激颈迷走神经向中端,该区去甲肾上腺素含量明显增高(p<0.05)。以上结果提示:内源与外源性神经降压素参与迷走-加压反应的调节过程,并可能与神经降压素引起蓝斑核区去甲肾上腺素含量增加有关。     

功能性头痛病人脑脊液神经降压素含量的改变

神经降压素(neurotensin,NT)是由13个氨基酸组成的脑肠肽。它广泛分布于哺乳类动物及人的脑内、胃肠道及其它组织中。NT不仅对心血管、消化道及内分泌有重要作用,而且也具有显著的镇痛作用。但是,功能性头痛病人NT含量有否改变,两者是否相关,尚未见报道。为此,我们测定了功能性头痛病人脑脊液NT含量的改变,为进一步探讨NT与该疾病之间的关系提供某些实验依据。     

神经降压素对刺激下丘脑减压区所致减压反应的影响

大鼠下丘脑前部一侧减压区,采用直流方波或化学刺激、注射微量神经降压素及其抗血清和放射免疫分析等方法,探讨了神经降压素对刺激该减压区所致减压反应的影响。结果表明：（１）电或化学刺激该减压区,可出现同其它哺乳动物相似的减压反应;（２）该减压区注射微量神经降压素,可使电刺激该减压区所致的减压反应明显增强;反之,注射抗神经降压素血清,该减压反应明显抑制;（３）电刺激该减压区,可使下丘脑和血浆中的神经降压素免疫活性物含量明显增高。结果提示,神经降压素可能参与电刺激该减压区所致的减压反应过程。     

一氧化氮和cGMP参与神经降压素的肝细胞保护作用

本工作在原代培养的小鼠肝细胞上观察了一氧化氮,ｃＧＭＰ和ｃＡＭＰ的变化与神经降压素肝细胞保护作用之间的关系。结果如下：向培养液中加入醋氨酚１２ｈ后,ＧＯＴ和ＧＰＴ漏出明显增加;在加醋酚之前给予神经降压素则使液氨酶漏出明显减轻。给予ＮＯ合成酶阻断剂Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ可完全阻断神经降压素的保护作用。     

中脑导水管周围灰质内神经降压素在电针镇痛中的作用

本工作以钾离子透入法引起大鼠甩尾反应的电流强度为痛反应指标,测定动物痛阈,观察到大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）内注入神经降压素（ＮＴ）后,大鼠痛阈和电针镇痛效应明显升高;注入抗神经降压素血清后,痛阈和电针镇痛效应明显降低。注入纳洛酮后,可明显减弱ＮＴ镇痛和电针镇痛的效应。提示,ＰＡＧ内ＮＴ参与电针镇痛的病理生理过程,且至少部分效应是通过内源性阿片肽系统中介的     

神经降压素对醋氨酚引起肝损伤的保护作用及其与谷胱甘肽系统的关系

本工作观察了神经降压素对醋氨酚引起的小鼠在体肝脏和离体肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其与谷胱甘肽系统的关系,结果表明,ＮＴ在整体和离体肝细胞增能减轻醋氨酚诱导的转氨酶的漏出,且在离体肝细胞部分翻转了醋氨酚引起的ＤＮＡ合成速率的下降,在离体肝细胞醋氨酚使细胞内还原谷胱甘肽,谷胱甘肽总含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均降低,但氧化型谷胱甘肽含量无明显改变。ＮＴ预处理后再给予醋氨酚,则ＧＳＨ含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物醋     

Cholinergic mechanisms in intestinal phase insulin secretion in rats

The present study was designed to examine the role of neural cholinergic mechanisms in intestinal phase insulin secretion during increasing intraduodenal instillation rates of the test meals. In groups of 12 anesthetized rats arterial insulin levels rose significantly in relation to the increase of the rate at which the liver extract/sucrose was instilled intraduodenally (0.15, 0.5 and 1.5 ml/min). The injection of atropine (10 micrograms/kg) 5 min prior to the intraduodenal infusion of the test meals abolished this rate-dependent augmentation of insulin levels completely. Similarly, no effect of increasing intraduodenal infusion rates of the meal was observed in islet-transplanted rats. These data demonstrate that neural - at least in part muscarinic cholinergic - mechanisms participate in intestinal phase insulin secretion of rats supporting previous observations about the importance of neural factors in the regulation of postprandial insulin release.     

家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射乙酰胆碱对血压和心率的影响

将乙酰胆碱(ACh)注入麻醉家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔,观察其对心血管活动的影响。结果表明:(1)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射50～100μg ACh可使血压下降,心率减慢;(2)预先由脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射阿托品,可阻断ACh引起的降压和降心率作用;(3)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射六甲双铵、酚妥拉明或心得安均不能阻断上述ACh的心血管反应;(4)切断两侧颈部迷走神经,ACh不再使心率减慢,但其降低血压的作用不受到任何影响。 脊髓中ACh水平升高可通过激活胆碱能M-受体引起血压下降和心率减慢。ACh的这种降压作用既没有中枢肾上腺素能受体活动参与,也不是通过迷走神经实现的,可能是由于脊髓交感血管中枢紧张性降低所造成的。     

Cholinergic-specific glycoconjugates

Cholinergic nerve terminals utilize glycoconjugates in several ways, as surface markers and as structural components of the synaptic vesicles present within them. The surface markers have been discovered immunochemically: antibodies raised against them are able specifically to sensitize the cholinergic subpopulation of mammalian brain synaptosomes to complement-mediated lysis. One such group of antigens (Chol-1) have been identified as a novel series of minor gangliosides having in common a sialylatedN-acetylgalactosamine residue. These gangliosides may constitute the major gangliosides at cholinergic terminals. A second surface antigen (Chol-2) is thought to be a protein with an epitope in common with aTorpedo electric organ ganglioside. Cholinergic synaptic vesicles are rich in a proteoglycan which appears to assist in the sequestration of acetylcholine within the vesicle and to stabilize the vesicle membrane during cycles of exocytosis and recovery. It may be the cholinergic equivalent of the chromogranins.Abbreviations AP affinity purified - ATPase adenosine 5-triphosphate phosphohydrolase - cer ceramido - ChAT choline acetyltransferase - Chol-1, –2 cholinergic-specific antigens - DA dopamine - DOG deoxyglucose - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorption assay - EOD electric organ discharge - FAB fast atomic bombardment - GABA -aminobutyrate - GAG glycosaminoglycan - gal galactosyl - gaINAc N-acetylgalactosaminyl - glc glucosyl - Glu glutamate - 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - NA noradrenaline - NGF nerve growth factor - S, S-S mono-, disialyl - SPM synaptosomal plasma membrane - TH tyrosine hydroxylase - TLC thin-layer chromatography - TSM Torpedo electromotor synaptosomal membrane - VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptide - VPG vesicle proteoglycan Special issue dedicated to Dr. Leon Wolfe.     

迷走神经抗炎机制及临床应用的研究进展

炎症是机体对有害刺激所产生的一种保护机制。然而, 炎症持续且炎症介质过量分泌则导致慢性炎症, 造成细胞、组织或器官功能障碍。迷走神经(vagus nerve)是神经-免疫调控的核心之一。近年来研究发现,迷走神经通过胆碱能抗炎通路、非胆碱能抗炎通路及炎症反馈等多途径发挥调控炎症反应(特别是抗炎)作用。本文重点就迷走神经抗炎的核心机制,及其在自身免疫病、感染性疾病、代谢性疾病和神经系统疾病中的临床应用进行阐述, 以期为临床抗炎治疗提供新思路。     

Stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone of vagal outflow to the thyroid gland

An intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of TRH to the urethane anesthetized rat stimulates the activity of the superior laryngeal nerve (n.sl) which is a vagal ramus terminating at the thyroid gland and adjacent muscles. The response to TRH, a tonic increase in the n.sl outflow, was dose dependent in the 0.005-5.0 micrograms/100 g B.W. range. In contrast to this, methionine-enkephalin (ENK), neurotensin (NT) and somatostatin (SRIF) (5 micrograms/100 g, i.c.v.) all caused a transient decrease in n.sl activity. SRIF showed the highest attenuating effect when injected alone and was capable of diminishing the increased activity produced by a prior injection of TRH. ENK and NT failed to affect the TRH-induced increased activity. When injected concomitantly with TRH, SRIF blocked the response to TRH while ENK and NT both failed to affect the response to TRH. Pretreatment with triiodothyronine for 5 days strongly inhibited the response of the n.sl outflow to TRH. On the other hand, pretreatment with atropine, haloperidol, propranolol, phenoxybenzamine and p-chlorophenylalanine failed to block the stimulating effect of TRH although the response was diminished by some antagonists. It therefore seemed that TRH transmission is involved in central stimulation and SRIF is antagonistic in this regulation of n.sl outflow to the thyroid gland.     

在不同的交感中枢活动水平时刺激腓深神经对肾神经发放的影响

本工作记录家免肾神经冲动和动脉血压,观察电刺激腓深神经的效应。在用减少通气量、切断双侧迷走神经、切断双侧缓冲神经等方法使交感中枢活动水平升高时,刺激腓深神经(3V、10Hz、0.3ms 持续15min)对血压无明显影响,但可以抑制肾神经的发放。相反,用过度通气或刺激一侧降压神经的方法使交感中枢活动水平降低时,同样的参数刺激腓深神经,则使肾神经发放增加。刺激腓深神经对肾神经发放的抑制效应,可为静脉注射纳洛酮阻断,而兴奋效应则被静脉注射东莨菪碱阻断。上述结果表明:低频低强度刺激腓深神经可引起肾神经发放的抑制或增强,其效应取决于交感中枢的活动状态。躯体传入对肾神经发放的抑制效应有内源性阿片样物质参与,而躯体传入对肾神经发放的兴奋效应则和中枢胆碱能系统的激活有关。