贵州威宁发现景东臭蛙

2020年8月6日在贵州省威宁县雪山镇（27°04′09″N,104°04′44″E,海拔2 218 m）采集到6号两栖动物标本,经形态特征比较,与景东臭蛙（Odorrana jingdongensis）相似;基于线粒体16S rRNA构建臭蛙属（Odorrana）部分物种系统发育树,此次采集的臭蛙标本与景东臭蛙聚为一支,且具有较高的支持率（0.97/92,贝叶斯法/最大似然法）;基于Kimura双参数模型估算本次采集的臭蛙标本与景东模式产地标本间的遗传距离为0%,远小于臭蛙属物种间的遗传距离（1.3%～9.5%）。综合形态特征和分子系统发育比较,确定此次采集到的臭蛙标本为无尾目（Anura）蛙科（Ranidae）臭蛙属的景东臭蛙,系贵州省两栖动物分布新记录种。     

陕西镇坪发现光雾臭蛙

2022年6月在陕西省安康市镇坪县化龙山自然保护区(32°00′01″ N,109°17′05″ E,海拔1 641 m)采集到1号无尾两栖类标本,经形态特征比较确认为臭蛙属(Odorrana)物种,基于线粒体16S rRNA分子片段对臭蛙属35个物种的系统发育进行分析,其与模式产地四川南江的光雾臭蛙(O. kuangwuensis)在最大似然系统发育树中聚为一支,支持率高达99%,且遗传分化较小,应属种内关系。综合形态特征比较和系统发育分析,确定采集到的标本为无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)臭蛙属的光雾臭蛙,系陕西省两栖动物分布新记录种,此发现为光雾臭蛙在大巴山脉分布的连续性提供了一定依据。     

辽宁沈阳发现韩国林蛙

2021年11月在沈阳市辽中区蒲河湿地公园（41°30′55″ N,122°78′30″ E,海拔30 m）采集到2号无尾两栖类标本,经形态特征比较确认为无尾目（Anura）蛙科（Ranidae）蛙属（Rana）物种,基于线粒体16S rRNA基因对蛙属19个物种的亲缘关系及系统发育进行分析,其与韩国及中国山东文登昆嵛山分布的韩国林蛙（R. coreana）遗传距离最近,并在最大似然树中聚为一支,应属种内关系。综合形态分析和系统发育比较,确定采集到的标本为韩国林蛙,系辽宁省两栖动物分布新记录种。本次发现将辽宁省分布的蛙属物种增至5种。     

湖南桑植天平山发现宜章臭蛙及该物种的遗传分化分析

2012年和2013年在湖南省桑植县天平山采集到6号臭蛙类标本,经形态比较和分子系统学分析,鉴定为宜章臭蛙（Odorrana yizhangensis）,表明天平山为该物种的新分布点。这些标本与宜章臭蛙的主要鉴别特征相符：体型较小;体背面棕色斑大而密,形状不规则;腹面褐色,其上斑纹稀少;股后部色浅,深色斑明显。雄性头体长（52.45 ± 2.54）mm（48.96 ~ 54.92 mm,n = 3）,雌性头体长（73.11 ± 1.43）mm（71.26 ~ 74.74 mm,n = 3）,均比模式标本群体的头体长略大。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因片段（502 bp）的系统关系分析结果表明,分析的天平山臭蛙标本与宜章臭蛙已知种群聚为一支系,天平山种群与宜章臭蛙已知种群间的遗传距离为0.002 0 ~ 0.008 1,远小于宜章臭蛙与其近缘种龙胜臭蛙（O. lungshengensis）之间的遗传距离（0.035 2 ~ 0.043 9）;这表明采自天平山的臭蛙样本属于宜章臭蛙。本文为宜章臭蛙物种的地理分布与系统学提供了新的信息。     

广西发现腹斑掌突蟾

2021年5月在广西隆林县者浪乡坡合村（105°13′27″ E,24°44′58″ N）采集到5号两栖动物标本,经形态特征比较,与腹斑掌突蟾（Leptobrachella ventripunctata）相似;基于线粒体16S rRNA和12S rRNA基因片段构建的贝叶斯系统发育树显示,此次采集到的掌突蟾属标本与腹斑掌突蟾聚为一支,且具有较高的后验概率（1.00）;基于Kimura双参数模型估算本次采集的标本与腹斑掌突蟾的遗传距离为0.7% ~ 0.9%,远小于掌突蟾属物种间的遗传距离（4.4% ~ 23.4%）。综合形态特征和系统发育分析比较,鉴定此次采集的掌突蟾属标本为腹斑掌突蟾,为广西两栖动物分布新记录种。     

重庆彭水发现务川臭蛙

2022年7月,在重庆市彭水苗族土家族自治县新田镇调查到2只臭蛙,经比较形态特征确认为臭蛙属（Odorrana）物种。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因片段构建的臭蛙属部分物种的贝叶斯和最大似然系统发育树显示,这2只臭蛙和模式产地贵州省务川仡佬族苗族自治县的务川臭蛙（O. wuchuanensis）聚为一支,具有较高的支持率,贝叶斯后验概率为0.99、最大似然超快速引导支持（2 000次重复）自展值为95%。综合形态特征和系统发育分析,确认此2只臭蛙为务川臭蛙,系重庆市首次记录。务川臭蛙分布范围较为狭窄,此前仅记录于贵州省务川县、沿河土家族自治县、荔波县以及湖北省建始县和广西壮族自治区环江毛南族自治县。务川臭蛙在重庆彭水的发现,确认了该物种在武陵山和大娄山脉重庆段的分布。彭水发现的务川臭蛙1雄1雌,雄性体长81.3 mm,大于模式标本的最大体长,大于湖北建始县种群雄蛙体长;雌性体长87.1 mm,在模式标本的体长范围内,小于建始县种群雌蛙体长。线粒体16S rRNA基因的遗传分化分析显示,重庆市彭水苗族土家族自治县的务川臭蛙样本和模式产地的样本没有遗传分化,遗传距离为0。务川臭蛙在重庆市的...     

湖南省两栖类新记录——桂北琴蛙及其系统发育分析

2023年4月21日,在湖南南山国家公园开展野生动物多样性调查过程中,于白云湖(26°18′36.23″N,110°20′05.43″E;海拔606 m)采集到2号蛙类标本(1雌1雄),经初步形态鉴定,其与桂北琴蛙(Nidirana guibeiensis)特征相似。对采集标本的线粒体16S r RNA进行PCR扩增测序后,构建琴蛙属(Nidirana)部分物种贝叶斯系统发育树,结果显示该蛙类标本与桂北琴蛙聚为一支,且具有较高的支持率(1.00);基于Kimura双参数模型估算,该标本与广西兴安县采集的桂北琴蛙标本间的遗传距离为0,远小于琴蛙属不同种间的遗传距离(3.2%～8.7%)。经形态特征鉴定和系统发育分析,确定该蛙类标本为无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)琴蛙属(Nidirana)桂北琴蛙,为湖南省两栖动物新记录种。     

云南省两栖动物新纪录--棕点湍蛙

20 0 2年 8月 ,笔者在云南省昭通市巧家县东坪乡威宁村进行两栖爬行动物调查时 ,采集到 6号蛙类标本 ,经鉴定为蛙科湍蛙属棕点湍蛙 (Amolopsloloen sis) ,是云南省两栖动物新纪录 ,标本现保存于云南大学生命科学学院生物学系脊椎动物标本室。采集地巧家县东坪乡威宁村地理位置为 1 0 3°0 5′1 0″E ,2 7°1 8′45″N ,海拔 2 2 0 0m左右。生活于灌丛茂密、山溪湍流地带。成蛙白昼多隐蔽在溪流边石下或洞内 ;黄昏时多蹲在水中或岸边石上 ,受惊扰后立即跃入溪水中。省外目前仅分布于四川的部分县市。表 1　棕点湍蛙的量度　　　　　　 (单…     

云南省发现弄岗狭口蛙

2018年6月,在位于云南省文山壮族苗族自治州的文山国家级自然保护区(23°21′41″N,104°50′26″E,海拔1 300 m)采集到无尾目(Anura)姬蛙科(Microhylidae)狭口蛙属(Kaloula)标本3号,包括雄性成体标本1号和雌性成体标本2号,并对相应形态特征进行了测量,雄性头体长为35.79mm,雌性头体长为48.01 mm和42.78 mm。根据形态特征比较发现,该种群的标本皮肤光滑,背部呈橄榄绿色,有不规则的深绿色斑纹,指端平切且具两排小乳突,雄性胸部有小柠檬黄色斑点,雄性全蹼,雌性为1/3蹼,与采集自弄岗国家级自然保护区的弄岗狭口蛙(K. nonggangensis)地模标本(海拔186 m)的形态鉴定特征基本一致,仅体色和体型大小稍有差异。基于16S rRNA基因片段进行系统发育分析表明,这些标本与弄岗狭口蛙模式产地标本聚在一起,共享同一单倍型。可以确定所采集的3号标本均为弄岗狭口蛙,为云南省两栖纲分布新记录物种。新发现的种群分布于中高海拔处,较地模标本的低海拔分布记录有较大的拓展。该物种的发现说明,云南东南部与广西西南部的喀斯特地区具有相似的物种组成,对该区域将来的生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

滇绒鼠在四川的分类与分布厘定

2019至2023年,在四川省珙县（104°50′05″E,27°54′27″N,海拔1 331 m）和叙永县（105°32′05″E,28°13′51″N,海拔1370m）分别采集到2号和4号绒鼠类成体标本。这些标本个体较小,尾长约为体长的41%,形态鉴定属于滇绒鼠（Eothenomys eleusis）。对所采标本的Cyt b基因进行PCR扩增和测序,并结合从GenBank下载的绒鼠属物种序列构建贝叶斯基因树,结果显示：所采标本与滇绒鼠指名亚种（E. e. eleusis）聚为一个支系（贝叶斯后验概率为1.0）,遗传距离为0.8%,与滇绒鼠aurora亚种（E.e.aurora）的遗传距离为2.5%。根据标本形态、头骨特征,结合分子生物学证据,确定所采6号标本为滇绒鼠,是该物种在四川省的首次确认分布记录。标本现存于四川省林业科学研究院动物标本馆（编号分别为SAF19843、SAF19844、SAF220125、SAF220131、SAF23176和SAF23177）。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.