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2011年夏秋季,在上海市全境83个河道断面开展了河道底栖动物采样,共获取底栖动物20个分类单位(种)。9个极严重污染断面未采集到活体生物,生境基本丧失。其余74个有活体生物断面,采用三种常用生物指数:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Hilsenhoff耐污指数、Goodnight修正指数分别进行计算及评价。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数判别为25个严重污染和49个重污染断面;Hilsenhoff耐污指数划分38个重污染、5个中污染和31个轻污染断面;Goodnight修正指数划分33个重污染、2个中污染和39个轻污染断面。与典型河道断面的水质理化指标监测值进行对照,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数对河道水质评价的准确度较低,Hilsenhoff生物指数和Goodnight修正指数的水质评价效率及准确度均较高,断面污染等级与水质理化指标基本对应。 相似文献
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本文介绍了新西兰常用的大型无脊椎动物群落指数(MCI)和大型无脊椎动物群落数量指数(QMCI)的原理及使用方法,并利用MCI和QMCI对新西兰惠灵顿地区40条河流53个监测点进行评价.结果表明:MCI和QMCI均与河流营养指标呈极显著相关关系,可用来监测和评价水体的营养污染状况;二者快速准确地监测出惠灵顿地区河流水质总体良好,但部分河流污染严重,并分析了污染的原因.MCI与QMCI存在极显著相关关系,但MCI与营养指标间的相关关系大于QMCI,可以准确地反映出水体中营养元素的富集状况. 相似文献
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于2007~2008年平水期(4~5月份)、丰水期(7~8月份)和枯水期(11月份),对怒江云南段干流大型底栖动物群落结构进行了调查研究,并利用生物指数对怒江云南段水质进行了评价。共采集到大型底栖动物12目34科47种,其中水生昆虫种类最多,达31种,属7目25科,占总数的66%。3个时期(平水期、丰水期和枯水期)大型底栖动物的平均密度以平水期最高(93.73ind./m2),平均生物量以丰水期最高(1093.70mg/m2);Shannon指数、Margalef指数、Pielou均匀度指数大小依次顺序为枯水期>平水期>丰水期;水质评价表明怒江云南段上、下游水质状况一般,而中游河段略有污染。研究结果也表明BPI生物指数不适合用于怒江这类大型底栖动物种类匮乏的冷、急流水体水质评价。 相似文献
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湿地生态健康评价对于掌握湿地的健康状况、理解人类活动干扰对其影响及实施生态预警等有重要意义。鄱阳湖对于维持其流域甚至长江中下游的生态平衡十分重要,目前尚未建立起其较完善的生态健康评价指标体系。大型底栖无脊椎动物完整性指数(benthic macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity, B-IBI)是广泛应用的湿地生态健康评价方法。基于30个采样点(7个参照点,23个受损点)的大型底栖无脊椎动物采样数据,构建鄱阳湖湿地的B-IBI指数,采用自然断点法划分非常健康、健康、一般、差和极差5个健康等级标准,据此评价湿地生态健康状况。研究表明:(1)基于B-IBI指数的鄱阳湖湿地生态健康评价结果为一般;(2)就采样点B-IBI分值而言,呈现出西部健康状况优于东部的格局,其中国家级自然保护区内状况较好,而工业区、城镇、农田及河流入湖口附近状况较差;(3)B-IBI指数与前期构建的景观发展强度指数(LDI)、栖息地环境质量指数(QHEI)以及植被完整性指数(V-IBI)具有显著相关性,表明基于不同指数的评价结果较为一致。本研究构建的B-IBI指数能为鄱阳湖湿地的生态健康评价和监测提供重要方法。 相似文献
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2018年12月-2019年10月对山东省日照市付疃河流域中下游大型底栖动物及相应水环境因子进行分季节的监测,并对底栖动物群落组成、多样性特征及与水质因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明,调查共采集底栖动物42种(环节动物14种、节肢动物20种、软体动物8种),广泛分布物种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus sp.)及摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.);底栖动物总密度呈春季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季;CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis)分析表明环节动物与COD、TP有显著正相关性,各门类与NH3-N相关性差异较大;底栖动物多样性分布特征与河流水源结构有关。采用生物多样性指标、指示物种水质生物学指标进行水质评价,Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数评级偏差,Pielou指数评级偏优,而指示物种水质生物学评价(Goodnight-Whitley指数、相对重要性指数及Wright指数)基本一致,整体平均处于中污染,评价过程仍须考虑河流及物种客观属性特征,得到更具适用性的评价管理方法。 相似文献
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淮北煤矿区塌陷湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2013年对淮北采煤塌陷湖(乾隆湖和临涣湖)大型底栖动物群落结构进行了季节性调查。共采集到大型底栖动物26种, 隶属于3门5纲17科. 乾隆湖和临涣湖年平均密度分别为230.85和215.80 ind./m2, 年平均生物量分别为56.11和36.38 g/m2。两湖大型底栖动物以摇蚊幼虫、霍甫水丝蚓和苏氏尾鳃蚓为优势类群, 底栖动物最高密度均出现在夏季(乾隆湖为 278.0 ind./m2, 临涣湖为288.2 ind./m2); 生物量则主要以软体动物和水生昆虫为主, 夏季和秋季大型底栖动物生物量明显高于春季和冬季。运用Shannon多样性指数(H')、Margalef多样性指数(D)和Biotic Index生物学指数(BI)对乾隆湖和临涣湖进行水质生物评价研究, 结果显示Shannon多样性指数不适宜于该两湖的水质生物评价, BI的评价结果与水质状况基本相符。综合 Margalef多样性指数和BI生物指数评价的结果表明: 乾隆湖和临涣湖春季和冬季处于轻度污染状态, 夏季和秋季处于中度污染状态。 相似文献
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南充西河源于川中丘陵区之西充县境,全长仅70余km,流域面积近1 000km~2,均属农耕区,植被覆盖差,集雨面积小,年径流量偏小且季节变率大。调查河段起自华凤乡华滩 相似文献
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洋山港是世界第一大集装箱港,自2002年开始至2017年共完成四期工程建设,期间港口建设中形成了8 000余米的码头人工岸线,受港区一至四期工程的顺序建设、岛礁连接、围海造地和港口运营的远洋船舶停靠等影响,港口海域生态环境也逐步出现相应变化,导致包括潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物在内的海洋生物群落均受到相应影响.本研究于2021和2022年(第四期工程建设后)在洋山港港区二号码头与港区海域大洋山码头人工潮间带采集了大型底栖无脊椎动物,并对其群落结构与特征进行分析,同时与2009和2010年(第四期工程建设初)的历史调查资料对比,分析了第四期工程建设以来洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落变化.结果显示,洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物种类数量由第四期工程建设前的17种增加至第四期工程建设后的28种,其中软体动物由8种增加至15种,节肢动物由7种增加至9种,腔肠动物增加至3种,环节动物增加至1种;跨海区入侵种东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)消失,而纹藤壶(Amphibalanus amphitrite)重新出现并成为优势种;洋山港人工码头潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落密度最高值由第四期工程建设初的(6 333.30±1 495.49)ind/m2增加至(6 517.33±119.67)ind/m2,生物量最高值由第四期工程建设初的(1 977.04±281.87)g/m2增加至(3 724.69±940.94)g/m2;洋山港人工码头潮间带群落生物多样性指数有所上升而大洋山人工码头下降显著.与洋山港第四期工程建设初相比,洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落种类组成已经发生变化,群落生物多样性指数与丰度-生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析结果均表明,目前洋山港海域生态环境处于中等污染水平.受港区运营影响,码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落仍受到中等程度的干扰,群落结构不稳定. 相似文献
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青龙河底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及其水质评价 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
本文论述了青龙河底栖生物种类、数量、分布和结构等特点及其与环境因子间的关系。应用Beck、Gleason、Shannon、Simpson等生物指数对水质状况进行评价。结果表明青龙河除个别断面受污染外,大部分河段属尚清洁水。 相似文献
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Variability in the ecological quality assessment of reference sites was tested on small headwater streams in Ireland. Although
headwater streams constitute a large portion of the river channel network, they are not routinely monitored for water quality.
Various metrics were used including the Irish Q-value and the newly developed Small Streams Risk Score (SSRS), and metrics
applied elsewhere in the Atlantic biogeographic region in Europe, including the Biological Monitoring Working Party score
(BMWP), the Average Score per Taxon (ASPT), the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa (EPT), the Belgium Biotic Index
(BBI) and the Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFI). The AQEM (version 2.5a) assessment software was used to apply some of these
metrics. The spring and summer datasets are used to test the performance of biotic metrics with respect to season, and the
applicability of their use to assess the ecological quality of wadeable streams. The quality status of most sites assigned
by the various metrics was high using the spring invertebrate data, and an apparent considerable deviation in quality status
occurred when the summer data was applied. Seasonal differences were noted using all the biotic indices and are attributed
to the absence of pollution-sensitive groups in summer. Seasonal variability in the water quality status was particularly
evident in acidic streams draining non-calcareous geologies with peaty soils that had relatively lower numbers of taxa. Some
indices applied reflect a greater seasonal difference in the quality category assigned. The least amount of variability between
seasons was obtained using the ASPT and the SSRS risk assessment system. Results suggest that reference status is reliably
reflected in spring when more pollution-sensitive taxa were present, and that a new ecological quality assessment tool is
required for application in summer when impacts may be most severe. This highly heterogeneous freshwater habitat seems to
have too few taxa present in the summer to reliably determine the ecological quality of the stream using the available indices.
Handling editor: R. Bailey 相似文献
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The Dongjiang River plays an important role in southern China, as a source for irrigation and potable water of Hongkong and the other parts of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The water quality index (WQI) was calculated to assess the spatial and temporal variability and identify the classification of water quality in the river. In order to simplify the procedure and reduce the analytical costs of the water quality evaluation, a modified WQI (defined as WQImin) was introduced based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlations analyses of the water parameters detected in dry and wet seasons during 2011–2012. Compared with the previous index, similar spatial changing trend and classification of the water quality were obtained by WQImin, which was composed of pH, temperature, total suspended solid, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N. The results showed an excellent water quality in the tributary site near the reservoir, a good water quality in the upstream of the river, and medium water quality in the downstream of the river, which suggested that the urban wastewater originated from increasing population size and industry development in the downstream mainly led to the deterioration of water quality along the river. Moreover, WQImin could more adequately reflect the seasonal changes of water quality which was slightly worse in dry season than wet season. Our results also suggest that continuous monitoring should be conducted to prevent pollution from industry and anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
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用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)评价珠江广州河段的水质状况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染. 相似文献
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用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)评价珠江广州河段的水质状况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染. 相似文献
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长江口互花米草生长区大型底栖动物的群落特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2005年对长江口潮滩湿地互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)生长区不同季节大型底栖动物群落特征的研究表明:长江口互花米草生长区的大型底栖动物有21种,其中甲壳纲10种、多毛纲5种、腹足纲5种、辨鳃纲1种.主要种类有拟沼螺(Assiminea sp.)、背蚓虫(Notomastus latericeus)、尖锥拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea largillierli)、中国绿螂(Glauconome chinensis)、钩虾(Gammaridae sp.)等.食性功能群均以碎屑食者和植食者为主.大型底栖动物平均栖息密度为(650.5±719.2)个/m2,标准误主要是由于北湖的拟沼螺密度很大.栖息密度从大到小的顺序为沿河口梯度从内到外分布的北湖边滩、崇明东滩、金山卫边滩.大型底栖动物群落分布不均匀,沿河口梯度变化存在明显的空间差异.栖息密度和物种多样性在夏季最高,冬季最低.大型底栖动物平均生物量为(20.8±6.1)g/m2,季相变化为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.BIO-ENV分析表明沉积物粒径和盐沼高度是大型底栖动物群落特征的主要影响因素.不同研究结果的差异除了时空因素外可能与互花米草的种群动态有关.加强不同时间尺度的研究有助于正确评价互花米草对大型底栖动物的影响. 相似文献
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上海市滩涂夏季底栖硅藻初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
报道了上海市夏季滩涂底栖硅藻的种类组成和生态分布的情况。样品于2005年8月从7个站点中采集,经处理、镜检观察,从中鉴定出硅藻98个分类单位,包括种、变种和变型,分别隶属于2纲7目10科31属。舟形藻属(Navicula)最多,共发现15个分类单位;其次为菱形藻属(Nitzschia),有10个分类单位。其中Cyclotella meneghiniana,Gyrosigma spencerii,Surirella ovata为优势种,Fragilaria capucina,Gyrosigma attenuatum,Naicula acceptata等为常见种,Melosira italica,Coscinodiscus wittianus,Navicula pygmaea等只在个别站点采到。数量分析表明,硅藻总细胞丰度变化为7.0×106-28.5×106 cells m-2,平均为17.39×106cellsm-2,在径流入海口处硅藻数量相对较多,其中淡水种比海生种多,这主要是因为长江口近岸河口水域是多种水系相混合的水体,淡水入海带来较多的淡水种类。 相似文献
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The use of bacterial oxidation as a pretreatment for gold recovery from refractory gold ores and concentrates is well documented. As more details are revealed concerning the operation and economics, it has become apparent that the operating temperature and the associated need for cooling are important in determining the viability of bacterial oxidation technology in some major gold mining regions. A bacterial culture which is suited to the mine environment is essential in order to achieve the best economics for the process. Thiobacillus-based cultures are generally restricted to temperatures less than 40°C and, in some regions, cooling must be provided to maintain the correct temperature range. Water cooling is the most obvious solution but the water available on mine sites in some regions is either very hard or saline and the quantities can be limited. Conventional cooling towers and heat exchangers suffer from scaling and corrosion under these conditions unless water treatment is used. Insufficient water may make cooling impractical and prevent the consideration of bacterial oxidation technology as a process option. Any additional temperature tolerance by a culture will reduce capital and operating costs associated with maintaining the optimum temperature range for the bacterial culture. The salinity of the plant water can also affect the performance of the bacterial culture and, in some cases, may cause a complete loss of activity. It is important that any culture applied in a mine site plant is able to perform the oxidation of the refractory sulphides using the local water, regardless of its salinity or hardness. BacTech (Australia) Pty. Ltd. has applied its moderately thermophilic culture in mine site-based tests for independent clients not associated with this company. The bacterial culture has been openly proven under a wide range of conditions ranging from arid desert to temperate mountain conditions in both summer and winter. The culture has operated up to 55°C without the need for cooling, thus removing the concern of scaling and limited water resources for cooling towers. The pilot plant trials have used saline, hard bore water and better quality dam water. The oxidation performance of the bacterial culture remained unaffected if basic nutrients were adjusted for the local water and gangue minerals. Gold recoveries greater than 90% were achieved after cyanide leaching of the oxidized sulphide flotation concentrate. 相似文献