Some monogenean parasites of the generaCalceostoma van Beneden, 1852 andDiplectanum Diesing, 1858 fromArgyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1802) (Sciaenidae: Teleostei) in Western Australia

The taxonomy of three species of monogeneans from the gills ofArgyrosomus hololepidotus is detailed.Calceostoma glandulosum is redescribed and compared to previously unpublished morphometric data onC. calceostoma collected from Tunis and the Gulf of Gascogne. Two species of the genusDiplectanum,D. oliveri n. sp. andD. glandulosum n. sp. differ from other closely related diplectanids in a range of morphological characters but most importantly in the different size and morphology of the penis.     

Three new species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the gills of the bala sharkminnow Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Cyprinidae) from Thailand

Three new species of Dactylogyrus are described from the gills of the cyprinid fish Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker) imported from Thailand via the aquarium trade. They are D. coartatus n. sp., D. macrocolpius n. sp. and D. melanopteri n. sp. The double-bar species, D. coartatus n. sp. and D. melanopteri n. sp., are characterised by hooks that are markedly large in relation to the size of the anchors. Clip-like anchors with a sharply recurved, long point are a unique feature of D. coartatus n. sp. The single-bar species, D. macrocolpius n. sp., is characterised by having a copulatory organ composed of a spiral copulum and a medial accessory piece with thorns.     

Paramacrobiotus lachowskae,a new species of Tardigrada from Colombia (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Macrobiotidae)

In this article we describe a new Paramacrobiotus species of the areolatus group by means of integrative taxonomy. Together with the detailed morphological and morphometric data (obtained from light and scanning electron microscopy) we also provide DNA sequences of four universal molecular markers used in tardigrade taxonomy (three nDNA fragments: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2, and one mtDNA fragment: COI). The animals of Paramacrobiotus lachowskae sp. nov. are similar to several species of the areolatus complex and the eggshell ornamentation is similar to that of two species of the richtersi group. Therefore, the new species can be easily distinguished from the areolatus group species by egg morphology (dome-like, wrinkled processes with long flexible spines/filaments covered by fine short hairs) and from species of the richtersi complex by the absence of the microplacoid. Paramacrobiotus lachowskae sp. nov. is the 43rd species reported from Colombia and fifth Paramacrobiotus species from this South American country.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FEDC11D3-DCCF-4699-A704-CE6DEA1CDED4     

Discovery of the Drosophila (Drosophila) robusta species group (Diptera,Drosophilidae) from Southeast Asian tropics,with the descriptions of six new species

Six new species of the Drosophila robusta species group are described from Southeast Asian Islands. Kalimantan and Sunda Islands lie east of Bali, from which Drosophila barobusta sp.nov and D. uncinata sp.nov belong to the lacertosa subgroup, and D. sungaicola sp.nov, D. baliensis sp.nov, D. hitam sp.nov and D. subaquatica sp.nov to the okadai subgroup. The robusta group from Southeast Asian tropics exclusively inhabits streamsides in mountainous highlands with an elevation of more than 600 m from the sea level.     

Six new species of the genus Dicranosepsis Duda (Diptera, Sepsidae) from Vietnam, with a revised key to the species

The flies of the genus Dicranosepsis from Vietnam were investigated and classified taxonomically. Six new species (D. longa sp. nov., D. kurahashii sp. nov., D. monoseta sp. nov., D. sinuosa sp. nov., D. barbata sp. nov., and D. vietnamensis sp. nov.) are described and illustrated. Dicranosepsis is redefined and a revised key to the species is also provided.     

Revision of Sigaloeista Shea & Griffiths, 2010 (Helicarionidae: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) from eastern Australia

ABSTRACT

Sigaloeista Shea & Griffiths, 2010 is a genus of small, litter-dwelling helicarionid snails that occurs in the rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest of northeastern New South Wales and southern Queensland. This group currently comprises three species known only from their shell morphology. We revise the taxonomy of this group using a comparison of key morphological features and mitochondrial genes COI and 16S, and describe four new species: Sigaloeista gracilis n. sp.; S. cavanbah n. sp.; S. dorrigo n. sp.; and S. ramula n. sp. Sigaloeista is unified by shared morphological characters including a small, glossy, discoidal shell of about 4.5 whorls, a body with a pronounced caudal horn and large, leaf-shaped shell lappets, and a reproductive system with a short vagina, absent epiphallic caecum, flagellum with internal cryptae and spermatophore with accessory spines.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5D5D7603-06B2-4662-91BB-343E3BB5C4E8     

Molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy of the genus Rhodymenia (Rhodymeniaceae,Rhodymeniales) from Australia reveals overlooked species diversity

A previously published DNA barcode survey of red macroalgae in Australia revealed significant cryptic and overlooked diversity for the genus Rhodymenia with recognition of R. novahollandica, R. prolificans, R. stenoglossa, R. wilsonis and an additional four uncharacterized genetic species groups. Since that study, increased sampling effort in Australia has warranted reassessment and reinvestigation of the number of genetic species groups attributed to Rhodymenia and their respective taxonomic affiliations. Using molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy employing the DNA barcode (COI-5P), the present study resolved 188 Australian specimens in 12 genetic species groups assignable to the genus Rhodymenia. Four of these groups were attributed to the previously recognized species (above), whereas some collections from Lord Howe Island were attributed to the New Zealand species R. novazelandica, expanding its biogeographic range. The following seven genetic groups were inconsistent with existing species of Rhodymenia and established as novel taxa: R. compressa sp. nov., R. contortuplicata sp. nov., R. gladiata sp. nov., R. insularis sp. nov., R. lociperonica sp. nov., R. norfolkensis sp. nov. and R. womersleyi sp. nov. Although morphological and biogeographic features were adequate for distinguishing some species of Rhodymenia from Australia, DNA sequencing in combination with morphology and biogeography provided the most reliable means of identification.     

A revision of the Afrotropical genus Dhatrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae)

Five previously described species of Dhatrichia Mosely, 1948 are recognized: D. inasa Mosely, 1948 from Yemen; D. bipunctata Statzner, 1977 from Zaire; D. lerabae (Gibon, Guenda & Coulibaly, 1994) comb. n. from Burkina Faso and Ghana; and D. cinyra Wells & Andersen, 1995 and D. divergenta Wells & Andersen, 1995 from Tanzania. A sixth species D. feredougoubae Gibon, 1987 from the Ivory Coast and Ghana is transferred to Microptila Ris, 1897 comb. n. In addition, nine new species are described and illustrated as males: D. ankasaensis sp. n., D. botiensis sp. n., D. hunukani sp. n., D. minuta sp. n., D. paraminuta sp. n. and D. wliensis sp. n. from Ghana, D. anderseni sp. n. from Tanzania, and D. madagascarensis sp. n. and D. giboni sp. n. from Madagascar. Females are associated, described and illustrated for all species, except D. inasa and D. giboni. The larvae and pupae of D. ankasaensis, D. hunukani, D. lerabae, D. minuta and D. wliensis are described and illustrated as the first known immatures of the genus. Keys to known larvae, pupae, males and females are provided. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus revealed four species groups. The most plesiomorphous taxa are West African, followed by East African and Malagasian taxa. A sister group relationship between the Eburneo–Ghanean and the Sudanian biogeographical regions is encountered twice. Among several possible sister taxa, the sister group turned out to be Kumanskiella Harris & Flint, 1992 and Microptila Ris, 1897 in part, combined. Implications for generic classification and biogeography are outlined. A morphometric principal component analysis revealed good separation of the sexes by the number and shape of antennal segments, and by eye size. Other measures are strongly dependent on overall size, and show best separation of females between species and species groups. A functional fit between male inferior appendages and secondary sexual characters in female sternite VIII is demonstrated for all species with associated females.     

Integrative systematics of northern and Arctic nudibranchs of the genus Dendronotus (Mollusca,Gastropoda), with descriptions of three new species

The taxonomy of common northern nudibranch molluscs of the genus Dendronotus in the vast cold regions of Eurasia remains largely unknown. Abundant material collected in many localities from the Barents Sea, via the Arctic region, to the north‐west Pacific was analysed for the first time. An integrated approach combining morphological and ontogenetic data with molecular four‐gene (COI, 16S, H3, and 28S) analysis reveals seven species, including three previously undescribed. Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius, 1774) and Dendronotus dalli Bergh, 1879 were commonly considered as amphiboreal species; however, according to this study they are restricted to the North Atlantic and the North Pacific, respectively. In the north‐west Pacific two new species were discovered, D endronotus kamchaticus sp. nov. and D endronotus kalikal sp. nov. , that are externally similar to D. frondosus, but that show significant distance according to molecular analysis and are considerably different in radular morphology. In the North Atlantic a new species D endronotus niveus sp. nov. , sibling to North Pacific D. dalli, is revealed. The separate status of North Atlantic Dendronotus lacteus (Thompson, 1840) is confirmed, including considerable range extension. The essential similarity of early ontogenetic stages of radular development common for species with disparate adult radular morphology (such as D. frondosus and D. dalli) is shown, and its importance for taxonomy is discussed. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London     

中国贵州长腹寄蝇属三新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

记述采自贵州地区的长腹寄蝇属Dolichocoxys Townsend 3个新种:黄基长腹寄蝇D. flavibasis sp. nov.、黑腹长腹寄蝇D. obscurus sp. nov.和短柄长腹寄蝇D. brevis sp. nov.。文中附所有新种的详细描述、鉴别特征图、近缘关系的讨论及中国长腹寄蝇属分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于贵州省安顺市疾病预防控制中心医学昆虫研究室。     

Doxomysis algoaensis, a new mysid species (Crustacea: Mysidacea) from Algoa Bay (South Africa)

Doxomysis algoaensis sp.nov. is described from Algoa Bay, South Africa where it is common in nearshore marine waters just beyond the breaker line. D. algoaensis sp.nov. is morphologically similar to D. australiensis, but can readily be distinguished by the shape and armature of the telson and the length of the exopod of the fourth male pleopod. The apical cleft is one fifth the telson length in the former species and one third the length in D. australiensis. The telson apex on each side of the cleft is also armed with five and four stout spines in the two species, respectively. In D. australiensis, the exopod of the fourth male pleopod is almost three times the length of the endopod; in D. algoaensis sp.nov., the exopod is only slightly longer than the endopod. Other distinctive features of D. algoaensis sp.nov. include the maxillary palp, which is only slightly broader than long and the greater number of spines on the endopod of the uropod.     

Two new species of Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 from Timor-Leste (Stylommatophora,Camaenidae)

ABSTRACT

By employing comparative morphology and anatomy as well as mitochondrial phylogenetics, we have identified three species of Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 in Timor-Leste. One of these species is identified as L. cf winteriana (Pfeiffer, 1842), a species originally described from Java, but considered widespread throughout the Indonesian archipelago. The two other species are newly described as L. timorensis n. sp. and L. montana n. sp., respectively. Landouria timorensis n. sp. is similar to L. winteriana, but differs by a smaller shell and details of its penial morphology. Landouria montana n. sp. is only found at higher altitudes and is readily distinguishable by its distinctive shell. A mitochondrial phylogeny reveals L. omphalostoma from Yunnan as the sister lineage of all Sunda Islands species. Based on this observation, we maintain the systematic placement of the Sunda Islands species in Landouria despite some minor differences in their genital anatomy. Furthermore, our phylogeny demonstrates that the East Asian genus Aegista Albers, 1850 is the probable sister taxon of Landouria. However, we reject the proposal by Hirano et al. ([2014] Substantial incongruence among the morphology, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny of the land snails Aegista, Landouria, Trishoplita, and Pseudobuliminus (Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) occurring in East Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70, 171–181) to synonymise both genera based on their markedly distinct reproductive anatomy.     

Integrative taxonomy of the Clavus canalicularis species complex (Drilliidae,Conoidea, Gastropoda) with description of four new species

ABSTRACT

The conoidean family Drilliidae Olsson, 1964 is a species-rich lineage of marine gastropods, showing a high degree of diversification in comparison to other families of Conoidea. Despite intensive molecular phylogenetic studies during the last decade that have led to notable rearrangements of conoidean systematics, the genus- and species-level taxonomy of Drilliidae has not thus far been affected and remains entirely based on shell features. In the current study we revisit species delimitation in a morphological cluster of species from the Indo-Pacific referred to as the Clavus canalicularis complex, using an integrative taxonomy approach. The species in the complex possess robust thick-walled shells typically over 15?mm in height with sculpture of prominent rounded nodules located at the whorl’s shoulder, sometimes sharp and squamiform, or producing long spines. We find that in addition to five known species, the complex comprises four new species. These are described as Clavus brianmayi n. sp. (New Caledonia), Clavus davidgilmouri n. sp. (the Philippines), Clavus andreolbrichi n. sp. (Vanuatu and New Ireland) and Clavus kirkhammetti n. sp. (Madagascar). Clavus exasperatus (Reeve, 1843), which was previously considered widely distributed in Indo-Pacific, is shown to be confined to the western Indian Ocean.     

An updated phylogeny of Deprea (Solanaceae) with a new species from Colombia: interspecific relationships,conservation assessment,and a key for Colombian species

Deprea is a neotropical genus that comprises 51 species. Recent work based on molecular data has explored its monophyly and interspecific relationships, but the relationships amongst Deprea species were not entirely elucidated. The inclusion of more accessions and molecular markers in phylogenetic analysis is likely to produce more supported hypotheses. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to perform a combined phylogenetic analysis of Deprea including seven new samples representing six species and one more DNA plastid marker than in previous studies. In that process, a new species of Deprea from Colombia was discovered and is described and illustrated here. Deprea teresitae Deanna & A. Orejuela, sp. nov. is morphologically similar to D. dilloniana and phylogenetically closely related to D. hawkesii and D. harlingiana. This new species is distinguished by the combination of short calyx lobes, non-mucronate anthers, long staminal filaments and corolla lobes, and elongated appressed fruiting calyx around a subglobose green berry. The new phylogenetic results are presented, including discussion on phylogenetic interspecific relationships, taxonomy, geographic distribution, and conservation status from D. teresitae. The synonymy of Deprea sylvarum subsp. novogranatensis under D. glabra is also proposed and an identification key to the 10 Deprea species distributed in Colombia is included.     

Comparative leaf anatomy of wild Manihot Mill. species (Euphorbiaceae) from Chapada Diamantina,Bahia, Brazil

The leaf anatomy of nine species of Manihot Mill. has been studied with the objective of finding anatomical features that contribute to our understanding of the taxonomy of the genus. Leaf samples were collected in the field and from herbarium specimens, and standardized methods were used for both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The following species were studied: M. bellidifolia P. Carvalho & M. Martins, M. brachyandra Pax & K. Hoffm., M. caerulescens Pohl, M. diamantinensis Allem, M. elongata sp. nov. ined., M. jacobinensis Müll. Arg. (I), M. jacobinensis Müll. Arg. (II), M. longiracemosa P. Carvalho & M. Martins, M. maracasensis Ule, M. reniformis Pohl, M. tripartita (Spreng) Müll. Arg. and Manihot sp. Anatomically, the analysis revealed differences that indicate the importance of leaf anatomy in the species‐level taxonomy. Presence of fibers in the bundle sheath, and presence or absence of papillae and fibers in the midrib are diagnostic characters. Although these characteristics were not enough to separate all of the species, or to group them into a section, they did show taxonomic importance at the species level. In addition, morphoanatomical differences and geographical distribution support Manihot sp. as a distinct species.     

New and known species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea,Dactylogyridae) from cyprinid fishes of the River Tigris,Iraq

Four new Dactylogyrus species are described and two redescribed from cyprinids of the River Tigris, Iraq. These are as follows: Dactylogyrus barbioides n. sp. from Barbus grypus; D. orbus n. sp. from Barbus lacerta; D. barbuli n. sp. from Barbus barbulus; D. macrostomi n. sp. from Cyprinion macrostomi; D. pavlovskyi Bychowsky, 1949 from Barbus grypus and Barbus sharpeyi; and D. inutilis Bychowsky, 1949 from Barbus xanthopterus. A phylogenetic and zoogeographical analysis is presented.     

Taxonomic and faunistic studies of the Sepsidae (Diptera) from Vietnam,with descriptions of six new species

A total of 52 species belonging to nine genera of the Sepsidae are reported from Vietnam. Of these, six species (Dicranosepsis splendifica sp. nov., D. trochanteris sp. nov., Mucha rectotibialis sp. nov., Perochaeta exilis sp. nov., Sepsis nigriminima sp. nov. and S. silvicola sp. nov.) are described as new to science. Eighteen species are newly recorded from Vietnam. Toxopoda pseudoviduata Ozerov, 2010 is synonymized with T. cavata Iwasa, 2008. The faunal composition of Vietnamese Sepsidae is divided into six groups based on distributional data and discussed. A key to the species of Vietnamese Sepsidae is also provided.     

Integrative taxonomy reveals the exceptional species diversity of Eudonia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Tibet,China

The genus Eudonia is rarely recorded in Tibet despite having a wide occurrence in the plateau. In the taxonomy of the genus, the morphological characters are insufficient to delimit the closely related congeners due to the subtly interspecific differences and conspicuously intraspecific variability. In this study, the Tibetan species are studied with an integrative approach using molecular data and morphological characters. It is found that the number of Eudonia species in Tibet accounts for about 20% of the total species previously catalogued for the genus in China. Five species are described as new to science: Eudonia galonglaensis Li, sp. nov., E. varians Li, sp. nov., E. triangulata Li, sp. nov., E. angusta Li, sp. nov., and E. bomiensis Li, sp. nov. The potential distribution of Chinese Eudonia is predicted and illustrated using MaxEnt and DIVA-GIS. The results reveal the exceptionally high species diversity of Eudonia in Tibet for the first time, demonstrate that the integrative morphological and molecular approach is highly effective for resolving the difficult-to-distinguish morphologies, and predict the region of China to the south of 35°N and to the east of 95°E as having potentially high Eudonia species diversity.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EA3C5D21-9674-46E4-838D-48D5A098314B     

Integrative taxonomy and conservation of cryptic beetles in the Mediterranean region (Hydrophilidae)

Arribas, P., Andújar, C., Sánchez‐Fernández, D., Abellán, P. & Millán, A. (2012). Integrative taxonomy and conservation of cryptic beetles in the Mediterranean region (Hydrophilidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. Because biodiversity inventory forms the basis for the effective conservation of species and habitats, there is an imperative need to discover and describe new species. A significant part of presently unknown biodiversity is constituted by cryptic species complexes, where traditional taxonomy usually fails due to a lack of clear taxonomic characters in the external structures of specimens. Integrative taxonomy offers a powerful tool to shed light on this part of encrypted biodiversity, combining multiple operational criteria in an evolutionary context in order to delineate species boundaries. The present study used an integrative approach to explore the species boundaries in a water beetle complex (Enochrus falcarius species complex) inhabiting saline streams, a rare and threatened habitat across the Mediterranean region. First, hypotheses about the candidate species on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and biogeographical information were proposed. Second, lineage divergence was evaluated between candidate species using (i) molecular cluster delimitation, (ii) morphometry (both linear body morphometrics and pronotum outlines) and (iii) ecological niche similarity estimates. We found divergence between candidate species on the basis of molecular, biogeographical and niche information, and consequently, four species were delimited within the E. falcarius complex (i.e. Enochrus jesusarribasi sp. n., Enochrus blazquezae sp. n., Enochrus risii sp. n. and Enochrus falcarius), despite the fact that they showed high morphological similarity. Enochrus falcarius, as previously considered, had not been proposed to be of conservational concern, because until now, it had been regarded as a single broadly distributed species in the Mediterranean region. However, the four entities here delimited within this species complex displayed characteristics that categorised them as vulnerable taxa. Hence, these results show how applying integrative taxonomy approaches and rapid vulnerability assessments to lineages from threatened habitats with the potential to comprise cryptic diversity could become a fundamental tool for biodiversity conservation, driving the discovery of cryptic species and consequently the modification of previous, inadequately evaluated vulnerability categorisations.