三种蕨类植物的新命名

本文报道鳞毛蕨属的一个新名称和瘤蕨属的两个新组合名称。     

新疆天山三角草属(禾本科)一新种

天山三角草　新种　图 1ＴｒｉｋｅｒａｉａｔｉａｎｓｈａｎｉｃａＳ .Ｌ .ＬｕｅｔＸ .Ｆ .Ｌｕ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ .1Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎｓｉｇｎｉｓｓｐｉｃｕｌｉｓｓｕｉｓｍａｊｕｓｃｕｌｉｓ (1 2～ 1 4ｍｍｌｏｎｇｉｓ) ,ａｓｐｅｃｉｅｂｕｓｎｏｂｉｓｎｏｔｉｓｂｅｎｅｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔａ.ＤｉｆｆｅｒｔａＴｒｉｋｅｒａｉａｈｏｏｋｅｒｅ (Ｓｔａｐｆ)Ｂｏｒ.ｇｌｕｍｉｓｅｔｌｅｍｍａｔｅ 5 ｎｅｒｖｉｏ ,ａｎｔｈｅｒｉｓｃａ .1 .2ｍｍｌｏｎｇｉｓ,ａｒｉｓｔａｌｅｍｍａｔｉｓｉｎｍｅｄｉｏｇｅｎｉｃｕｌ…     

Vector competence of some Neotropical sandflies for the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis complex

Abstract. To evaluate the vector competence of some Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma-tidae), experimental infections of anthropophilic sandflies from the Colombian Pacific coast were performed, through membrane feeding and xenodiagnosis on hamsters infected with Le.(V.)braziliensis or Le.(V.)panamensis. Wild-caught or F, generation females of Lutzomyia gomezi, Lu.hartmanni, Lu.panamensis and Lu. trapidoi were allowed to feed on hamster lesions and then maintained at 26^oC and >80% r.h. on a sugar-water diet until dissection on the fifth day post-infection (p.i.).
Despite similar infection rates (range 37–44%) in both Lu.gomezi and Lu.trapidoi , infections were heavier (>100 parasites) in the latter species. Infections of Lu.trapidoi with Le.braziliensis ( n = 21) and Le.panamensis (n = 27) showed parasite migration toward the foregut, with promastigote colonization of the stomodeal valve and appearance of infective forms. In contrast, infections of Lu.gomezi with Le. braziliensis (n = 10) and Le.panamensis (n = 5) were light (<50 parasites) and usually restricted to the pylorus. In Lu.hartmanni , only a few promastigotes were found in the pylorus and midgut of 3/8 specimens infected with Le.braziliensis , and no Le.panamensis developed (n = 19). By day 5 p.i., promastigote colonization of the hind- and midgut by Le.panamensis was observed in 2/4 Lu.panamensis but not Le.braziliensis (n = 3).
It was concluded that Lu.trapidoi is a more efficient vector than Lu.gomezi for both Le.braziliensis and Le.panamensis , and that Lu.hartmanni and Lu.panamensis are of minor importance for Leishmania transmission in this endemic area.     

Phlebotomine sandflies associated with a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Abstract. A survey was made of the phlebotomine sandfly fauna of La Guaira, a village with coffee plantations near Cali, Colombia, from which cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis had been reported due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Le. ( V. ) braziliensis. Among six species of sandfly collected on human bait, Lutzomyia youngi was most important in terms of biting nuisance. Lu. columbiana, Lu. lichyi and Lu. scorzai as well as Lu. youngi adults occurred throughout the year. Sandfly man-biting activity occurred throughout the night and was highest within 2 h of sunset. Despite its abundance in nocturnal samples, Lu. youngi was rarely taken in diurnal resting site collections. In contrast, Lu. lichyi was collected on tree-trunks during the day in large numbers and was the only species biting in daylight. The implications of these and other findings for leishmaniasis control measures in La Guaira are considered.     

石竹一新变种

本文发表石竹一新变种:三脉石竹 Dianthus chinensis L. var.trinervis D.Q.Lu。     

Three new species in the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from China

Three new species in Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from Xinjiang, China, are described and illustrated. Polygonum urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare L. in habit, but differs by having flowers densely clustered and spicate in the upper part of branches, stamens 5–6, and two types of achenes (the longer one densely and irregularly granulate on surface). Polygonum tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare in the flowers not forming a raceme in the upper part of branches, the stamens 8, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface, but differs by the leaf blades linear-lanceolate, the midvein and lateral veins conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the upper axils of branches. This species is also similar to P. patulum M. Bieb. in the erect stem, and the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the axils of the upper part of branches, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the leaves in the upper part of branches not becoming smaller gradually, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface. Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze in the erect stem, the 3–6 flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches, the stamens 8, and the slightly smooth achenes, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme. This species is also similar to P. tachengense in habit, but differs in the leaves borne in the upper part of branches becoming smaller gradually and the smooth, slightly shiny achenes. The pollen morphology, leaf epidermal characters and achene micromorphology of the three new species and their relatives were comparatively observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

阔鳞瘤蕨(水龙骨科)配子体形态发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察记录了阔鳞瘤蕨孢子萌发、配子体发育及幼孢子体形成的整个形态发育过程。结果表明:成熟孢子黄色,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观肾形,近极单裂缝,表面具大小不一的球形颗粒。接种后6~8 d孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,形成3~7个细胞的丝状体。原叶体发育为槲蕨型,接种后30 d左右进入片状体阶段,毛状体出现在片状体形成之后,幼原叶体短舌状,成熟原叶体心脏形。精子器在接种后60 d左右开始产生,颈卵器在精子器发生后10 d左右形成,每个原叶体上只能形成一个受精卵。培养基培养的片状体常在基部进行营养繁殖。     

稀土元素对土壤中尿素水解及其水解产物行为的影响

以潮土为供试土壤进行土培试验,研究了农用稀土对同时施加的尿素在土壤中形态转化过程影响,当稀土施用量增至10mg/kg^-1烘干土以上时,土壤中尿素水解后所形成的铵态氮含量显著增加,在不同培养时间内,土壤中源自尿素的硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量随稀土施用量增加呈降低趋势;当施用量增至50mg/kg^-1烘干土时,与对照相比的降低程度达显著水平,施加稀土元素后,土壤有效氮含量明显增加,主要由于土壤铵态氮增加所致,结合土壤pH变化,表明稀土施用量高于10mg.kg^-1烘干土时,可明显延缓尿素在潮土中水解进程并抑制水解产物铵态氮的氧化,利于土训对尿素氮固持。     

贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种［Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var. lanceolata(Feng) Silba］。文中提供4幅参照图片。     

元宝山冷杉群落种内与种间竞争的数量关系

元宝山冷杉 (AbiesyuanbaoshanensisY .J .LuetL .K .Fu)特产广西 ,是种群数量极少的濒危物种。根据调查资料 ,采用Hegyi提出的单木竞争指数模型CI=∑Nj=1 (Dj/Di)·1Lij对元宝山冷杉群落的种间、种内竞争强度进行定量分析。结果表明 :元宝山冷杉种内竞争较之与其伴生树种间的竞争剧烈 ;竞争木对对象木的竞争强度与对象木的胸高直径服从幂函数关系CI=ADB,竞争强度随对象木个体的增大而减小。当元宝山冷杉胸高直径达到 35～ 40cm后 ,竞争强度变化不明显。利用模型预测了元宝山冷杉种内和种间的竞争强度     

中国蓼属(蓼科)三新种

描述了中国新疆蓼科Polygonaceae蓼属萹蓄组Polygonum section Polygonum 3新种。乌鲁木齐萹蓄P. urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在体态上与萹蓄P. aviculare L.很相近, 但花在枝上部叶腋簇生成穗状花序, 雄蕊5–6枚, 瘦果两型, 长果表面密具不规则排列的小点, 易于区别。塔城萹蓄P. tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在枝上部的花不形成总状花序, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面具成行的小点等方面与萹蓄近缘, 其区别在于3–6花仅簇生于枝上部叶腋, 叶片条状披针形, 背面主、侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 约达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉; 又因其茎直立, 花簇生于枝上部叶腋而与展枝萹蓄P. patulum M. Bieb.相近, 其区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 枝上部的叶不渐小, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序, 瘦果表面具成行的小点。石河子萹蓄Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu茎直立, 花3–6朵簇生于枝上部叶腋, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽, 与帚萹蓄P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze相近, 区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序; 同时在体态上又与塔城萹蓄十分相近, 但其枝上部的叶逐渐变小,瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽,易于区别。对3个新种及其近缘种的花粉形态、叶表皮特征和瘦果微形态进行了光镜和扫描电镜比较观察。     

秀叶苏铁——广西苏铁属一新种

本文发表了一苏铁属新种,即秀叶苏铁,对其特征进行了阐述。     

云南节肢蕨属(水龙骨科)一新种——贯众叶节肢蕨

报道了产于中国云南高黎贡山的水龙骨科Polypodiaceae节肢蕨属Arthromeris一新种——贯众叶节肢蕨A.cyrtomioides S.G Lu＆C.D.Xu。该新种的植标大小与节肢蕨A .lehmanni（Mett.）Ching相似。但叶片的背面密被绒毛,表面被短柔毛,侧生羽片9-16对。该新种在毛被方面与厚毛羽毛节肢蕨A.tomentosa W.M.Chu相似,但羽片边缘无软骨质的膜质边,侧生羽片多达9-16对。     

小径竹密度对雷公鹅耳枥幼苗早期更新的影响

通过去除法控制竹丛密度,人为设置4种竹丛密度梯度[密度1:(3.83±0.53)株/m~2;密度2:(16±1.80)株/m~2;密度3:(39±1.69)株/m~2;密度4:(69±2.15)株/m~2],测定不同密度竹丛下的微环境(包括土壤温度、湿度、电导率、凋落物厚度),研究竹丛密度及微环境对雷公鹅耳枥(Carpinus viminea Wall.)幼苗数量、存活动态、生长情况的影响。结果显示,竹丛密度对环境有显著影响,随着竹丛密度的增加,竹丛盖度、凋落物厚度、土壤温度升高明显;雷公鹅耳枥幼苗萌生量显著减少,4组密度梯度中幼苗数量分布依次排序为:密度1(28.53±3.14)株/m~2密度2(17.36±1.45)株/m~2密度3(12.36±0.93)株/m~2密度4(8.92±0.93)株/m~2,表明随着小径竹密度增加,其对雷公鹅耳枥幼苗萌发的抑制作用越强;小径竹的密集生长可对雷公鹅耳枥幼苗的存活率产生影响,且对幼苗的生长具有一定抑制作用。研究结果表明小径竹密集生长的环境不仅抑制了雷公鹅耳枥新生幼苗的分布和幼苗生长,还对种群的更新以及森林群落的演替产生一定的负面影响。     

AFLP用于构建罗汉果DNA指纹图谱及其幼苗雌雄鉴别

对罗汉果(Siraita grosvenorii(Swingle)C．Jeffrey ex Lu et Z．Y．Zhang)的几个品种进行AFLP标记分析,从中筛选出2个引物组合,其中一个能够用于构建不同品种的指纹图谱,另一个可以结合数量性状分析成功地鉴别罗汉果幼苗的雌雄。建立了一种可用于罗汉果幼苗雌雄鉴别的方法,并可为品种的鉴别提供依据。     

中国篦齿蕨属植物（水龙骨科）一新组合种

根据叶绿体rbcL和rps4-trnS序列及叶脉类型、孢子纹饰特征等证据,栗柄水龙骨Polypodiodes microrhizoma（C.B.Clarke ex Baker）Ching属于篦齿蕨属Metapolypodium Ching的范畴,因此将其组合到篦齿蕨属MetapolypodiumChing之下更合理。文中报道了该新组合种,即栗柄篦齿蕨Metapolypodium microrhizomum（C.B.Clarke ex Baker）S.G.Lu et L.H.Yang。     

Vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-central Venezuela

Abstract. An entomological survey was undertaken from January 1991 to February 1992 in El Ingenio, Miranda State, Venezuela, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis: prevalence of 10.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
A total of 4863 female sandflies (Phlebotominae) of fourteen species were collected in Shannon traps, then dissected and examined for leishmanial infections.
Lutzomyia ovallesi (85.4%) and Lu. gomezl (11.2%) were the predominant anthropophilic species of sandfly. Fifty-one (1.19%) Lu. ovallesi and two(0.47%) Lu. gomezi had natural infection with Leishmania promastigotes. Identification of the parasites was done by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA hybridization. Two isolates from Lu. gomezi and forty-nine from Lu. ovallesi were typed as Leishmania braziliensis and three of the latter reacted with Le. mexicana also. This is the first report of Lu. gomezi with parasites typed as Le. braziliensis.
We concluded that Lu. ovallesi is the primary vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the north-central area of Venezuela and Lu. gomezi should be regarded as an additional vector.     

关于蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种及回折绣线菊的学名订正

支持将蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种提升为种的等级且于宁夏绣线菊同种,但其合法学名应为Spiraea tomentulosa(Yu)Y.Z.Zhao。与此同时,本文发现了真正的蒙古绣线菊的毛枝变种--S. mongolica Maxim.var.pubescens Y.Z.Zhao et T.J.Wang。