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1.
明确氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)对拟南芥生长的促进作用,为纳米材料应用于农业生产提供理论依据。采用不同浓度GO的1/2 MS培养基点拟南芥种子,测定其主根长、侧根数、根系活力、超氧阴离子自由基的产生、超氧化物歧化酶活性、根系生长相关基因的表达情况。经20-200 μg/mL GO处理后,拟南芥主根长度比对照(不加GO)提高了4.6%-43.0%,在50-200 μg/mL内,与对照相比,差异达显著水平。50 μg/mL处理显著促进了侧根形成,侧根数比对照增加了约27.1%,高于或低于50 μg/mL则不利于侧根的形成。表明50 μg/mL GO对拟南芥的主根长和侧根数均存在促进作用,同时还发现该浓度可以增加拟南芥根尖的分生区和伸长区的长度,而对根尖直径和根冠长度无影响。氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)和四硝基氮蓝四唑(NBT)组织染色法结果表明50 μg/mL GO浓度处理提高了根系活力和超氧化物歧化酶活性及降低了超氧阴离子的产生。基因表达分析显示ADC1和DAR2表达量下调和IQM3表达量上调,从而促进了主根的伸长;ARF7、ARF19、ERFII-1和IQM3表达量上...  相似文献   

2.
为更好的研究生长素类化合物及6-苯甲基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对细胞分裂和细胞伸长的影响,以拟南芥主根为材料,从组织学水平比较了IAA、NAA、2,4-D和6-BA对拟南芥主根分生区和伸长区的抑制效应,发现IAA和NAA效果是相似的,可以通过促进细胞分裂显著增加根分生区长度,但也显著缩短主根仲长区长度,而2,4-D和6-BA则通过抑制细胞分裂来显著缩短根分生区长度,同时也显著缩短根伸长区的长度。  相似文献   

3.
以拟南芥野生型和相关转基因株系为材料,设置0、50、100、200和400μg/mL头孢霉素处理,考察头孢霉素对主根伸长生长、根尖分生组织活性、生长素分布运输以及干细胞活性的影响,探究头孢霉素对拟南芥主根生长发育的毒性作用机制。结果显示:(1)头孢霉素能以浓度依赖的方式抑制拟南芥主根的生长,并抑制分生组织长度和CYCB1;1基因的表达,说明它能抑制根尖分生组织活性。(2)头孢霉素能降低根尖生长素报告基因DR5∷GUS、DR5∷GFP和生长素极性运输蛋白PIN1、PIN2、PIN3、PIN7和AUX1的表达,说明它能抑制根尖生长素的分布和极性运输。(3)头孢霉素能下调根尖静止中心标记系WOX5∷GFP、QC25和QC46的表达,以及SHR和SCR蛋白的表达,说明它能抑制根尖干细胞活性。研究表明,头孢霉素能通过抑制根尖分生组织活性、生长素的分布和极性运输以及干细胞活性,从而调节拟南芥主根的生长发育。  相似文献   

4.
氧化石墨烯(GO)作为一种新型纳米材料已经应用于不同领域,但作为叶面肥在农业领域的应用较少。本研究通过盆栽试验,分析了始花期叶面喷施0(CK)、50(T1)、100(T2)、150(T3)和200 mg·L-1(T4)GO对芸豆植株形态建成和碳氮代谢的影响,以明确叶面喷施GO的生理效应。结果表明:T1~T4处理可不同程度地提高芸豆干物质积累量、光合色素含量和可溶性糖含量,较CK分别显著提高40.7%~43.4%、10.4%~80.7%和6.4%~9.1%,且T3处理影响效果最佳。与CK相比,T3和T4处理下蔗糖磷酸合成酶、酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性分别显著增加25.7%~45.5%、17.4%~28.6%和14.7%~20.1%,T2和T3处理下硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性分别显著增加8.1%~15.2%、11.5%~25.0%和89.7%~93.1%。综上,芸豆始花期叶面喷施适宜浓度的GO可增加光合色素含量,提高植株光合碳、氮代谢水平,进而促进干物质积累,本研究中T3(150 mg·L-1)处理的作用效果最好。  相似文献   

5.
硝态氮(NO3^—)对水稻侧根生长及其氮吸收的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
侧根是植物吸收利用土壤养分的重要器官 ,其生长发育受内部遗传因子和外部环境矿质养分的影响。通过琼脂分层培养发现 :局部供应NO-3 可以诱导水稻 (OryzasativaL .)主根或不定根上侧根的生长。为研究旱种条件下NO-3 对水稻侧根发育及其N吸收的影响 ,设置了 3个蛭石培养实验 :分根处理、全株缺N、全株供N处理。分根处理 (一半根系供应 3mmol/LKNO3,另一半根系供应 3mmol/LKCl)结果表明 :局部供应NO-3 能够促进水稻侧根生长。而在全株处理下 ,N饥饿诱导了侧根的伸长。水稻根系对NO-3 的这两种反应都存在着显著的基因型差异。同时对地上部N浓度、可溶性总糖含量及N含量分析表明 ,这些生理指标在分根处理与全株加N处理中的差异均不显著 ,表明分根处理也能基本满足植株正常生长对N的需求。在分根处理中 ,水稻的N含量与分根处理中供N一侧的平均侧根长度存在显著正相关 ,这表明在养分不均一的介质中 ,侧根长度对水稻N素吸收具有十分重要的作用。而在N素充足的条件下 ,两者之间的相关性并不显著 ,这暗示在养分充足的环境下 ,侧根长度可能并不是决定根系吸收N素的主要因素  相似文献   

6.
以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana(L.)Heynh)为材料,从生理及分子层面研究碳量子点(Carbon quantum dots,CQDs)对拟南芥生物效应的影响。结果显示,CQDs能被拟南芥根部吸收并连续运输到叶片,对种子萌发率无明显影响,但能显著促进幼苗主根伸长和株重的增加。幼苗叶片叶绿体中色素含量随CQDs浓度的升高而显著降低。脯氨酸与丙二醛含量随CQDs浓度的升高呈先上升后下降趋势。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随CQDs浓度的升高呈先上升后下降趋势,在抗氧化酶系统中起主导作用;叶片内源过氧化氢(H2O2)的积累随CQDs浓度的升高而升高,具有显著的浓度依赖效应。与其他纳米材料处理不一样的是,硫同化及胁迫相关基因在CQDs处理后表达量下调,这可能与CQDs粒子本身的特性有关。  相似文献   

7.
侧根是植物吸收利用土壤养分的重要器官,其生长发育受内部遗传因子和外部环境矿质养分的影响.通过琼脂分层培养发现:局部供应NO-3可以诱导水稻( Oryza sativa L.)主根或不定根上侧根的生长.为研究旱种条件下NO-3对水稻侧根发育及其N吸收的影响,设置了3个蛭石培养实验:分根处理、全株缺N、全株供N处理.分根处理(一半根系供应3 mmol/L KNO3,另一半根系供应3 mmol/L KCl)结果表明:局部供应NO-3 能够促进水稻侧根生长.而在全株处理下,N饥饿诱导了侧根的伸长.水稻根系对NO-3的这两种反应都存在着显著的基因型差异.同时对地上部N浓度、可溶性总糖含量及N含量分析表明,这些生理指标在分根处理与全株加N处理中的差异均不显著,表明分根处理也能基本满足植株正常生长对N的需求.在分根处理中,水稻的N含量与分根处理中供N一侧的平均侧根长度存在显著正相关,这表明在养分不均一的介质中,侧根长度对水稻N素吸收具有十分重要的作用.而在N素充足的条件下,两者之间的相关性并不显著,这暗示在养分充足的环境下,侧根长度可能并不是决定根系吸收N素的主要因素.  相似文献   

8.
缺氮和复氮对菘蓝幼苗生长及氮代谢的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
对基质育苗后水培的菘蓝进行缺氮与复氮处理,分析其生长情况及氮代谢产物含量的变化,探讨缺氮和复氮对菘蓝幼苗生长及氮代谢的影响,以提高菘蓝产量和品质以及栽培过程中的氮素利用效率。结果显示:(1)正常供氮条件下,菘蓝幼苗的叶绿素含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、硝态氮含量、靛玉红含量为最高,而其株高、主根直径、根的鲜重与干重、叶的鲜重与干重、根系活力均最小。(2)缺氮处理增加了菘蓝幼苗的主根直径和根干重,提高其根系活力和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,促进游离氨基酸在叶中的积累;但降低了GS的活性,也降低了叶中硝态氮、可溶性蛋白、靛玉红及根中游离氨基酸的含量;缺氮对叶中靛蓝的含量无明显影响。(3)复氮处理增加了菘蓝幼苗的株高、主根长、根鲜重、叶鲜重、叶干重,提高了其根系活力,降低了NR和GS的活性;与对照相比,复氮降低了叶中硝态氮含量,提高了叶中可溶性蛋白、靛蓝及根中游离氨基酸的含量,但对叶中游离氨基酸和靛玉红含量影响较小。研究表明,缺氮后再复氮有利于菘蓝幼苗叶的生长,同时有利于增加其叶内靛蓝含量,从而提高其产量和品质。  相似文献   

9.
氮对藻类生长与污水净化的影响   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
  相似文献   

10.
水溶性纳米量子点在玉米幼根中运输的可视化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在纳米生物学效应研究中,纳米颗粒能否自由进入植物体内是一个亟待考证的关键问题。本文尝试采用一定浓度的水溶性纳米量子点溶液培养玉米幼根,然后徒手切片,用荧光显微镜直接观察发光量子点在根内的运输和分布。结果表明,量子点能够自由进入玉米根且在多种类型的细胞内都有分布;尤其是在导管内也观察到量子点,说明这种纳米材料能够穿透极厚的细胞壁输送到胞内。本文也讨论了该实验设计的优缺点。  相似文献   

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Aluminium (Al) stress is a major limiting factor for worldwide crop production in acid soils. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the TAA1-dependent local auxin biosynthesis in the root-apex transition zone (TZ), the major perception site for Al toxicity, is crucial for the Al-induced root-growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying Al-regulated auxin accumulation in the TZ is not fully understood. In the present study, the role of auxin transport in Al-induced local auxin accumulation in the TZ and root-growth inhibition was investigated. Our results showed that PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins such as PIN1, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 and AUX1/LAX proteins such as AUX1, LAX1 and LAX2 were all ectopically up-regulated in the root-apex TZ in response to Al stress and coordinately regulated local auxin accumulation in the TZ and root-growth inhibition. The ectopic up-regulation of PIN1 in the TZ under Al stress was regulated by both ethylene and auxin, with auxin signalling acting downstream of ethylene. Al-induced PIN1 up-regulation and auxin accumulation in the root-apex TZ was also regulated by the calossin-like protein BIG. Together, our results provide insight into how Al stress induces local auxin accumulation in the TZ and root-growth inhibition through the local regulation of auxin transport.  相似文献   

13.
Differential growth processes in root and shoot growth zones are governed by the transport kinetics of auxin and other plant hormones. While gene expression and protein localization of hormone transport facilitators are currently being unraveled using state-of-the-art techniques of live cell imaging, the quantitative analysis of growth reactions is lagging behind because of a lack of suitable methods. A noninvasive technique, based on digital image sequence processing, for visualizing and quantifying highly resolved spatio-temporal root growth processes was applied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and was adapted to provide precise information on differential curvature production activity within the root growth zone. Comparison of root gravitropic curvature kinetics in wild-type and mutant plants altered in a facilitator for auxin translocation allowed the determination of differences in the location and in the temporal response of curvature along the growth zone between the investigated plant lines. The findings of the quantitative growth analysis performed here confirm the proposed action of the investigated transport facilitator. The procedure developed here for the investigation of differential growth processes is a valuable tool for characterizing the phenomenology of a wide range of shoot and root growth movements and hence facilitates elucidation of their molecular characterization.  相似文献   

14.
    
The plant hormone auxin plays a critical role in root growth and development; however, the contributions or specific roles of cell-type auxin signals in root growth and development are not well understood. Here, we mapped tissue and cell types that are important for auxin-mediated root growth and development by manipulating the local response and synthesis of auxin. Repressing auxin signaling in the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle or stele strongly inhibited root growth, with the largest effect observed in the endodermis. Enhancing auxin signaling in the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle or stele also caused reduced root growth, albeit to a lesser extent. Moreover, we established that root growth was inhibited by enhancement of auxin synthesis in specific cell types of the epidermis, cortex and endodermis, whereas increased auxin synthesis in the pericycle and stele had only minor effects on root growth. Our study thus establishes an association between cellular identity and cell type-specific auxin signaling that guides root growth and development.  相似文献   

15.
    
Directional cell-to-cell movement of auxin is mediated by asymmetrically localized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. The polar localization of PINs has been reported to be modulated by phosphorylation. In this study, the function of the phosphorylation sites of the PIN3 central hydrophilic loop (HL) was characterized. The phosphorylation sites were located in two conserved neighboring motifs, RKSNASRRSF(/L) and TPRPSNL, where the former played a more decisive role than the latter. Mutations of these phosphorylatable residues disrupted in planta phosphorylation of PIN3 and its subcellular trafficking, and caused defects in PIN3-mediated biological processes such as auxin efflux activity, auxin maxima formation, root growth, and root gravitropism. Because the defective intracellular trafficking behaviors of phospho-mutated PIN3 varied according to cell type, phosphorylation codes in PIN3-HL are likely to operate in a cell-type-specific manner.  相似文献   

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生长素是调控植物侧根发育的关键植物激素,生长素运输载体PIN蛋白介导其极性分布。ABI4抑制生长素极性运输蛋白基因PIN1的表达,影响生长素的极性运输,抑制侧根形成。本文概述ABI4转录因子调控侧根发育的研究进展。  相似文献   

18.
    
Phototropism is the process by which plants grow towards light in order to maximize the capture of light for photosynthesis, which is particularly important for germinating seedlings. In Arabidopsis, hypocotyl phototropism is predominantly triggered by blue light (BL), which has a profound effect on the establishment of asymmetric auxin distribution, essential for hypocotyl phototropism. Two auxin efflux transporters ATP‐binding cassette B19 (ABCB19) and PIN‐formed 3 (PIN3) are known to mediate the effect of BL on auxin distribution in the hypocotyl, but the details for how BL triggers PIN3 lateralization remain poorly understood. Here, we report a critical role for clathrin in BL‐triggered, PIN3‐mediated asymmetric auxin distribution in hypocotyl phototropism. We show that unilateral BL induces relocalization of clathrin in the hypocotyl. Loss of clathrin light chain 2 (CLC2) and CLC3 affects endocytosis and lateral distribution of PIN3 thereby impairing BL‐triggered establishment of asymmetric auxin distribution and consequently, phototropic bending. Conversely, auxin efflux inhibitors N‐1‐naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid affect BL‐induced relocalization of clathrin, endocytosis and lateralization of PIN3 as well as asymmetric distribution of auxin. These results together demonstrate an important interplay between auxin and clathrin function that dynamically regulates BL‐triggered hypocotyl phototropism in Arabidopsis.  相似文献   

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In Arabidopsis, phosphate starvation (-Pi)-induced responses of primary root and lateral root growth are documented to be correlated with ambient iron (Fe) status. However, whether and how Fe participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth (RHG) remains unclear. Here, responses of RHG to different Fe concentrations under Pi sufficiency/deficiency were verified. Generally, distinct dosage effects of Fe on RHG appeared at both Pi levels, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Following analyses using auxin mutants and the phr1 mutant revealed that auxin and the central regulator PHR1 are required for Fe-triggered RHG under −Pi. A further proteomic study indicated that processes of vesicle trafficking and auxin synthesis and transport were affected by Fe under −Pi, which were subsequently validated by using a vesicle trafficking inhibitor, brefeldin A, and an auxin reporter, R2D2. Moreover, vesicle trafficking-mediated recycling of PIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, was notably affected by Fe under -Pi. Correspondingly, root hairs of pin2 mutant displayed attenuated responses to Fe under -Pi. Together, we propose that Fe affects auxin signalling probably by modulating vesicle trafficking, chiefly the PIN2 recycling, which might work jointly with PHR1 on modulating -Pi-induced RHG.  相似文献   

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