不同剂量甲泼尼龙三联疗法对难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量甲泼尼龙三联疗法对难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响。方法:选取我院在2017年5月到2018年6月期间收治的120例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组均为30例。对照组采用阿奇霉素联合头孢他啶进行治疗,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组在对照组的基础上分别给予1 mg/(kg·d)、2 mg/(kg·d)、5 mg/(kg·d)的甲泼尼龙进行治疗。比较各组患儿的临床疗效、临床症状消失时间及不良反应发生情况,并比较各组患儿治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏子因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平。结果:高剂量组的总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。高剂量组患儿临床各项症状消失时间短于中剂量组、低剂量组和对照组(P0.05),中剂量组和低剂量组患儿临床各项症状消失时间短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组的CD3~+、CD4~+水平高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后高剂量组患儿的ESR、CRP、IL-6水平低于中剂量组、低剂量组和对照组,且中剂量组和低剂量组患儿的ESR、CRP、IL-6水平低于对照组(P0.05)。各组的不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:甲泼尼龙三联疗法治疗难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿疗效确切,可提高患儿免疫功能,且高剂量的甲泼尼龙三联疗法可促进患儿的临床症状改善,更明显地降低炎性因子的水平,安全可靠。     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2017年12月期间我院收治的175例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=87,阿奇霉素治疗)和研究组(n=88,小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗),比较两组患儿临床疗效、临床症状消失时间、肺功能指标[第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC]、炎性因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)],记录两组患儿不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患儿治疗后临床总有效率为94.32%(83/88),高于对照组患儿的80.46%(70/87)(P0.05)。研究组患儿咳嗽、发热、湿啰音、哮鸣音的消失时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的疗效优于单用阿奇霉素,且可有效改善患儿肺功能和炎性因子水平,快速缓解临床症状,促进患儿恢复。     

醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平及免疫功能影响。方法:收集我院收治的老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组予阿奇霉素治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用醒脑静注射液。分别于治疗前、治疗后测定和比较两组血清TNF-α、CRP、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+水平,并对比较两组患者咳嗽、头痛、发热等症状及X线检查肺部阴影消失时间。结果:1治疗后,两组患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平均下降,实验组比对照组下降更明显;CD3~+、CD4~+均上升,CD8~+均下降,实验组较对照组上升及下降均更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2治疗后,实验组咳嗽、头痛、X线肺部阴影等各症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液可显著降低老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平,调节机体细胞免疫功能,显著改善患者的症状及体征。     

蓝芩口服液联合阿奇霉素对支原体肺炎患儿免疫功能、血清β防御素-2、D-二聚体的影响

目的:探究蓝芩口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎患儿的临床疗效及对其免疫功能、血清β防御素-2、D-二聚体水平的影响。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年6月扬州大学附属医院收治的支原体肺炎患儿80例,根据随机数字法将其分为对照组和治疗组。对照组以阿奇霉素常规治疗,治疗组在阿奇霉素常规治疗基础上服用蓝芩口服液。治疗1周后,评价两组患者的临床症状,检测和比较两组免疫功能及血清β防御素-2、D-二聚体水平的变化。结果:治疗后,治疗组总有效率为95%,显著高于对照组(80%,P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后血液中的白细胞计数均显著下降(P 0.05),且治疗组患儿治疗前后白细胞计数下调幅度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后血清CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+、NK细胞水平均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组患儿治疗前后以上指标水平变化幅度均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组与对照组患儿血清β防御素-2水平分别上调至(562.86±45.38)pg/mL及(607.37±47.26)pg/mL,血清D-二聚体浓度分别下调至(83.28±10.46)pg/mL及(125.94±14.83)pg/mL,治疗组以上指标的变化均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:蓝芩口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎患儿的疗效明显优于阿奇霉素常规治疗,且能显著改善患者的免疫功能,降低患儿血清中D-二聚体的水平、升高β防御素-2的水平。     

板蓝根联合阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎血清炎症因子影响

目的:探究板蓝根联合阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10浓度的影响。方法:选择2014年1月-2014年12月在我院接受治疗的患儿80例,均确诊为支原体肺炎,按随机数字表分为实验组和对照组。对照组给予阿奇霉素粉针剂与阿奇霉素治疗。实验组在对照组基础上给予板蓝根提取液治疗。观察并比较两组治疗前后外周血TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8及IL-10水平的变化情况及疗效与不良反应发生率。结果:实验组的临床治疗的总有效率较高(P0.05);治疗后两组促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均明显下降(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平较低(P0.05);治疗后两组患儿血清抗炎因子IL-10水平均下降(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组IL-10较低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组不良反应发生率较低(P0.05)。结论:板蓝根联合阿奇霉素能够明显降低小儿支原体肺炎患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10的浓度,提高治疗效果,对临床有指导意义。     

病毒性心肌炎与支原体肺炎患儿心肌损伤标志物水平的检验意义

目的:探讨病毒性心肌炎与支原体肺炎患者心肌损伤标志物水平检测意义。方法:回顾性分析医院收治的病毒性心肌炎患儿53例和肺炎支原体肺炎患儿49例分别作为病毒性心肌炎组和支原体肺炎组,选取同期体检正常儿童50例作为对照组,分别检测心肌酶指标和心肌蛋白指标。结果:病毒性心肌炎组心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tnl)、肌红蛋白(MYO)显著高于支原体肺炎组、对照组,差异显著(P0.05);支原体肺炎组和对照组组间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。病毒性心肌炎组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)均显著高于支原体肺炎组、对照组,差异显著(P0.05);支原体肺炎组、对照组组间对比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组入院10 d c Tnl、MYO均低于入院第1 d,具有统计学意义(P0.05);病毒性心肌炎组入院第10 d c Tnl、MYO显著高于支原体肺炎组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组入院10 d CK、CK-MB、AST、LDH均低于入院第1 d,具有统计学意义(P0.05);病毒性心肌炎组入院第10 d CK、CK-MB、AST显著高于支原体肺炎组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据ROC曲线分析临床性能,c Tnl、MYO、CK、CK-MB、AST、LDH的临界值分别为0.38μg/L、56.2μg/L、236.58 U/L、32.8 U/L、71.6 U/L、232.8 U/L,灵敏度分别为82.7%、85.4%、84.8%、89.6%、90.2、79.8%。结论:心肌损伤标志物可作为诊断病毒性心肌炎和支原体肺炎的重要指标,应用ROC回归曲线确定各指标的临界值,还可对两种疾病进行鉴别诊断。     

高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作的临床疗效及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2015年6月到2017年6月间收治的支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿100例为研究对象。随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。两组均给予吸氧、抗生素、维持酸碱度、电解质平衡及相应症状等对症治疗,对照组给予生理盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,观察组采用3%高渗盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,比较两组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等症状消失时间及临床疗效;比较两组治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平情况。结果:观察组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等临床症状消失时间显著早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率96.00%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显升高,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);且观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高渗盐水雾化吸入能够显著改善支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿临床症状,提高CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及Th1水平,抑制CD8~+及Th2水平,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

清开灵注射液联合阿奇霉素对支原体肺炎患儿血清T-IgE和ECP水平的影响

目的:探讨清开灵注射液联合阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎患者血清T-IgE和ECP影响。方法:选取我院收治的支原体肺炎患儿50例,随机分为实验组和对照组。两组均予阿奇霉素对症治疗,实验组在此基础上加用清开灵注射液治疗。观察并比较两组患儿治疗前后血常规各指标变化情况以及T-IgE、ECP水平的变化。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后中性粒细胞比例降低,淋巴细胞比例升高,单核细胞比例降低(P0.05),且实验组治疗组中性粒细胞比例较对照组更低,淋巴细胞比例较高,单核细胞比例较低(P0.05)。治疗后3、7、14天,两组患儿的血清T-IgE及ECP水平呈下降趋势,与前一时间点比较,两组患者的T-IgE及ECP水平均较低(P0.05),与对照组比较,实验组同意时间点T-IgE及ECP水平较低(P0.05)。结论:清开灵注射液联合阿奇霉素能够明显降低小儿支原体肺炎患儿血清T-IgE和ECP水平。     

阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的临床研究

目的:探讨阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2012年5月至2013年10月在我院就诊的144例呼吸道肺炎支原体感染患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各72例。对照组加用注射用乳糖酸红霉素静滴治疗,观察组加用阿奇霉素口服治疗。对比两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组的总有效率为94.45%,明显高于对照组的83.33%;观察组患儿各临床症状及体征的消失时间均明显短于对照组;观察组患儿不良反应的总发生率为6.95%,显著低于对照组的16.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于注射用乳糖酸红霉素静滴治疗,阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染疗效更佳,且具有不良反应小,用药安全,患儿的配合度高的优势。     

胸腺肽α-1联合小剂量醋酸泼尼松对高龄重症患者呼吸机肺炎临床疗效及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨胸腺肽α-1联合小剂量醋酸泼尼松对高龄重症患者呼吸机肺炎临床疗效及免疫功能影响。方法:收集我院就诊的64例呼吸机肺炎患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组32例。两组患者入院后均给予相应的基础治疗,对照组患者给予醋酸泼尼松片治疗,实验组患者在对照组的基础上给予胸腺肽治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平,机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、临床疗效以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均升高,CD8~+水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较高,CD8~+水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组患者的机械通气时间以及ICU停留时间较短,临床治疗有效率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胸腺肽α-1联合小剂量激素能够提高高龄重症患者呼吸机肺炎患者的临床疗效和免疫功能。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.