血清降钙素原、乳酸清除率及危重疾病评分对脓毒症预后的评估价值

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、乳酸清除率及危重疾病评分(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)对脓毒症预后的评估价值。方法:选择2011年2月~2013年2月期间我院收治的脓毒症休克及严重脓毒症患者92例,其中脓毒症休克37例,严重脓毒症者55例;存活60例,死亡32例。对本组患者血清PCT、乳酸清除率及APACHEⅡ进行分析,探讨以上指标对其预后的评定价值。结果:1死亡组血清PCT、APACHEⅡ、乳酸分值均大于存活组,左心射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)及早期乳酸清除率小于存活组,对比具有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05);2脓毒性休克组血清PCT、APACHEⅡ、乳酸分值均大于严重脓毒症组,LVEF及早期乳酸清除率小于严重脓毒症组,对比具有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05);3本组乳酸与APACHEⅡ呈正相关性(P0.01),早期乳酸清除率与APACHEⅡ呈负相关性(P0.01)。结论:PCT、乳酸清除率及APACHEⅡ评分可以作为脓毒血症预后的有效评估指标,通过对PCT、乳酸清除率及APACHEⅡ评分监测以便尽早采取积极的治疗措施,改善预后情况。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗脓毒性休克的临床分析

目的:分析盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗脓毒性休克临床疗效.方法:40例脓毒性休克住院患者随机分为对照组(n=20)和盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗组(PH组,n=20)),对照组予山莨菪碱(654-2)治疗;PH组予盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗.观察患者治疗效果及末梢转暖时间,给药后2h、6h、12h时点患者心率、平均动脉压、瞳孔、动脉血氧饱和度、肠鸣音及血乳酸含量变化.结果:PH组、对照组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05).PH组末梢转暖持续时间明显延长,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05).与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者血乳酸含量下降、动脉氧饱和度明显改善;PH组心率、平均动脉压、瞳孔、肠鸣音变化差异无统计学意义.两组间比较,PH组血乳酸水平下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且两组在2h、6h时点心率、瞳孔、肠鸣音变化比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后,两组的APCACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分较治疗前减少(P<0.05),且PH组评分减少比对照组更明显(P<0.05).结论:盐酸戊乙奎醚可明显改善休克患者微循环,无明显增加心率、抑制肠蠕动副作用,是脓毒性体克患者较理想的血管活性药.     

脓毒症患儿预后的影响因素分析及pSOFA评分、PCIS评分及早期血乳酸测定的预测价值探讨

摘要 目的：分析脓毒症患儿预后的影响因素,并探讨儿科序贯器官衰竭评估（pSOFA）评分、小儿危重病例评分法（PCIS）评分及早期血乳酸（Lac）测定对预后的预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年5月我院儿童医学中心收治的107例脓毒症患儿,根据脓毒症患儿28 d生存情况分为死亡组48例和存活组59例。收集患儿临床资料,对患儿进行pSOFA评分、PCIS评分评价和血Lac检测。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患儿死亡的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析pSOFA评分、PCIS评分和血Lac水平对脓毒症患儿死亡的预测价值。结果：107例脓毒症患儿28 d死亡率为44.86％（48/107）。死亡组脓毒症分级、合并器官损伤≥3个比例、机械通气比例、pSOFA评分、白细胞计数、D-二聚体、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、血Lac水平高于存活组,机械通气时间长于存活组,PCIS评分、血小板计数、白蛋白水平低于存活组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,严重脓毒症、脓毒性休克、合并≥3个器官损伤、机械通气、pSOFA评分增加、D-二聚体升高、血Lac升高为脓毒症患儿死亡的独立危险因素,PCIS评分增加、白蛋白升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,pSOFA评分、PCIS评分和血Lac水平联合预测脓毒症患儿死亡的曲线下面积大于各指标单独预测。结论：脓毒症分级、合并器官损伤、机械通气、D-二聚体、白蛋白、pSOFA评分、PCIS评分、血Lac为脓毒症患儿预后的影响因素,pSOFA评分、PCIS评分和血Lac水平联合预测脓毒症患儿死亡风险的价值较高。     

乳酸和APACHE II 评分在评估老年脓毒症患者预后中的应用

目的:研究乳酸和急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分(APACHE Ⅱ评分)对老年脓毒症患者预后的评估作用。方法:老年脓毒症患者96例,按照入院时血乳酸值分成升高者60例,乳酸正常者36例,比较两组的病死率、休克、机械通气和MODS发生率、APACHE Ⅱ评分的区别;根据APACHE Ⅱ评分(<15、15～24、≥25)分为3组,比较每组患者的病情和预后区别。结果:乳酸升高组老年脓毒症患者的机械通气、休克发生率、MODS发生率、APACHE Ⅱ评分明显大于乳酸正常组(P<0.05),病死率明显上升(28.3%vs 2.7%),(P=0.005);随着APACHE Ⅱ评分增高,患者病情逐渐加重,休克发生率和住院病死率明显升高,(P<0.05),患者乳酸水平也明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:血乳酸和APACHE Ⅱ评分都可以评估老年脓毒症患者病情严重和预后,两者升高提示预后差。     

老年重症肺炎接受机械通气患者血清超敏C反应蛋白与短期预后的关系

目的:探讨老年重症肺炎接受机械通气患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与短期预后的关系。方法:将97例老年重症肺炎接受机械通气治疗的患者按照入院第28h的预后分为死亡组(n=34例)和存活组(n=63例),同时按照肺炎严重指数(PSI)和CURB-65评分将患者分为Ⅳ级组(90~130分)(n=29例)和V级组(130分)(n=68例);CURB-65评分2分组(n=31例)和CURB-65评分3~5分组(n=66例);比较各组患者相关临床指标、入院第1 d、3 d、7 d的血清hs-CRP水平的差异,分析血清hs-CRP水平与近期预后的关系。结果:死亡组与存活组患者在机械通气时间、CURB-65评分、PSI、血清白蛋白(ALB)、降钙素原(PCT)、血乳酸(Lac)方面存在统计学差异(P0.05);死亡组患者入院第1 d、3 d、7 d的血清hs-CRP水平显著高于死亡组(P0.05);PSI中V级组,CURB-65评分3~5分组中入院第1 d、3 d、7 d的血清hs-CRP水平亦高于Ⅳ级组和CURB-65评分2分组。血清hs-CRP水平是患者近期死亡的独立危险因素。入院后第1 d、3 d、7 d的血清hs-CRP水平患者死亡的ROCAUC分别为0.844、0.914、0.772,最佳诊断截点分别为51.76 mg/L、92.56 mg/L及49.38 mg/L。结论:血清hs-CRP水平是老年重症肺炎接受机械通气患者近期死亡的独立危险因素,动态检测血清hs-CRP变化对评估患者预后具有一定的临床意义。     

血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸在急诊创伤性休克患者中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血浆D-二聚体、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血乳酸在急诊创伤性休克患者中的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年2月到2017年9月期间在我院接受治疗的创伤性休克患者186例,根据患者的最终结局分为存活组和死亡组,其中在病情平稳后转出重症监护室的作为存活组(106例),死亡的患者作为死亡组(80例)。比较两组患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,并比较两组患者在入院时、入院后12h、入院后24h的血浆D-二聚体、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血乳酸水平,分析血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果:死亡组的APACHEⅡ评分显著高于存活组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组的D-二聚体、CRP水平均随着时间的推移逐渐升高,血乳酸水平逐渐降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);存活组患者的D-二聚体、CRP、血乳酸水平在各个时间点均低于死亡组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。急诊创伤性休克患者血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(r=0.564、0.676、0.506,P0.05)。结论:血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸水平与急诊创伤性休克患者的APACHEⅡ评分存在相关性,临床上可对其进行检测来评估患者的病情和预后情况。     

乳酸和APACHEⅡ评分在评估老年脓毒症患者预后中的应用

目的：研究乳酸和急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分（APACHE Ⅱ评分）对老年脓毒症患者预后的评估作用。方法：老年脓毒症患者96例,按照入院时血乳酸值分成升高者60例,乳酸正常者36例,比较两组的病死率、休克、机械通气和MODS发生率、APACHE Ⅱ评分的区别;根据APACHE Ⅱ评分（〈15、15～24、≥25）分为3组,比较每组患者的病情和预后区别。结果：乳酸升高组老年脓毒症患者的机械通气、休克发生率、MODS发生率、APACHE Ⅱ评分明显大于乳酸正常组（P〈0.05）,病死率明显上升（28.3%vs 2.7%）,（P=0.005）;随着APACHE Ⅱ评分增高,患者病情逐渐加重,休克发生率和住院病死率明显升高,（P〈0.05）,患者乳酸水平也明显增高（P〈0.05）。结论：血乳酸和APACHE Ⅱ评分都可以评估老年脓毒症患者病情严重和预后,两者升高提示预后差。     

中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差联合中心静脉血氧饱和度指导感染性休克患者液体复苏的应用效果及预后的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差[P（cv-a）CO₂]联合中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO₂）指导感染性休克患者液体复苏的应用效果及预后的危险因素。方法：选取2020年1月-2021年12月我院收治的230例感染性休克患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=115,以ScvO₂为目标指导液体复苏）和观察租[n=115,P（cv-a）CO₂联合ScvO₂指导液体复苏],比较两组复苏前、复苏6 h后的相关监测指标,比较两组住院期间治疗相关指标。此外,根据入院后28 d生存预后将患者分为死亡组和生存组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析感染性休克患者死亡的危险因素。结果：复苏6 h后,两组患者的平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、ScvO₂、心脏指数（CI）较复苏前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患者的血肌酐（Scr）水平、急性生理学与慢性健康状况（APACHEⅡ）评分、序贯器官衰竭（SOFA）评分较复苏前降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;复苏6 h后观察组的6 h平均入液量、乳酸清除率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组ICU入住时间、机械通气时间、住院时间较对照组短（P＜0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,相较于生存组患者,死亡组患者的年龄更大、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分更高、机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间更久、CI、血酸清除率、ScvO₂更低（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分≥30分、SOFA评分≥8分、血乳酸清除率＜30%、ScvO₂＜53%是感染性休克患者死亡的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：P（cv-a）CO₂联合ScvO₂指导感染性休克患者液体复苏效果明显,有利于提高复苏作用和改善患者预后。较高的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分以及较低的血乳酸清除率、ScvO₂是感染性休克患者不良预后的危险因素,临床应针对性干预。     

脓毒症患者血清HMGB1、IGF-1水平变化及与T淋巴细胞亚群、预后的关系研究

目的:探讨脓毒症患者血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平变化及与T淋巴细胞亚群、预后的关系。方法:选取2016年2月～2018年12月期间我院收治的脓毒症患者139例,根据Sepsis 3.0定义,将脓毒症患者分成一般脓毒症组(n=73)及脓毒症休克组(n=66),根据患者进入重症监护室28d后的转归资料,将其分为存活组和死亡组。比较不同预后、不同病情严重程度的脓毒症患者血清IGF-1、HMGB1水平、急性病生理与慢性健康评价系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分以及T淋巴细胞亚群;采用Pearson相关分析血清HMGB1、IGF-1水平与T淋巴细胞亚群、APACHEⅡ评分的关系。结果:一般脓毒症组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于脓毒症休克组,CD8~+低于脓毒症休克组(P0.05)。脓毒症休克组血清HMGB1水平、APACHEⅡ评分均高于一般脓毒症组,血清IGF-1水平则低于一般脓毒症组(P0.05)。存活组CD8~+低于死亡组,CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于死亡组(P0.05)。存活组血清HMGB1水平、APACHEⅡ评分低于死亡组,血清IGF-1水平高于死亡组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,脓毒症患者血清HMGB1水平与CD8~+、APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关,与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+呈负相关(P0.05);血清IGF-1水平与CD8~+、APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关,与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症血清HMGB1、T淋巴细胞亚群、IGF-1均存在异常变化,可用于评估脓毒症患者的病情和预后。     

常规剂量乌司他丁对脓毒性休克患者的疗效观察

目的:评价常规剂量乌司他丁联合早期目标导向治疗对脓毒性休克患者的治疗效果。方法:将符合脓毒性休克诊断的47例患者随机分为两组,对照组24人(早期目标导向治疗)及观察组23人(早期目标导向治疗+乌司他丁20万单位/次,2次/天,连续应用7天)。在治疗过程中观察患者的血流动力学指标,乳酸值变化及血管活性药物的应用情况,同时记录机械通气的时间、ICU住院时间,观察28天患者住院死亡率。结果:47例脓毒性休克患者在治疗后的6、12、24、48、72小时动脉压上升、血乳酸值降低,具有显著差异(P0.05);并且在治疗后的24,48,72小时患者的心率减慢,更加趋于稳定(P0.05)。实验组血管活性药物用量较对照组减少,但无显著差异(P0.05)。在治疗后的第3、5、7天观察组较对照组SOFA评分降低并具有统计学差异(P0.05),APACHE-II评分两组间无显著差异(P0.05)。实验组患者机械通气的时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),两者28天住院死亡率未见明显差别(P0.05)。结论:常规剂量乌司他丁联合早期目标导向治疗可以改善脓毒性休克患者的血流动力学,缩短其在ICU的住院天数,降低机械通气时间。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.