河南省小鲵科两种动物酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对商城肥鲵和豫南小鲵７种组织的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）同工酶谱系进行研究。结果表明：小鲵科动物ＥＳＴ、ＰＯＤ存在较大的组织特异笥,但没发现性别差异;商城肥鲵与豫南小鲵同一组织对应的有些ＥＳＴ、ＰＯＤ酶带的迁移率不同,同一组织中有些酶带的表达也不同。因而,同要酶的表达与组织功能相一致,其特征性酶带可作为分类和进化的依据。     

激光辐照玉米诱发同工酶及染色体变异的研究

利用ＣＯ２激光辐照玉米种子,分析了酯酶同工酶（ＥＳＴ）和过氧化物酶同工酶（ＰＯＤ）及根尖细胞染色体变异,探讨了苗期损伤与染色体和同工酶变异的关系。结果表明：ＣＯ２激光辐照可诱发ＥＳＴ和ＰＯＤ活性和种类的变化,ＥＳＴ３和ＰＯＤ３随辐照剂量增加活性逐渐减弱以致消失,在根尖细胞中可观察到微核、染色体落后和染色体桥等变异,其畸变率的剂量效应可用Ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｘ来描述。Ｍ１种子发芽率、苗高与同工酶变化大小表现出     

暗纹东方同工酶生化表现型的研究

利用聚丙烯酚胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,对暗纹东方的心、肝、肾,肌、性腺５种不同组织的７种同工酶（ＥＳＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＰＯＤ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＳＤＨ、α－ＡＭＹ）进行了研究,讨论了各同工酶的基因表达谱式,观察到ＥＳＴ同工酶存在着多态现象;ＬＤＨ同工酶有二个基因位点,但只表现３条带,Ａ与Ｂ亚基的结合受阻;ＭＤＨ同工酶存在性别差异,说明决定ＭＤＨ同工酶表达的因素在不同性别中存在差异;ＳＯＤ同工酶有３个基因位点。各同工酶酶谱稳定,有组织特异性,倡ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ同工酶在各组织器官中又表现出较大的一致性,有利于物种的鉴定。α－ＡＭＹ与ＳＤＨ只在个别组织中有活性,可能与特定组织与器官的形态发生与机能分化有关。     

导入外源DNA对小麦基因表达的影响

用（ＳＤＳ）ＰＡＧＥ对外源豌豆ＤＮＡ导入小麦体的不良变异后代种子蛋白质和酯酶同工酶（ＥＳＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化同工酶（ＰＯＤ）进行分析,发现变异小麦的种子蛋白质消减４个组分带,ＥＳＴ和ＰＯＤ消减２条酶谱带,ＳＯＤ的活性明显降低,并且变异小麦植株的发育生长表型呈现出脆弱,早衰迹象,表明导入外源ＤＮＡ抑制了某些基因的表达,同时分析导致这种负作用的原因。     

红豆杉组织培养中SINENXANS高产细胞系Ts19的几种同工酶动态比？…

对从中国红豆杉的茎来源的愈伤组织经筛选而得的ｓｉｎｅｎｘａｎｓ高产细胞系Ｔｓ１９的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯＤ）、淀粉酶（ＡＭＬ）、多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的同工酶,可溶性蛋白的含量及电泳谱带、超氧化物歧化酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）的活性作了比较研究。并与培养过程中ｓｉｎｅｎｘａｎｓ含量的动态变化相比较,探索了这几种同工酶的酶谱和     

中华姬鼠与大林姬鼠的同工酶差异

中华姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｄｒａｃｏ）和大林姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｐｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａｅ）是形态学上十分相似的两种鼠类。为了对两种姬鼠的分类提供生物化学方面的依据,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳方法比较和分析了两种姬鼠的ＬＤＨ同工酶、ＥＳＴ同工酶和ＳＯＤ同工酶的差异。结果表明,两种姬鼠的ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱基本相似,而ＥＳＴ同工酶和ＳＯＤ同工酶酶谱则存在明显的种间差异。根据ＥＳＴ同工酶Ａ２带的有无和ＳＯＤ同工酶主带等电点的差别,能将两种姬鼠很容易区分开来。     

乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究夏立群,王庆堂（同济医科大学组织胚胎学教研室武汉４３００３０）关键词乌鳢,内分泌细胞,免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ方法ＩＭＭＵＮＯＣＹＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＴＨＥＥＮＤＯＣＲＩＮＥＣＥＬＬＳＩＮＴＨＥＧＡＳＴＲＯ...     

栗疫病菌群体的遗传结构

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶是泳方法,从栗疫病菌Ｃｒｙｈｏｎｅｃｔｒｉａ ｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ的１８种酶体系中筛选到９种分辩率高的同工酶。对同工酶的结果表明,在中国的北京、辽宁、江西、福建汲意大利,美国、日本共７个各体的１１５个栗疫病菌菌株中,多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＣＯ）、乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）单态性;α－酯酶（α－ＥＳＴ）β－酯酶（β－ＥＳＴ     

红豆杉组织培养中SINENXANS高产细胞系Ts19的几种同工酶动态比较研究

对从中国红豆杉的茎来源的愈伤组织经筛选而得的ｓｉｎｅｎｘａｎｓ高产细胞系Ｔｓ１９的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯＤ）、淀粉酶（ＡＭＬ）、多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的同工酶,可溶性蛋白的含量及电泳谱带、超氧化物歧化酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）的活性作了比较研究。并与培养过程中ｓｉｎｅｎｘａｎｓ含量的动态变化相比较,探索了这几种同工酶的酶谱和两种酶活性与ｓｉｎｅｎｘａｎｓ的生物合成的关系。旨在为建立紫杉醇生物合成的中间代谢模型奠定基础。     

十字花科上的链格孢属真菌同工酶凝胶电泳分析

本文报道对从国内外收集到的生于十字花科植物上的３种链格孢属真菌２１个菌株进行的１０种同工酶的聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果,这１０种酶分别是：酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）、近氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ）、甘露醇脱氢酶（ＭＡＤＨ）、乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）、黄嘌呤脱氢酶（ＸＤＨ）、过氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）。对同工酶酶谱资料的聚类分析,在较高的相     

贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层的再研究

本文详细描述了贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)剖面的生物地层和年代地层,其牙形刺序列自上而下可详细划分为：Streptognathodus isolatus, S. wabaunsensis, S. tenuialveus, S. firmus, Idiognathodus nashuiensis , Streptognathodus simulator, S. guizhouensis , S. gracilis-S, excelsus , S. cancellosus , S. clavatulus , S. nodocarinatus , Idiognathodus podolskensis , Mesogondolella clarki -Idiognathodus robustus , Diplognathodus ophanus-D, ellesmerensis, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Streptognathodus expansus, Idiognathoides sulcatus parva, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus, Neognathodus symmetricus, Idiognathoides corrugatus-I, pacificus, I. sinuatus, I. sulcatus sulcatus, Declinognathodus noduli ferus 和 Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis 等带。 Declinognathodus noduliferus 和 Streptognathodus isolatus 的首次出现分别代表上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)和二叠系的开始。根据牙形刺和有孔虫的序列,罗甸纳水剖面的上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层自下而上可划分为罗苏阶(Luosuan)、滑石板阶(Huashibanian)、达拉阶(Dalaan)和马平阶(Mapingian),并可与俄罗斯的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)、莫斯科阶(Moscovian)、卡西莫夫阶(Kasimovian)和格舍尔阶(Gzhelian),北美的莫罗阶(Morrowan)、阿托克阶(Atokan)、得梅因阶(Desmoinesian)、密苏里阶(Missourian)和弗吉尔阶(Virgilian)进行对比。另外,本文也详细讨论了剖面中的石炭系中间界线及石炭-二叠系界线。     

Taxonomic notes on water bloom forming Microcystis species (Cyanophyta) from China—An example from samples of the Dianchi Lake

Ten common species of Microcystis, based on the examination of water samples from the Dianchi Lake, Yunnan, China, were morphologically described, and their taxonomy was also discussed. They are Microcystis aeruginosa, M. botrys, M. firma, M. flos-aquae, M. ichthyoblabe, M. novacekii, M. pseudofilamentosa, M. smithii, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii. Taxonomic status of other Microcystis species reported in China was also evaluated. Key words Cyanophyta, Microcystis, morphology, taxonomy, China.     

中国靴耳属分类研究概况

对已报道的我国Crepidotus属种类进行了全面汇总,并概述了其分类研究现状。文献调查结果表明:国内已报道的该属种类名称共31个,包括30个种和1个变种,分布于全国26个省区。已报道的全部记录中,28个分类单元引证了标本,其余3个记录缺乏标本引证;7个记录的描述与国外权威描述存在差异,另有4个记录的报道未提供形态描述。淡紫靴耳不是Crepidotus属的成员,已被组合到其他属中。笔者接受"靴耳属"为Crepidotus属的汉语学名,并以此为属主名对属下的分类单元进行了全面修订。     

Notulae de Ranunculaceis sinensibus (ⅩⅩⅢ)

(1) In this paper, differences among the five genera constituting the tribe Cimi cifugeae of the family Ranunculaceae are discussed. Beesia, the first genus, with compound cymes and flowers bearing neither petals nor staminodes, is different from the other four genera with simple or compound racemes and flowers bearing either petals or staminodes, and may occupy a primitive position within the tribe. As to the other four genera, Souliea is characterized by the stem without basal leaf but with 2～5 sheath-like cataphylls, the sepals being deciduous but not caducous, moderate in size and petaloid, the petals being much smaller than sepals, but pink in color and more or less petaloid, the pollen grains being pan tocolpate or pantoporate, the carpels being 1～3 per flower, when mature forming dry linear follicles conspicuously reticulate on the surface and dehiscent along the ventral suture, and the seeds being reticulate-foveolate on the surface. These diagnostic characters indicate clear ly that Souliea might have deviated from the lineage formed by the next three genera, i. e. Anemopsis, Cimicifuga, and Actaea, which have their own well-recognizable diagnostic characters. Anemopsis is characterized by the normally developed basal leaf, the racemose inflorescence with sparse and few long pedicellate flowers, the sepals 7～10 in number, mod erate in size, and petaloid, the petals slightly smaller than sepals, the tricolpate pollen grains, the carpels 2～4 per flower, stalked, when mature forming dry oblong follicles with transverse veins on the surface, and the seeds with scaly membranous wings. Cimicifuga is distinguished by the normally developed basal leaf, the caducous, small, often sepaloid sepa ls, the organs of the second floral whorl sometimes with empty sterile anthers being stamin odes not petals, the tricolpate pollen grains, the carpels 1～8 per flower, when mature form ing dry oblong or ovoid follicles with transverse veins on the surface, and the seeds usually with scaly membranous wings. The last genus Actaea is different by the basal leaf trans formed into a small scale, the caducous, small, often sepaloid sepals, the organs of the sec ond floral whorl being clawed petals, the pollen grains with 3(4～6) colpi, carpel 1 per flow er, when mature forming a fleshy indehiscent berry smooth on the surface and without any veins, the seeds roughish or slightly rugose, neither foveolate nor winged on the surface, and the advanced most asymmetric karyotype. According to the diagnostic characters given above, we believe that Beesia, Souliea, Anemopsis, Cimicifuga, and Actaea do represent five independent genera, and the treatment of the tribe Cimicifugeae including these five genera in it by Hutchinson (1923), Janchen (1949) and some other authors, has precisely shown the taxonomic diversity within the tribe. We are therefore unable to accept the treatment published by Compton et al. (1998) to lump the two genera, Souliea and Cimicifuga, into the genus Actaea. (2) Compton et al. (1998, 1997) found out that the Chinese plants previously identified by various authors as Cimicifuga foetida L., in which the terminal and lateral racemes of the compound raceme flower more or less simultaneously, differ from the true C. foetida L. in northern Asia, in which the terminal raceme of the compound raceme flowers before the lateral ones, and thus restored the species name Cimicifuga mairei Lévl. , which was formerly reduced to the synonymy of C. foetida L. , for the Chinese plants. After examining the specimens collected from Siberia and from Southwest China we failed to find out any other differences in both vegetative and reproductive organs between the plants of the two regions, and we consider that it is better to treat the populations in Southwest and Central China as a geographical variety of Cimicifuga foetida L. A new combination, Cimicifuga foetida L. var. mairei (Lévl.) W. T. Wang & Zh. Wang, is thus made. (3) 3 species of Delphinium, 1 species and 1 variety of Clematis are described as new.     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

下毛目纤毛虫的系统修订Ⅱ. 尾柱亚目(纤毛动物门)

对尾柱亚目 Urostylina Jankowski, 1979 中的各科、属进行了重新修订.该亚目的特征为:腹面具典型的中腹棘毛或在个体发生时出现中腹棘毛.修订后的尾柱亚目共4科19属:尾柱虫科 Urostylidae 左、右缘棘毛多列或至少有一侧缘棘毛为多列;全列虫科 Holostichidae 左、右缘棘毛各一列,具典型中腹棘列毛或复合中腹棘毛列;伪小双虫科 Pseudoamphisiellidae 仅具两列发生学意义上的中腹棘毛列,两者相互间宽位分离;帕森虫科 Patteroniellidae 中腹棘毛列不甚明确,数目少,且近于散布.此外, 给出了各科及属的检索表, 并附各属纤毛图式, 对部分属进行了讨论.     

Solid-phase Chemistry: A Useful Tool to Discover Modulators of Protein Interactions

The Solid phase synthesis (SPS) concept, first developed for biopolymers, has spread in every field where organic synthesis is involved. While the potential of the solid-phase method was obvious in 1959 to its discoverer, Prof. R. B. Merrifield, it was unpredictable its dominance in peptide synthesis and especially in combinatorial chemistry, an area not yet conceived. SPS paved the way for solid-phase combinatorial approaches (extensively reviewed in (Choong, I. C. and Ellman, J. A.: 1996, Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 31, 309–318; Obrecht, D. and Villalgordo, J. M.: 1998, Solid-supported Combinatorial and Parallel Synthesis of Small-Molecular-Weight Compound Libraries. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, UK; Chabala, J. C.: 1995, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6, 632–639; Kamal, A., Reddy, K. L., Devaiah, V., Shankaraiah, N., Reddy, D. R.: 2006, Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 6, 53–69; Whitehead, D. M., McKeown, S. C., Routledge, A.: 2005, Comb. Chem. HTS 8, 361–371; Nefzi, A., Ostresh, J. M., Houghten, R. A.: 1997, Chem. Rev. 97, 449–472; Gordon, E. M., Gallop, M. A., Patel, D. V.: 1996, Acc. Chem. Res. 29, 144–154)) as many laboratories and companies focused on the development of technologies and chemistry suitable to this new methodology. This resulted in the spectacular outburst of combinatorial chemistry, which profoundly changed the approach for new drug discovery. Combinatorial chemistry is currently considered a valid approach for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as, target validation and drug discovery.     

Importance of biological and abiotic factors for geochemical cycling in a freshwater eutrophic lake

Here we report the results of a comprehensive biogeochemical monitoring of Rostherne Mere in 1998, including changes in dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite, ammonia, Al, Na, S, K, Mg, Ca, Si, Fe, Mn, orthophosphate, particulate N & P, suspended solids, temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton. The results demonstrated the major influence of primary producers on the overall geochemical cycling of N, P and Si, and suggested that the significance of zooplankton might have been previously underestimated. For major anions and cations, however, the influence of biota on lake water concentrations appeared to be negligible, reflecting the fact that these chemicals were present far in excess of plankton requirements. Thus changes in concentrations of Ca, K, Na, Mg and S were rather limited and must have reflected changes in hydrological and meteorological parameters. K, however, demonstrated a transitional pattern, reflecting some influence of biological uptake. During the stratification period, the slow processes of bacterial decomposition in the hypolimnion gradually released chemicals contained in the materials accumulated in the bottom layer, remarkably increasing the concentrations of dissolved compounds of those elements present in amounts comparable with the pool stored in the sedimenting detritus (e.g. orthophosphate P, ammonia N, Si and DOC). The decomposition also resulted in a drop in the redox potential, followed by partial denitrification and chemical release from the sediments. The hypolimnion of the Mere was confirmed to remain at the stage of Mn release, characterised by accumulation of DOC, orthophosphates, ammonia and initial stages of denitrification. High levels of P released from the sediments during the stratification period suggest that the lake’s recovery after sewage diversion might be further delayed.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.