共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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植物抗虫基因工程为防治农业害虫提供了一条崭新途径。本文对植物抗虫基因工程近年来所取得的某些研究进展,包括目前已发现和利用的抗虫基因、提高抗虫基因在植物体内表达的方法以及防止或延缓害虫产生抗性的策略等方面进行了综合评述,并对植物抗虫基因工程中有待解决的问题和发展前景提出了自己的看法。 相似文献
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植物来源抗虫基因的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植物抗虫基因工程为农林业生产中的害虫防治提供了新的途径,随着研究的不断深入,已经获得了很多抗虫基因。本文综述了目前源于植物的抗虫基因的种类,归纳了研究较多的抗虫基因的作用机制及其在转基因植物中的应用,提出了植物抗虫基因在虫害防治中面临的问题及相应的解决策略,展望了植物抗虫基因工程研究发展的方向和前景。 相似文献
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抗虫转基因植物的研究进展及前景 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
虫害对农业生产的危害日益严重。目前对害虫的防治主要依赖于化学药物,但化学药物的副作用不容忽视。利用植物基因工程获得抗虫转基因植物是更具前景的途径。目前主要利用的抗虫基因是苏云金杆菌的δ-内毒素基因和植物来源的抗虫基因(如蛋白酶抑制剂基因、淀粉酶抑制剂基因、凝集素基因等),各种抗虫基因在转基因应用中各有其优缺点,如苏云金杆菌δ-内毒素基因是植物中表达水平低。随着抗虫转基因植物在大田中的应用,昆虫的抗 相似文献
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抗虫转基因植物的研究进展及前景 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
谢先芝 《中国生物工程杂志》1999,19(6):47-52
虫害对农业生产的危害日益严重。目前对害虫的防治主要依赖于化学药物,但化学药物的副作用不容忽视。利用植物基因工程获得抗虫转基因植物是更具前景的途径。目前主要利用的抗虫基因是苏云金杆菌的δ-内毒素基因和植物来源的抗虫基因(如蛋白酶抑制剂基因、淀粉酶抑制剂基因、凝集素基因等),各种抗虫基因在转基因应用中各有其优缺点,如苏云金杆菌δ-内毒素基因在植物中表达水平低。随着抗虫转基因植物在大田中的应用,昆虫的抗性或适应性问题也随之产生,这将是转基因植物发展道路上又一挑战。 相似文献
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植物抗早基因工程研究进展 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:22
从植物抗虫基因工程的研究历史出发,论述了第一代抗虫基因、第二代抗虫基因,重点介绍了B.t.杀虫晶体蛋白基因、胆固醇氧化酶基因和营养杀虫蛋白基因,并对植物抗虫基因工程中所遇到的问题和解决办法进行了探讨。 相似文献
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水稻抗虫基因工程研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
近年来,随着植物基因工程的发展,水稻抗虫转化研究工作进展迅速,一批极具应用潜力的抗虫品系初露端倪。综述了目前国内外水稻抗虫基因工程取得的进展。结合植物抗虫基因工程的研究成果,对目前水稻抗虫基因工程中存在的一些问题提出了相关的对策,其中主要讨论提高外源基因表达效率的途径。 相似文献
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转抗虫基因植物对蜜蜂的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
苏云金杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis,Bt)毒蛋白基因、蛋白酶抑制剂基因是广泛用于植物抗虫基因工程的两大类基因。Bt毒蛋白对蜜蜂没有明显毒害作用 ,但对草蛉、瓢虫等有益昆虫的繁殖、发育具有不良影响 ,而且在花粉中表达 ,因此转Bt基因植物对蜜蜂的影响有待于进一步研究。蛋白酶抑制剂浓度高时 ,对蜜蜂具有明显的毒害作用。随着基因工程技术的发展 ,蛋白酶抑制剂基因表达水平的提高 ,转基因植物必将对蜜蜂产生一些不良影响。蜜蜂仅取食植物的花蜜和花粉 ,可以采用不同的启动子 ,使抗虫基因只在害虫取食部位表达 ,而在花蜜和花粉中不表达 ,以确保既能抗虫 ,又对蜜蜂安全 相似文献
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作物抗虫基因工程及其安全性 总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19
利用基因工程培育抗虫新品种是农作物害虫防治的有效途径。本综述了来自细菌的Bt基因及来源于植物的蛋白酶抑制剂基因、凝聚素基因、α-淀粉酶抑制剂基因等转基因植物的防治效果,探讨了它们的安全性,并指出了理想杀虫剂应具备的基本特征。 相似文献
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抗病原菌植物基因工程进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物病原菌给农林生产带来巨大的损失,植物基因工程在培育抗病原菌植物方面是传统育种技术的补充和发展,短短几年,在抗细菌和抗真菌植物基因工程方面出现了一些全新的成功策略,这些范例都是针对病原菌的生理结构、致病机理及与植物的相互关系。本文概括论述了这些策略的基本思路并对其局限性加以探讨。随着植物病理学、植物分子生物学和病原菌分子生物学的研究进展,新的抗性策略将会出现。 相似文献
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Exploiting natural variation to identify insect-resistance genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Genetic engineering of crops as potential source of genetic hazard in the human diet. 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
The benefits of genetic engineering of crop plants to improve the reliability and quality of the world food supply have been contrasted with public concerns raised about the food safety of the resulting products. Debates have concentrated on the possible unforeseen risks associated with the accumulation of new metabolites in crop plants that may contribute to toxins, allergens and genetic hazards in the human diet. This review examines the various molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which new hazards may appear in foods as a direct consequence of genetic engineering in crop plants. Such hazards may arise from the expression products of the inserted genes, secondary or pleiotropic effects of transgene expression, and random insertional mutagenic effects resulting from transgene integration into plant genomes. However, when traditional plant breeding is evaluated in the same context, these mechanisms are no different from those that have been widely accepted from the past use of new cultivars in agriculture. The risks associated with the introduction of new genes via genetic engineering must be considered alongside the common breeding practice of introgressing large fragments of chromatin from related wild species into crop cultivars. The large proportion of such introgressed DNA involves genes of unknown function linked to the trait of interest such as pest or disease resistance. In this context, the potential risks of introducing new food hazards from the applications of genetic engineering are no different from the risks that might be anticipated from genetic manipulation of crops via traditional breeding. In many respects, the precise manner in which genetic engineering can control the nature and expression of the transferred DNA offers greater confidence for producing the desired outcome compared with traditional breeding. 相似文献
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抗虫植物基因工程研究进展 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
虫害是造成农业减产的主要原因之一。据不完全统计,全世界每年因虫害引起的作物减产达总产量的15%,损失高达数千亿美元。在我国,因虫害水稻减产在lO%以上;小麦减产近20%;棉花减产在 相似文献
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To engineer plants with increased and durable disease resistance using transgenic technologies we must address two questions. First, what gene or genes do we want to express to improve disease resistance, and second, how are we going to express these genes so that crop yields are actually increased? Emerging technologies are providing us with a plethora of candidate genes that might lead to enhanced crop protection through genetic engineering. These genes can come from plants, from pathogens or from other organisms and several strategies for their manipulation show promise. Here, we discuss recent advances and consider future perspectives for producing plants with durable disease resistance. 相似文献
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镰刀菌是植物的重要病原真菌,其入侵植物体可引起镰刀菌病害,给农作物和其它植物的生产带来极大的危害。植物是抗性基因的重要来源之一,随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,大量的镰刀菌相关抗性基因和抗性候选基因从不同的植物中被分离和鉴定,并应用于抗镰刀菌基因工程育种。对植物来源的镰刀菌抗性基因的种类及其作用机理、抗病候选基因、拟南芥-镰刀菌互作机制及基因调控进行了概述。 相似文献
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Pathogenesis-related proteins and their genes in cereals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Muthukrishnan S. Liang George H. Trick Harold N. Gill Bikram S. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,64(2-3):93-114
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) are induced in plants in response to attack by microbial or insect pests. They have been classified into several groups (PR-1 through PR-14 at present) based on their amino acid sequences and biochemical functions. Many of these proteins that have been purified from infected plants or seed extracts possess antifungal or insecticidal activity. Genes and cDNA clones for all classes of PR-proteins have been isolated from a variety of cereals. Some of these genes/cDNAs have been used to transform cereals. This review presents a summary of the PR-proteins and their genes characterized from rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and maize. Efforts to improve disease or insect resistance of these cereal plants by genetic engineering using genes for PR-proteins also are discussed. In many cases, the expression of the PR-proteins either singly or in combination appears to improve resistance to fungi or insects. In addition, chromosomal location of the PR-protein genes indicates that members of the same family of PR-protein genes or sometimes even several families of PR-protein genes often are clustered in the cereal genome, suggesting coordinate regulation. Some of these PR-protein genes map closely to quantitative traits loci. Some concerns regarding the use of genes encoding PR-proteins for genetic modification of cereals also are addressed. 相似文献