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1.
不同材性树种的解剖、叶脉分布等结构性状差异会影响树木的水分运输效率和水分利用策略, 进而限制树木的生存、生长和分布。然而, 材性对叶导水率、水力脆弱性及其潜在的权衡关系的影响尚不清楚。该研究选择东北温带森林中不同材性的9种树种(散孔材: 山杨(Populus davidiana)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)、白桦(Betula platyphylla); 环孔材: 蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica); 无孔材: 红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)、红松(Pinus koraiensis), 测量其基于叶面积和叶质量的叶导水率(Karea和Kmass)、水力脆弱性(P50)、膨压丧失点水势(TLP)及叶结构性状, 以比较不同材性树种叶水力性状的差异, 并探索叶水力效率与安全的权衡关系。结果表明: 3种材性树种的Karea、Kmass和P50均差异显著(p < 0.05)。无孔材树种的Karea和Kmass最低, 而散孔材和环孔材树种差异不显著; 环孔材树种P50最高, 而散孔材和无孔材树种差异不显著。Karea和Kmass均与P50显著负相关(p < 0.05), 但散孔材、环孔材和无孔材树种的相关关系分别呈线性、幂函数和指数函数关系。这表明叶水力效率与安全之间存在一定的权衡关系, 但该关系受树木材性的影响。Kmass与TLP显著负相关(p < 0.01), 其中散孔材和环孔材树种呈线性负相关, 无孔材树种呈负指数函数关系; P50随TLP的增加而增加, 这表明树木在面临水分胁迫时, 其质外体和共质体抗旱阻力共同协调保护叶片活细胞, 防止其水分状况到达临界阈值。Kmass与叶干物质含量、叶密度、比叶重均显著负相关, 而P50与之显著正相关(p < 0.01, P50与比叶重的关系除外), 表明树木叶水力特性的变化受相同叶结构特性驱动, 树木增加对水力失调的容忍需要在叶水力系统构建上增加碳投资。 相似文献
2.
立地条件和树龄对刺槐和小叶杨叶水力性状及抗旱性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以形成黄土高原“小老树”的2种典型树种刺槐和小叶杨为对象,研究了立地条件(沟谷台地和沟间坡地)和树龄对两种树木叶水力学性质和抗旱性的影响,探讨“小老树”形成的水力生理机制.结果表明:水分较好的沟谷台地上生长的两种树木的叶最大水力导度(Kmax)明显大于水分较差的沟间坡地,叶水力脆弱性(P50)也较高;随树龄增加,两种树木的Kmax明显下降,但P50差异不大.台地上生长的两种树木的叶表皮导度和PV曲线参数(膨压损失点时的相对含水量RWCtlp、膨压损失点时的水势ψtlp饱和含水量时的渗透势ψsat)均大于 坡地;随树龄增加,两种树木的叶表皮导度显著下降,PV曲线参数出现不同程度的下降.两种树木Kmax与ψtlp呈显著正相关,P50与PV曲线参数之间存在一定的相关性,表明Kmax与抗旱性之间存在一种权衡关系,P50是反映两种树木的抗旱性特征之一. 相似文献
3.
立地条件和树龄对刺槐和小叶杨叶水力性状及抗旱性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以形成黄土高原“小老树”的2种典型树种刺槐和小叶杨为对象,研究了立地条件(沟谷台地和沟间坡地)和树龄对两种树木叶水力学性质和抗旱性的影响,探讨“小老树”形成的水力生理机制.结果表明: 水分较好的沟谷台地上生长的两种树木的叶最大水力导度(Kmax)明显大于水分较差的沟间坡地,叶水力脆弱性(P50)也较高;随树龄增加,两种树木的Kmax明显下降,但P50差异不大.台地上生长的两种树木的叶表皮导度和PV曲线参数(膨压损失点时的相对含水量RWCtlp、膨压损失点时的水势ψtlp、饱和含水量时的渗透势ψsat)均大于坡地;随树龄增加,两种树木的叶表皮导度显著下降,PV曲线参数出现不同程度的下降.两种树木Kmax与ψtlp呈显著正相关,P50与PV曲线参数之间存在一定的相关性,表明Kmax与抗旱性之间存在一种权衡关系,P50是反映两种树木的抗旱性特征之一. 相似文献
4.
为探讨不同胸径径级树木的水力性状变异格局,该研究以元江干热河谷生态系统中优势乔木树种厚皮树(Lannea coromandelica)为研究对象,测定了56棵不同胸径(0<DBH≤9 cm)厚皮树的整枝(叶片和枝条)、叶片和枝条的导水率分布格局及其形态学特征,进而探讨这些性状在胸径径级(0<DBH≤3, 3<DBH≤6和6<DBH≤9 cm)间的变异格局。结果表明:(1)3个胸径径级的厚皮树的枝条导水率均显著大于叶片导水率,表明其枝条和叶片之间存在水力分割现象且水力分割程度相似。(2)在3个胸径径级之间,平均叶柄长度、树皮密度、边材密度、胡伯尔值和比叶重等形态学性状存在显著差异,但是整枝、叶片和枝条导水率无显著差异。(3)在3个胸径径级中,整枝导水率与叶片导水率和枝条导水率均呈显著正相关。枝条导水率与树皮密度呈显著负相关,与边材密度呈显著正相关。叶片导水率与胡伯尔值呈显著负相关。综上所述,尽管一些形态学性状在不同胸径径级之间存在显著差异性,但在不同生长阶段,厚皮树叶片和枝条之间存在着相似的水力分布格局。该研究结果为了解树木体内的水分传输机制具有重要的生理学意义。 相似文献
5.
通过盆栽控水试验,研究了不同生育时期陇东苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Longdong)叶性状对不同程度干旱的响应。结果表明:(1)随干旱加重,叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶氮含量(LN)、比叶重(LMA)、叶厚(LT)上升,叶面积(LA)减小,叶磷含量(LP)无明显变化,叶绿素含量(Chl)和叶长宽比(L/W)波动较大。(2)随生育时期的延长,LT、LDMC、L/W和LA变化不明显,LN下降,LP呈倒\"V\"型趋势,LMA和Chl波动较大。(3)L/W与LN、LT显著负相关;LDMC与LT、LMA显著正相关;LMA与LT、LN显著正相关,与L/W、LP显著负相关;LN与LT显著正相关;LA与LP显著正相关,与LDMC、LMA、LN显著负相关;Chl与其他叶性状均不相关。尽管干旱下陇东苜蓿不同生育时期叶性状响应并未表现出一致的变化,叶性状的差异性变化还是部分反映了陇东苜蓿适应干旱而采取的综合策略。从不同生育时期的差异性反应角度出发,探讨干旱下的叶性状响应是阐明优良牧草紫花苜蓿水分适应性的新的尝试。 相似文献
6.
为理解刺叶高山栎(Quercus spinosa)对于高海拔环境的适应机制,探究其生态适应策略,通过测定云南禄劝乌蒙乡三个不同海拔梯度样地刺叶高山栎的12个叶功能性状特征,利用方差分解分析和冗余分析揭示叶功能性状对环境因子的响应,进一步利用叶片性状网络与主成分分析对其生存适应策略进行解析。结果表明:(1)乌蒙乡刺叶高山栎叶功能性状均存在变异,变异系数范围在6.12%-54.97%之间,其中叶含水量变异程度最高,变异系数为54.97%,叶碳含量变异程度最小,变异系数为6.12%;(2)乌蒙乡刺叶高山栎绝大部分叶功能性状存在显著的沿海拔分异规律:比叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶碳含量和叶氮含量均随海拔上升呈显著上升趋势,叶厚度、叶干重、叶干物质含量、叶含水量和叶碳氮含量比沿海拔上升呈显著下降趋势;(3)研究区域内,土壤因子对刺叶高山栎叶功能性状变异起决定作用,土壤总钾、总氮、速效磷与含水量是重要土壤因子;(4)乌蒙乡刺叶高山栎形成以比叶面积为中心的叶功能性状网络,并通过调节以叶碳含量为代表性状(即资源获取)与叶氮磷含量比为代表性状(即养分利用)两个功能模块适应环境变化;(5)研究区域内,在不同海拔梯度分布的刺叶高山栎适应环境变化采取不同经济策略;高海拔分布的刺叶高山栎通过提高光合效率以及采取更为积极的“快速投资-收益型”资源策略以适应生境。总之,乌蒙乡不同海拔梯度刺叶高山栎叶功能性状沿海拔梯度分异明显,土壤养分及其含水量是造成这种分异的主要因素,导致了不同的适应策略产生。 相似文献
7.
为探究了哥王Wikstroemiaindica的叶功能性状特征及其影响因素,在海岛植被调查的基础上对了哥王叶片进行取样并测定其功能性状指标,利用变异系数法和Pearson相关性分析探讨叶功能性状之间的差异与联系,运用冗余分析研究了哥王叶功能性状对土壤因子的响应。结果表明,了哥王的叶功能性状变异系数介于9.76%~23.73%,其中叶体积变异幅度最大(23.73%),叶干物质含量变异幅度最小(9.76%),整体上了哥王叶功能性状保持相对稳定。了哥王各项叶功能性状之间具有一定的相关性,联系较密切。了哥王叶功能性状主要受土壤中有机质、全氮、碱解氮的影响,土壤中有机质、全氮、碱解氮的含量与比叶面积呈正比,与叶厚度、叶体积成反比。了哥王的叶片可以通过一定的性状变异和组合来适应外部环境的变化,以较好地适应海岛恶劣的环境。该研究结果可为了哥王野生种质资源的保护、利用以及人工栽培提供参考。 相似文献
8.
阔叶红松林是我国东北地区地带性顶级森林群落,对维持区域生态系统稳定性具有重要作用。对阔叶红松林内主要树种凋落叶分解过程及影响因素进行研究,有助于增加长白山阔叶红松林生态系统的基础数据,为明确阔叶红松林的养分循环和物质流动提供依据。选取了长白山阔叶红松林内30个常见乔灌树种和16个凋落叶性状,采用野外分解袋法和室内样品分析等方法研究了长白山阔叶红松林内主要树种凋落叶分解速率及其与凋落叶性状的关系。1年的野外分解实验表明,30个树种的凋落叶重量损失率表现出较大差异。不同树种凋落叶的重量损失率在20.56%—92.11%之间,以红松(Pinus koraiensis)质量损失率最低,东北山梅花(Philadelphus schrenkii)质量损失率最高。不同生活型树种的凋落叶在质量损失率上存在显著差异,以灌木树种凋落叶的质量损失率最高,小乔木次之,乔木树种质量损失率最低。Olson模型拟合结果表明,不同树种凋落叶的分解速率k以红松最低,瘤枝卫矛(Euonymus verrucosus)最高,分别为0.24和1.64。不同树种分解50%和95%所需的时间分别在0.43—2.86年,1.83—... 相似文献
9.
麻栎和闽楠幼苗叶功能性状及生物量对光照和施肥的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
光照和养分条件是影响植物生长的重要环境因子,不同生活型植物对环境异质性的响应机制不同。以落叶阔叶树种麻栎和常绿阔叶树种闽楠幼苗为研究对象,设置2个光照梯度(全光照和45%全光照)和4个施肥梯度(不施肥、氮磷供应比为5、15和45)共8种处理,研究光照和施肥及其交互作用对麻栎和闽楠生物量和叶形态、生理及化学性状的影响,并探讨了叶功能性状和生物量的关系。结果表明:(1)光照、施肥及其交互作用对光合气体交换参数(除水分利用效率外)、叶绿素荧光参数、叶形态指标(除比叶面积外)、单位质量叶氮含量和根冠比影响显著(P<0.05)。此外,光照和施肥对地上生物量和总生物量影响显著(P<0.05)。(2)全光照显著增加了麻栎和闽楠单株总叶面积和地上、地下生物量及总生物量(P<0.05),而遮荫降低了非光化学猝灭系数、光合氮利用率和根冠比,增加了单位质量叶氮含量。(3)在全光照处理中,施肥显著增加了麻栎和闽楠水分利用效率(P<0.05);在遮荫处理中,氮磷供应比45显著增加了麻栎和闽楠净光合速率和水分利用效率(P<0.05)。(4)麻栎和闽楠在全光照中倾向于资源获取策略,在遮荫中偏向于资源保守策略。在光照和施肥处理中,麻栎和闽楠单株总叶面积与地上生物量均显著正相关(P<0.05)。总之,单株总叶面积是预测麻栎和闽楠幼苗地上生物量变化的稳定指标,施肥有助于增加低光环境下麻栎和闽楠幼苗的生态适应能力。 相似文献
10.
基于植物群落叶功能性状的角度研究植物群落与环境的关系有助于探究植物的适生策略。然而,目前关于江心洲植物群落叶功能性状的研究还有待深入探究。基于此,选取8项植物群落叶功能性状指标和9项土壤理化性质指标,探究闽江福州河段5个江心洲3种不同生境类型(洲岸沙滩、洲岸泥滩和洲中央林地)的植物群落叶功能性状与土壤因子特征及其响应机制。结果表明:(1)除土壤温度外,江心洲不同生境的其余8个土壤理化因子存在显著差异。(2)江心洲不同生境的植物群落叶功能性状存在显著差异。在灌木层上,洲中央林地的叶面积(80.935 cm2)显著高于洲岸泥滩(31.685 cm2)和洲岸沙滩(14.280 cm2);在草本层上,洲中央林地的比叶面积(535.684 cm2/g)显著高于洲岸沙滩(384.974 cm2/g);然而,在乔木层上,不同生境的植物群落叶功能性状无显著性差异。(3)影响江心洲不同生境植物群落叶功能性状的主要土壤因子不尽相同,洲岸沙滩为土壤温度,洲岸泥滩为土壤含水量、土壤全碳含量和土壤容重,洲中央林地为土壤容重和土壤含水量。研究发现,与相对远离闽江的洲中央林地相比,河流水动力和潮汐的干扰导致洲岸沙滩和洲岸泥滩的生境发生变化,植物群落通过调整资源分配利用的适生策略,权衡功能性状组合以适应环境的变化。 相似文献
11.
《植物生态学报》2016,40(7):702
Aims Trees with different wood properties display variations in xylem anatomy and leaf vein structure, which may influence tree water transport efficiency and water-use strategy, and consequently constrain tree survival, growth and distribution. However, the effects of wood properties on leaf hydraulic conductance and vulnerability and their potential trade-offs at leaf level are not well understood. Our aims were to examine variations in leaf hydraulic traits of trees with different wood properties and explore potential trade-offs between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety.
Methods Nine tree species with different wood properties were selected for measuring the leaf hydraulic traits, including three diffuse-porous species (Populus davidiana, Tilia amurensis, Betula platyphylla), three ring-porous species (Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica), and three non-porous species (Picea koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus koraiensis). Four dominant and healthy trees per species were randomly selected. The hydraulic traits measured included leaf hydraulic conductance on leaf area (Karea) and dry mass (Kmass) basis, leaf hydraulic vulnerability (P50), and leaf water potential at turgor loss point (TLP), while the leaf structural traits were leaf dry mass content (LDMC), leaf density (LD) and leaf mass per unit area (LMA).
Important findings The Karea, Kmass, and P50 differed significantly among the tree species with different woody properties (p < 0.05). Both Karea and Kmass were the lowest for the non-porous trees, and did not differ significantly between the diffuse-porous and ring-porous trees. The ring-porous trees had the highest P50 values, while the diffuse-porous and non-porous trees showed no significant differences in P50. Both Karea and Kmass were negatively correlated with P50 (p < 0.05) for all the trees, and the relationships for the diffuse-porous, ring-porous, and non-porous trees were fitted into linear, power, exponential functions, respectively. This indicates that significant trade-offs exist between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety. The Kmass was correlated (p < 0.01) with TLP in a negative linear function for the diffuse- and ring-porous trees and in a negative exponential function for the non-porous trees. The P50 increased with increasing TLP. These results suggest that apoplastic and symplastic drought resistance are strictly coordinated in order to protect living cells from approaching their critical water status under water stresses. The Kmass was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with LDMC, LD, or LMA, while the P50 was positively correlated with LDMC and LD; this suggests that variations in Kmass and P50 are driven by similar changes in structural traits regardless of wood traits. We conclude that the tree tolerance to hydraulic dysfunction increases with increasing carbon investment in the leaf hydraulic system. 相似文献
Methods Nine tree species with different wood properties were selected for measuring the leaf hydraulic traits, including three diffuse-porous species (Populus davidiana, Tilia amurensis, Betula platyphylla), three ring-porous species (Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica), and three non-porous species (Picea koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus koraiensis). Four dominant and healthy trees per species were randomly selected. The hydraulic traits measured included leaf hydraulic conductance on leaf area (Karea) and dry mass (Kmass) basis, leaf hydraulic vulnerability (P50), and leaf water potential at turgor loss point (TLP), while the leaf structural traits were leaf dry mass content (LDMC), leaf density (LD) and leaf mass per unit area (LMA).
Important findings The Karea, Kmass, and P50 differed significantly among the tree species with different woody properties (p < 0.05). Both Karea and Kmass were the lowest for the non-porous trees, and did not differ significantly between the diffuse-porous and ring-porous trees. The ring-porous trees had the highest P50 values, while the diffuse-porous and non-porous trees showed no significant differences in P50. Both Karea and Kmass were negatively correlated with P50 (p < 0.05) for all the trees, and the relationships for the diffuse-porous, ring-porous, and non-porous trees were fitted into linear, power, exponential functions, respectively. This indicates that significant trade-offs exist between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety. The Kmass was correlated (p < 0.01) with TLP in a negative linear function for the diffuse- and ring-porous trees and in a negative exponential function for the non-porous trees. The P50 increased with increasing TLP. These results suggest that apoplastic and symplastic drought resistance are strictly coordinated in order to protect living cells from approaching their critical water status under water stresses. The Kmass was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with LDMC, LD, or LMA, while the P50 was positively correlated with LDMC and LD; this suggests that variations in Kmass and P50 are driven by similar changes in structural traits regardless of wood traits. We conclude that the tree tolerance to hydraulic dysfunction increases with increasing carbon investment in the leaf hydraulic system. 相似文献
12.
《植物生态学报》2015,39(10):1021
Leaf is the most important organ for carbon-water coupling of a plant because it is the primary medium for photosynthesis. It also acts as the hydraulic bottleneck and safety valve against hydraulic catastrophic dysfunctions. The leaf economics spectrum, which reflects the balance between investments and returns of leaf economic traits, provides a useful framework for examining species strategies as shaped by their evolutionary history. Changes in leaf hydraulic traits will influence leaf economic traits as well as plant survival and growth. Exploring trade-offs between leaf hydraulic and economic traits is thus of significance for modeling carbon-water relations, understanding the mechanisms of water/carbon investments, and extending the leaf economic spectrum. In this review, we first examined the trade-offs between leaf hydraulic and economic traits. Specially, we analyzed the relationships between leaf hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic vulnerability, water potential at the turgor loss point, water capacitance, safety margin, and leaf morphological, structural and functional traits. We then discussed potential mechanisms regulating leaf hydraulic and economic traits from leaf morphology, anatomy, venation, and stomatal functions. Finally, we proposed future research to: (1) develop an integrated whole-plant economics spectrum, including carbon-nitrogen-water resources and root-stem-leaf hydraulic transport system that will help revealing ecophysiological mechanisms of plant structure-functional coupling, carbon sequestration and water use; (2) explore a generalized trade-offs among leaf hydraulic safety, hydraulic efficiency and carbon fixation efficiency to advance our understanding of the relationships between biophysical structure and physiological metabolism in plant leaf construction under drought stress; and (3) explore the carbon-water metabolic relationship and coupling of water transport and growth rate for the metabolic theory and predictions at community scale. 相似文献
13.
叶片既是植物光合产物形成的主要场所, 又是整株植物的水力瓶颈、应对灾难性水力失调的安全阀门, 是植物碳水耦合权衡的重要器官。叶经济型谱反映了叶片经济性状“投资-收益”的权衡, 为验证植物进化过程中形成的物种对策提供了适用的理论框架。叶片水力性状变化会影响叶片经济性状及植物存活和生长。因此, 探索植物叶片水力与经济性状的权衡关系, 对建立植物碳-水耦合模型、揭示植物水-碳投资机理、扩展植物性状型谱等均有重要意义。该文首先综述了叶片水力性状、经济性状及两者之间的权衡关系, 分析了叶片导水率与水力脆弱性、失膨点水势、水容、安全阈值等水力性状以及与叶片的形态、结构和气体交换功能性状之间的关系。然后, 从叶片形态、解剖和叶脉网络结构以及气孔功能方面探讨了叶片水力性状与经济性状的调节机制。最后, 提出今后应加强三方面的研究: (1)探索建立植物根-茎-叶水力输导系统的碳-氮-水资源的整株经济型谱, 以揭示植物功能结构耦合、高效固碳用水的生理生态学机制; (2)探索叶片水力安全、水力效率和固碳效率之间的普适性权衡关系, 以深入理解抗旱植物叶片构建的生物物理结构与生理代谢的关系; (3)探索个体水平碳水代谢关系、水分运输与生长速率的耦合, 为代谢推演理论和植物群落尺度预测提供基础。 相似文献
14.
Leaf hydraulic conductance and the vulnerability to water deficits have profound effects on plant distribution and mortality. In this study, we compiled a leaf hydraulic trait dataset with 311 species-at-site combinations from biomes worldwide. These traits included maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), water potential at 50% loss of Kleaf (P50leaf), and minimum leaf water potential (Ψmin). Leaf hydraulic safety margin (HSMleaf) was calculated as the difference between Ψmin and P50leaf. Our results indicated that 70% of the studied species had a narrow HSMleaf (less than 1 MPa), which was consistent with the global pattern of stem hydraulic safety margin. There was a positive relationship between HSMleaf and aridity index (the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration), as species from humid sites tended to have larger HSMleaf. We found a significant relationship between Kleaf and P50leaf across global angiosperm woody species and within each of the different plant groups. This global analysis of leaf hydraulic traits improves our understanding of plant hydraulic response to environmental change. 相似文献
15.
F. Daniela Rodriguez‐Zaccaro Jessica Valdovinos‐Ayala Marta I. Percolla Martin D. Venturas R. Brandon Pratt Anna L. Jacobsen 《Plant, cell & environment》2019,42(6):1816-1831
Xylem vessel structure changes as trees grow and mature. Age‐ and development‐related changes in xylem structure are likely related to changes in hydraulic function. We examined whether hydraulic function, including hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to water‐stress‐induced xylem embolism, changed over the course of cambial development in the stems of 17 tree species. We compared current‐year growth of young (1–4 years), intermediate (2–7 years), and older (3–10 years) stems occurring in series along branches. Diffuse and ring porous species were examined, but nearly all species produced only diffuse porous xylem in the distal branches that were examined irrespective of their mature xylem porosity type. Vessel diameter and length increased with cambial age. Xylem became both more conductive and more cavitation resistant with cambial age. Ring porous species had longer and wider vessels and xylem that had higher conductivity and was more vulnerable to cavitation; however, these differences between porosity types were not present in young stem samples. Understanding plant hydraulic function and architecture requires the sampling of multiple‐aged tissues because plants may vary considerably in their xylem structural and functional traits throughout the plant body, even over relatively short distances and closely aged tissues. 相似文献
16.
Juniperus communis ssp. communis can grow like a shrub or it can develop a tree-like habit. In this study, the hydraulic architecture of these contrasting growth forms was compared. We analysed the hydraulic efficiency (leaf-specific conductivity, k(l); specific conductivity, k(s); Huber value, HV) and the vulnerability to cavitation (the water potential corresponding to a 50% loss of conductivity, Psi(50)), as well as anatomical parameters [mean tracheid diameter, d; mean hydraulic diameter, d(h); cell wall reinforcement (t/b)(h)(2)] of shrub shoots, tree stems and tree branches. Shrub shoots were similar to tree branches (especially to lower branches) in growth form and conductivity (k(l) = 1.93 +/- 0.11 m(2) s(-1) MPa(-1) 10(-7), k(s) = 5.71 +/- 0.19 m(2) s(-1) MPa(-1) 10(-4)), but were similar to tree stems in their vulnerability to cavitation (Psi(50) = -5.81 +/- 0.08 MPa). Tree stems showed extraordinarily high k(l) and k(s) values, and HV increased from the base up. Stem xylem was more vulnerable to cavitation than branch xylem, where Psi(50) increased from lower (Psi(50) = -6.44 +/- 0.19 MPa) to upper branches (Psi(50) = -5.98 +/- 0.13 MPa). Conduit diameters were correlated with k(l) and k(s). Data indicate that differences in hydraulic architecture correspond to changes in growth form. In some aspects, the xylem hydraulics of tree-like Juniperus communis differs from that of other coniferous tree species. 相似文献
17.
叶片性状-环境关系对于预测气候变化对植物的影响至关重要。该研究以青藏高原东缘常见阔叶木本植物为研究对象, 从47个样点采集了332个物种共666个种群的叶片, 测量了15个叶片性状, 调查了该区域木本植物叶片性状的变异程度, 并从种内和种间水平探讨了叶片性状对环境的响应及适应策略。结果表明, 反眏叶片大小的性状均具有较高的变异, 其中, 叶片面积是变异程度最大的性状。除气孔密度外, 大多数叶片性状与海拔显著相关。气候是叶片性状变异的重要驱动因素, 3.3%-29.5%的叶片性状变异由气候因子组合解释。其中, 气温对叶片性状变异解释度最高, 日照时间能解释大部分叶片性状的变异, 而降水量对叶片性状变异的解释度相对较小。与环境(海拔和气候因子)显著相关的叶片性状在种内明显少于种间水平, 可能是植物性状之间的协同变化与权衡使种内性状变异比较小, 从而减弱了种内叶片性状与环境因子的相关性。研究结果总体表明,叶片性状与木本植物对环境的适应策略密切相关, 植物通过选择小而厚的叶片和较短的叶柄以适应高海拔的 环境。 相似文献
18.
Sandra J. Bucci Luisina M. Carbonell Silletta Analía Garr Agustín Cavallaro Samanta Thais Efron Nadia S. Arias Guillermo Goldstein Fabían G. Scholz 《Plant, cell & environment》2019,42(5):1603-1614
The hydraulic coordination along the water transport pathway helps trees provide adequate water supply to the canopy, ensuring that water deficits are minimized and that stomata remain open for CO2 uptake. We evaluated the stem and leaf hydraulic coordination and the linkages between hydraulic traits and the timing of diurnal depression of photosynthesis across seven evergreen tree species in the southern Andes. There was a positive correlation between stem hydraulic conductivity (ks) and leaf hydraulic conductance (KLeaf) across species. All species had similar maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax). The species with higher ks and KLeaf attained Amax in the morning, whereas the species with lower ks and KLeaf exhibited their Amax in the early afternoon concurrently with turgor loss. These latter species had very negative leaf water potentials, but far from the pressure at which the 88% of leaf hydraulic conductance is lost. Our results suggest that diurnal gas exchange dynamics may be determined by leaf hydraulic vulnerability such that a species more vulnerable to drought restrict water loss and carbon assimilation earlier than species less vulnerable. However, under stronger drought, species with earlier CO2 uptake depression may increase the risk of hydraulic failure, as their safety margins are relatively narrow. 相似文献