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1.
侯丙凯  陈正华 《植物学报》2000,17(5):385-393
植物抗虫基因工程为防治农业害虫提供了一条崭新途径。本文对植物抗虫基因工程近年来所取得的某些研究进展,包括目前已发现和利用的抗虫基因、提高抗虫基因在植物体内表达的方法以及防止或延缓害虫产生抗性的策略等方面进行了综合评述,并对植物抗虫基因工程中有待解决的问题和发展前景提出了自己的看法。  相似文献   

2.
植物抗虫基因工程研究进展   总被引:53,自引:0,他引:53  
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3.
植物抗虫基因工程研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植物抗虫基因工程研究进展周兆斓,朱祯(中国科学院遗传研究所,北京100101)在世界范围内,虫害造成的损失约占农作物总收获量的13%,每年大约损失数千亿美元。目前,广泛使用化学杀虫剂控制虫害,由于化学杀虫剂的作用方式是非特异的,因此在施放杀虫剂时不但杀死了害虫,同时也杀死了有益昆虫及害虫的天敌,造成生态平衡的破坏;化学杀虫剂对人、畜也有严重危害,其在自然界中的残留以及在食物链中的积累已造成了严重的环境污染;另外,由于长期使用农药,害虫已逐步对其产生抗性,目前已经出现了几百种对杀虫剂有耐受性的害虫,有些甚至到了无药可治的程度。据有关部门反应,我国棉花的主要害虫-棉铃虫对农药的耐受性有逐年提高的趋势,常规使用剂量已不能有效地控制其危害。  相似文献   

4.
棉花抗虫基因工程研究进展   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
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5.
Bt毒蛋白基因与植物抗虫基因工程   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
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6.
植物凝集素与抗虫基因工程   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34  
植物凝集素是一类结合特异糖类的蛋白质,在农业,医学等领域要有应用前景。本文概述了植物凝集素的定义,分类,作为抗性蛋白质的证据,以及其杀虫机理,并对几个较为重要的植物凝集素及其对同翅目害虫防治方面作一阐述。  相似文献   

7.
植物来源抗虫基因的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
作为植物抗虫基因工程研究中的重要组成部分,植物来源的抗虫物质及其在基因工程中的应用日益受到人们的重视。本文就植物来源的蛋白酶抑制剂、凝集素、淀粉酶抑制剂等抗虫物质的定义、分类、作用机理,及其在植物抗虫基因工程中的应用进行了论述,并对面临的问题及应用前景提出了个人的看法。  相似文献   

8.
植物来源抗虫基因的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
植物抗虫基因工程为农林业生产中的害虫防治提供了新的途径,随着研究的不断深入,已经获得了很多抗虫基因。本文综述了目前源于植物的抗虫基因的种类,归纳了研究较多的抗虫基因的作用机制及其在转基因植物中的应用,提出了植物抗虫基因在虫害防治中面临的问题及相应的解决策略,展望了植物抗虫基因工程研究发展的方向和前景。  相似文献   

9.
植物抗虫转基因工程研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
较系统地介绍了植物抗虫基因的来源及遗传转化方法,提出了抗虫基因工程潜在的问题及解决途径,并对抗虫转基因植物的前景作了展望.  相似文献   

10.
抗虫转基因植物的研究进展及前景   总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45  
虫害对农业生产的危害日益严重。目前对害虫的防治主要依赖于化学药物,但化学药物的副作用不容忽视。利用植物基因工程获得抗虫转基因植物是更具前景的途径。目前主要利用的抗虫基因是苏云金杆菌的δ-内毒素基因和植物来源的抗虫基因(如蛋白酶抑制剂基因、淀粉酶抑制剂基因、凝集素基因等),各种抗虫基因在转基因应用中各有其优缺点,如苏云金杆菌δ-内毒素基因是植物中表达水平低。随着抗虫转基因植物在大田中的应用,昆虫的抗  相似文献   

11.
利用转基因技术培育抗病虫水稻进展中的问题与对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,转基因技术在水稻抗病、虫育种的研究得到广泛开展。人们利用转基因手段,已获得一批对病、虫害有一定抗性的水稻植株。并利用这些抗性植株转育得到了一批具有应用潜力的籼、粳稻栽培品系。但要将这些品系真正应用于商品化生产仍有一段距离。针对国内外在这一领域的研究进展作一简单介绍,并就水稻抗虫、抗病分子育种中存在的问题发表一些看法,同时提出解决这些问题的初步思路。  相似文献   

12.
植物抗旱基因工程研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
综述了渗透保护物质生物合成关键酶基因、胚胎后期发生丰富蛋白(Lea)基因或Lea相关基因、编码转录因子的调节基因、抗氧化胁迫相关的酶等植物抗旱基因工程研究进展,并对其研究中存在的问题及今后的应用前景进行了讨论.  相似文献   

13.
昆虫抗菌肽对细菌、真菌、病毒和原虫都具有杀灭作用 ,甚至对肿瘤细胞也具有杀伤作用。昆虫抗菌肽并且有独特的作用机制 ,成为众多表达系统外源导入基因的侯选对象之一 ,综述了昆虫抗菌肽的种类及其在微生物转基因工程和植物转基因工程中的进展。  相似文献   

14.
植物抗病基因工程的研究进展及前景展望   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
近年来,随着植物抗病基因(尤其是抗病毒基因)的分离,植物抗病机制的分子生物学和植物抗病基因工程的研究轰轰烈烈地展开并取得重大突破。本文针对植物抗病基因工程的原理、抗病基因、转化方法等方面的进展进行了综述,并对抗病基因工程的应用前景做了展望。  相似文献   

15.
    
Aphid is one of the most serious, sap‐sucking insect pests which cause significant losses of crop yields. The aim of this study is to investigate whether transgenic plants expressing Zephyranthes candida agglutinin (ZCA) could confer enhanced resistance to aphids. Tobacco was transformed with a plasmid, pCAMBIAZCA, containing the marker genes nptII and gusA and the Zephyranthes candida agglutinin gene (zca) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation. Twenty‐six independent transgenic plants were regenerated. Western blot analysis revealed ZCA expression at various levels in transgenic plants. Insect bioassay tests showed that transgenic plants expressing a high level of ZCA significantly inhibited the growth of the population of peach potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer). This is the first report in which transgenic plants expressing ZCA conferred enhanced resistance to aphids. Our study suggests the zca gene could be a useful candidate for genetic engineering strategies in plants to provide aphid resistance.  相似文献   

16.
The bean pod weevil (Apion godmani Wagner) is a serious insect pest of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Mexico and Central America that is best controlled by host-plant resistance available in Durango or Jalisco genotypes such as J-117. Given unreliable infestation by the insect, the use of marker-assisted selection is desirable. In the present study, we developed a set of nine molecular markers for Apion resistance and mapped them to loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 4 and 6 (linkage groups b01, b08, b07and b11, respectively) based on genetic analysis of an F 5:10 susceptible × resistant recombinant inbred line population (Jamapa × J-117) and two reference mapping populations (DOR364 × G19833 and BAT93 × JaloEEP558) for which chromosome and linkage group designations are known. All the markers were derived from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands that were identified through bulked segregant analysis and cloned for conversion to sequence tagged site (STS) markers. One of the markers was dominant while four detected polymorphism upon digestion with restriction enzymes. The other markers were mapped as RAPD fragments. Phenotypic data for the population was based on the evaluation of percentage seed damage in replicated trials conducted over four seasons in Mexico. In single point regression analysis, individual markers explained from 3.5 to 22.5% of the variance for the resistance trait with the most significant markers overall being F10-500S, U1-1400R, R20-1200S, W9-1300S and Z4-800S, all markers that mapped to chromosome 2 (b01). Two additional significant markers, B1-1400R and W6-800R, were mapped to chromosome 6 (b11) and explained from 4.3 to 10.2% of variance depending on the season. The latter of these markers was a dominant STS marker that may find immediate utility in marker-assisted selection. The association of these two loci with the Agr and Agm genes is discussed as well as the possibility of additional resistance genes on chromosome 4 (b07) and chromosome 3 (b08). These are among the first specific markers developed for tagging insect resistance in common bean and are expected to be useful for evaluating the mechanism of resistance to A. godmani.  相似文献   

17.
植物抗寒冻基因工程研究进展   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
低湿寒害是限制农作物产量和分布的一种全球性的自然灾害。提高农作物的抗寒性具有重要意义。目前随着植物寒害机理、抗寒冻和冷驯化分子机理的深入发展,已研究发现了多种抗寒基因,包括各种抗寒调控基因和各种抗寒功能基因,从而使植物抗寒冻基因工程的研究与应用得以了广泛开展,以期最终有效地提高农作物的抗寒性,增加农业产量。本文综合概述了国内外有关植物抗寒冻基因工程的最新研究方向、进展及成就,并提出了此领域尚存在的一些问题及其前景展望。  相似文献   

18.
    
《遗传学报》2022,49(8):693-703
Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to a serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide. Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective and sustainable approach to control crop diseases. In the last decade, our understanding of plant immunity at both molecular and genomic levels has improved greatly. Combined with advances in biotechnologies, particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing, we can now rapidly identify new resistance genes and engineer disease-resistance crop plants like never before. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant immunity and outline existing and new strategies for disease resistance improvement in crop plants. We also discuss existing challenges in this field and suggest directions for future studies.  相似文献   

19.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray has been achieved. Regeneration-competent callus, obtained from bud explants of greenhouse-grown plants, was co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1RifR(pMP90) harbouring a binary vector with the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and β-glucuronidase (uidA) marker genes. Transient expression of uidA was detected in five out of six genotypes tested. Transgenic callus lines of three genotypes were established on geneticin-containing medium. Plants were recovered from one line (genotype NI 576). This line had been transformed with a binary plasmid which, in addition to the marker genes, contained a genomic fragment encoding the Phaseolus vulgaris arcelin-5a protein. This seed storage protein presumably confers resistance to the insect Zabrotes subfasciatus, a major pest of P. vulgaris. Integration of foreign DNA was confirmed by molecular analysis. The introduced genes segregated as a single locus. Arcelin-5a was produced at high levels in seeds. The possibility of using P. acutifolius as a `bridging' species to introduce transgenes into the economically more important species P. vulgaris is discussed. Received: 20 July 1996 / Accepted: 23 August 1996  相似文献   

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