诱导北五味子腋芽丛生分化培养基的筛选

北五味子[Schisandrachinensis（Turcz．）Baill]为五味子科五味子属的多年生落叶木质藤本植物,分布于我国东北、华北和朝鲜、俄罗斯远东地区的混交林及灌木丛中。其果实和种子为著名中药,茎皮可作调料香料,果汁可作饮料果酒等,国内外需求量一直都很大。但近年来由于森林资源的减少,适合北五味子生长的环境被破坏,其储量急骤下降。组织培养技术能有助于这一问题的解决。     

八角目（Illiciales）植物花被片表皮比较形态

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,观察了八角科（Illiciaceae）八角属（Illicium Linn．）2组11种20个材料、五味子科（Schisandraceae）南五味子属（Kadsura Ksempf．ex Juss．）2亚属2组8种15个材料和五味子属（Schisandra Michx．）2亚属4组6种17个材料的花被片表皮形态特征。首次报道了八角目2个科（八角科和五味子科）3个属（八角属、南五味子属和五味子属）植物花被片表皮细胞的形状、分泌细胞的形状及分布、气孔器的形状及分布、花被片表面的纹饰。通过与八角目2个科3个属植物的叶表皮形态比较,发现花被片表皮气孔器外拱盖均为单层,与叶表皮气孔器外拱盖层数（常绿种类为双层和落叶种类为单层）之间没有相关性,还在五味子科中发现2个新的性状（气孔对和环列型气孔）。通过对两性花、雌花和雄花花被片表皮观察,发现花被片表皮形态与花的性别之间没有相关性。通过对八角属、南五味子属和五味子属花被片表皮比较,发现五味子属与南五味子属相比,其花被片表皮表现出更多的衍生性状;南五味子属与八角属相比,前者花被片表皮具有更多的衍生性状;而南五味子属花被片表皮形态与五味子属的相似性程度较大,支持五味子科包含南五味子属和五味子属、八角科包含八角属的观点。     

不同产地五味子果实中甲素和乙素的差异性

研究五味子果实中的甲素和乙素含量是否存在产地闻差异,分析其影响因素,为中草药生产、加工企业选择五味子果实药效显著、品质优良的产地提供依据。收集了16个产地的五味子果实,采用高效液相色谱仪分别测定五味子甲素、乙素含量。结果表明,五味子甲素、乙素含量在产地间差异显著,二者含量最高的产地分别是最低产地的2．14倍和3．3倍。将各产地的五味子甲素、乙素含量与原产地的地理气候因子进行相关分析表明,甲素含量与主要气候因子中的温度、湿度呈显著正相关关系;乙素与温湿度相关不显著。根据主要药效成分含量,初步选择黑龙江省的苇河、吉林省的柳河为五味子品质优良产地。     

五味子

五味子陈宝铭丑五味子与北五味子、西五味子五味子因产地、商品价值的不同,有北五味子和西五味子之分。分布于辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、河北省的五味子［Ｓｃｈｉｓａｎｄｒａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｔｕｒｃｚ．）Ｂａｉｌｌ．］油性大,果肉厚,味浓质好,商品名称“北五味子...     

构树聚花果及其果实原汁营养成分的研究

对构树聚花果的营养成分进行分析,结果表明,其果实含有丰富的营养物质,氨基酸,糖类,矿质元素等成分,其果实原汁含有丰富的可溶性糖类,蛋白质,氨基酸,维生素等营养成分,此外,种子含有丰富的脂肪油（40．28％）,其脂肪油中人体必需的脂肪酸亚油酸的含量达（85．42）,其聚花果,果实原汁,种子油具有开发利用的价值。     

广东省胡颓子属植物种质资源及果实利用评价

在标本查阅和野外调查的基础上,对广东省胡颓子属（Elaeagnus L．）植物资源现状进行了综合评价,并对产量高且可生产性强的部分种类的果实矿质元素及氨基酸等营养成分的含量进行了分析测定。结果表明,广东产胡颓子属植物11种1变种,其中一些种类的果实中含有丰富的矿质元素;角花胡颓子（E．gonyanthes Benth．）和密花胡颓子（E．cottferta Roxb．）果实的营养价值较高、果实较大、有明显酸味,可作为第3代果品加工的生产资源;生存环境的保护对广东省胡颓子属植物资源的保护极其重要。     

野生中泰南五味子果实的形态及营养成分分析

中泰南五味子( Kadsura ananosma Kerr )为五味子科( Schisandraceae)南五味子属( Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss.)攀缘植物[1]14,其根、藤茎、果实是珍贵的傣药,具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心的作用。对中泰南五味子化学成分的研究结果表明：中泰南五味子体内含有较多的木脂素类和三萜类成分,其中20多个成分为其特有成分,这些成分具有抗氧化、抗HIV病毒等药理活性[2-5]。中泰南五味子果实具有果大、肉多、酸甜可口等特点,还可作为野生水果食用,但目前对中泰南五味子果实的相关研究尚未见报道;相关志书[1]15,[6]234对其果实的基本描述也不完整,甚至空缺。为此,作者对野生中泰南五味子果实的形态特征进行观察,并对其营养成分进行分析,以期完善中泰南五味子果实的基础研究数据,为其深入开发和利用提供依据。     

果实采收前套袋对湖景蜜露桃果实品质的影响

研究了光对湖景蜜露桃果实成熟的影响。用1层、2层和3层橘黄色果袋（透光率分别为27．0％、13．9％和8．2％）为完全花后（DAFB）50d的果实套袋。分别在111、114、117、120DAFB（果实硬熟期）和124DAFB（果实完熟期）测定乙烯、呼吸速率和果实品质。套1层和3层袋的果实乙烯生成速率高于其他处理。111和114DAFB时,未套袋果实呼吸速率最高,其余测定期1层套袋果实最低。完熟期未套袋果实￡值较高,而色角ho值较低。果实硬熟期前未套袋果实硬度高于套袋果实,完熟期则是套3层袋果实较高。完熟期套1层袋果实TSS高于其他果实。套1层袋果实分别在硬熟期和完熟期生成了最高量的内脂类物质和γ-癸内酯。根据以上结果可以认为完全花后50d左右,用一层橘黄色果袋为果实套袋,可以生产具有丰富桃香气的高品质桃果实。适当的光照强度明显增加了桃果实果香型香气物质,尤其是γ-癸内酯的合成。     

南五味子属（五味子科）植物叶表皮形态特征

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,观察了南五味子属（Kadsura Kaempf. ex. Juss.）全属11种,八角属（Illicium Linn.）2种,共108个样品的叶表皮特征。在南五味子属中,叶表皮细胞的形状、叶表皮表面的纹饰、气孔器的形状、气孔极区的形状、表皮毛的有无等性状能用于研究南五味子属种间关系,以及与五味子属（Schisandra Michaux）和八角属之间的关系。在八角目（Illiciales）中发现的一个新分类学性状（叶表皮表面具角质网纹）,支持将南五味子属分为离蕊南五味子亚属（Subg. Cosbaea）和南五味子亚属（Subg. Kadsura）。根据叶表皮形态特征,支持将南五味子亚属分为南五味子组（Sect. Kadsura）和肉蕊组（Sect. Sarcocarpon）,支持R. M. K. Saunders和林祁对某些种的归并处理。根据与五味子属和八角属叶表皮形态特征的比较,认为这3个属的叶表皮形态特征相似,但南五味子属叶表皮形态比五味子属和八角属的叶表皮形态复杂,不支持将五味子科（Schisandraceae）从八角目（Illiciales）中分出而成立五味子目（Schisandrales）的观点。     

五味子的食用药用价值与开发利用

五味子的食用药用价值与开发利用邵则夏（云南省林业科学院,昆明６５０２０４）五味子为五味子科（Ｓｃｈｉｓａｎｄｒａ）。本科二属：南五味子属（Ｋａｄｓｕｒａ）和五味子属（ｓｃｈｉｓａｎｄｒａ）。约５０种,产亚洲东南部和北美南部。我国二属,约３０种,产东北...     

Phylogeny of the Schisandraceae based on cpDNA mat-K and rpL16 intron data

The chloroplast mat-K region and rpL16 intron region were sequenced for 14 species of Schisandraceae, representing both genera Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss. and Schisandra Michx, to discuss the phylogeny of this family. Analyses were performed both in separate and combined sequence data sets (including the rbc-L sequence), with Illicium angustispealum A. C. Smith as the out-group. The results showed that the Schisandraceae are monophyletic. In all the analyses, Schisandra propinqua var. chinensis Oliva and Schisandra plena A. C. Smith were nested within Kadsura, which implies that the genera Kadsura and Schisandra are closely related. They might have originated from a common ancestor, but then evolved via different routes. The result inferred from the combined data showed a greater resolution within Schisandra than those from the two separate data sets. High bootstrap values supported the monophyly of most subgenera according to Law's system (1996). A combination of morphological, anatomical, and chemical analyses indicates that S. chinensis and S. rubriflora may be the primitive taxa in Schisandra.     

五味子科两个种的核型比较研究

本文报道二色五味子和盘柱五味子两种的染色体核型,均为首次报道．结果表明两种的核型公式相同,２ｎ＝２８＝２８ｍ,但根据Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的核型不对称性的分类它们之间存在着明显的差异,二色五味子为１Ａ型;盘柱五味子为１Ｂ型。１Ｂ型是首次在被子植物中发现．也许它显示了原始类群中的一种进化特点。另外染色体相对长度组成表明二色五味子２ｎ＝２８＝１２Ｍ２＋１４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ;盘柱五味子２ｎ＝２８＝２Ｌ＋１２Ｍ２＋１２Ｍ１＋２Ｓ．由此南五味子属的核型较二色五味子进化。     

Comparative morphology of the leaf epidermis in Schisandra (Schisandraceae)

The leaf epidermis of 127 samples representing ten species within Schisandra Michaux. and one species of the related genus, Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss., was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Many characters of the leaf epidermis in Schisandra , such as pattern of epidermal cells, type of stomata, shape of guard cell pairs and cuticular ornamentation, are usually constant within species and thus make good characters for studying the relationship between and within genera. A new character, rim number, of the outer stomatal rim in the genus is introduced. It is shown that double outer stomatal rims occur only in evergreen Schisandra species, whereas a single rim occurs in deciduous species. This character supports the classification of Schisandra into two subgenera based on habit and androecial organs. This classification is also supported by additional morphological and molecular taxonomic characters. Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) Smith A. C. is the most primitive taxon in the related genus Kadsura . The outer stomatal rim of this species also has double rims. Combined with morphological and molecular evidence, this suggests that Schisandra and Kadsura are closely related and may share a recent common ancestor.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 148 , 39–56.     

A phylogenetic analysis of the Schisandraceae based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences

Cladistic analyses were conducted using morphological and ITS sequence data to examine phylogenetic relationships within the Schisandraceae. The most parsimonious trees obtained from the morphological data consistently show a dichotomy, with clades corresponding with the two currently accepted genera, Kadsura and Schisandra . In the ITS trees S. propinqua consistently groups with the Kadsura clade, and the position of S. glabra is uncertain. The trees resulting from the analysis of combined data are polytomous, due to the variable positions of K. scandens, K. coccinea and S. propinqua . The monophyletic status of Kadsura subgen. Kadsura sect. Kadsura and Schisandra subgen. Pleiostema are strongly supported, although the monophyly of other supraspecific taxa is unclear. Further studies are required before an unambiguous phylogeny is achieved for the family.     

国产五味子科五种植物叶片脉序研究

首次报道了国产五味子科５种植物的叶脉特征,对科、属、种的特征作了描述,编排有分种检索表．通过与八角科叶脉的比较,支持建立五味子科与八角科的观点,认为五味子属的系统位置在南五味子属之后,并讨论了八角目的演化趋势     

五味子科几个分类学问题探讨

基于近年来的研究成果,对五味子科的分类地位和系统关系、五味子属和南五味子属之间的关系及其分类系统等问题进行了讨论。五味子科和八角科不仅亲缘关系较近,而且是现存被子植物中最早分化出来的类群,把它们同置于八角目是合理的。五味子科的两个属——五味子属和南五味子属,可能源于同一祖先并沿两条不同演化路线平行演化。目前,关于南五味子属的分类系统的意见比较一致,但对五味子属分类系统的分歧却很大。     

云南黑老虎不同种源氨基酸和其他指标的分析与评价

为探讨黑老虎（Kadsura coccinea ）作为果用食物的营养价值,对采自云南省不同产地的野生黑老虎果实分别测定其果皮和果肉中的维生素 C、可溶性固形物、氨基酸、粗纤维、蛋白质、总糖等含量,并进行比较分析。结果表明：野生黑老虎果实含有丰富的人体必需的氨基酸,4个种源中,以勐海的黑老虎果肉中各人体必需氨基酸总含量最高,为0．256％,其次是屏边种源,为0．106％,景东种源为0．0943％,普文种源氨基酸总含量最少,为0．0274％。黑老虎果实还含丰富的维生素 C、粗纤维、蛋白质、总糖等。不同产地之间或单株之间各营养指标变化范围大,变异系数较高,优良种源或优良单株可选择性较强。果肉的养分灰关联度以勐海种源和第2单株最高,将作为备选优良种源和优良单株。     

五味子科的系统发育:核糖体DNA ITS区序列证据

The Schisandraceae is one of the most important taxa for understanding the origin and evolution of primitive angiosperms due to its basal position in the recent cladograms of the angiosperm based both on several gene sequences and on morphological characters, but phylogenetic relationships within the family are still unresolved. The sequences of nrDNA ITS region of 15 species representing four sections of Schisandra Michx., two sections of Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss. and one outgroup, Illicium fargesii Finet et Gagnep., were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Schisandraceae. Fourteen most parsimonious trees (Length=259, CI=0.934 and RI=0.889) were obtained from the analysis with I．fargesii as the outgroup. In the consensus tree, the genus Schisandra was found to be divided into three clades. Sect. Pleiostema formed a clade together with sect. Maximowiczia, sect. Sphaerostema was weakly supported to be the sister group of a clade comprising S. bicolor var. tuberculata and Kadsura species. In particular, S. bicolor var. tuberculata, a species of sect. Schisandra, was nested within Kadsura. It seems from this result and the morphological characters that Schisandra might not be a monophyletic group. According to the present molecular phylogeny, both elongated hypocarpium and deciduous habit originated independently at least twice in the Schisandraceae, and therefore, the value of the present morphological characters used in the classification of the family Schisandraceae should be reevaluated.     

Micromorphological features of the seed surface of Schisandraceae and their systematic significance

Micromorphological features of the seed surface of the Schisandraceae are reported for the first time. One hundred and seventeen seed samples from 92 populations, representing 24 species, seven varieties and one form of the Schisandraceae, were examined and photographed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Micromorphological features of seed surfaces of the Schisandraceae are little affected by the habitats in which plants grow, and are quite constant within species, therefore they can be used as reliable diagnostic characters to distinguish species. The following taxonomic treatments are not supported by micromorphological features observed: ( 1 ) To reduce Schisandra wilsoniana A. C. Smith to S. henryi Clarke; (2) To reduce S. neglecta A. C. Smith, S. arisanensis Hayata, S. viridis A. C. Smith, S. sphenanthena Rehd. & Wils., S. gracilis A. C. Smith, S. micrantha A. C. Smith and S. lancifolia var. polycarpa Z. He to S. elongata ( Bl. ) Baill.; (3) To reduce S. henryi var. longipes (Merr. & Chun) A. C. Smith, S. tomentella A. C. Smith and S. pubescens var. pubinervis (Rehd. & Wils.)A. C. Smith to S. pubescens Hemsl. & Wils.; (4) To reduce S. rubriflora(Franch.)Rehd. & Wils., S. flaccidiramosa C. R. Sun, S. incarnata Stapf, S. sphaerandra Stapf, S. sphaerandra f. pallida A. C. Smith and S. glaucescens Diels to S. grandiflora ( Wall. ) Hook. f. & Thoms.; (5) To reduce Schisandra wilsoniana to S. bicolor Cheng; (6) To reduce S. lancifolia var. polycarpa to S. neglecta; (7) To raise S. henryi var. longipes to S. longipes(Merr. & Chun)R. M. K. Saunders; (8) To reduce Kadsura polysperma Yang to K. heteroclita(Roxb. )Craib. The relationship between Schisan-dra Michx. and Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss. revealed by the micromorphological features of seed surface is very similar to that revealed by pollen morphology, namely these two genera might have originated from a common ancestor and then evolved along two different routes. However the probability of a more complicated relationship between the two genera than we have known hitherto can not be excluded. The general evolutionary level of Kadsura seems to be higher than that of Schisandra. Therefore, the viewpoint that Kadsura is more primitive than Schisandra is not supported.     

五味子科植物的木脂素类成分及生物活性与国内资源

五味子料(Schisandraceae)是一类重要的药用植物.本文简述从国产的12种五味子植物中分离出近70个木脂素成分,并着重介绍木脂素成分降低谷丙转氨酶的研究结果以及其他主要活性。并对国内五味子科植物的分布和资源利用作了介绍.