栽培牡丹的种子萌发和贮藏特性（简报）

栽培牡丹种子萌发生根前约有２个月的后熟期,去除种皮及各种化学或物理处理对其打破休眠,提高萌发率无明显效果,其上胚轴休眠只有在种子胚根长足３ｃｍ时,用１０ｍｇ／ＧＡ３处理１ｄ或在５℃条件下处理１￣２周才可以打破,否则没有效果。     

箭根薯种子的贮藏与萌发

就温度、光照和土壤水分对箭根薯 (TaccachantrieriAndre )种子萌发的影响及种子贮藏条件进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,箭根薯种子是需光性种子 ,萌发温度较窄且要求有较充分的土壤水分 ,其萌发的最适宜温度为 2 5～ 30℃ ,最适宜土壤水分为 6 0 %～ 70 %;室温干燥贮藏比室温常规贮藏效果好 ,而高温高湿和低温高湿都导致其发芽率迅速下降。箭根薯种子耐脱水、耐低温和耐贮藏 ,可以用种子库常规的种子保存技术实现长期保存。研究认为 ,目前箭根薯的濒危状态既有物种自身的原因也有生境破坏的原因 ,该物种宜采取就地保护、迁地保护和种子保存相结合的方法进行种质资源保存。     

贮藏温度和种子含水量对洋葱种子发芽率的影响

贮藏温度低于15℃时,温度对洋葱种子发芽率影响变小,种子含水量低于8.8%时,其衰老过程变慢,高含水量种子在高温下贮存,衰老过程加快,含水量为100%和13%的种子在25℃下贮存分别不到5个月和2个月就失去商品性。     

种子萌发过程中主要贮藏物质的转变实验

种子萌发过程中主要贮藏物质的转变实验陈平平（南京教育学院生物学系２１００１７）孙美姝（南京市第三中学２１０００２）一般植物种子中贮藏的大量有机物,主要是淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质。不同植物的种子这三类物质的含量,有着很大的差异。例如绿豆含有丰富的淀粉,约为４...     

外来入侵植物三叶鬼针草种子萌发与贮藏特性研究

研究了光照和温度对外来入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L．)种子萌发的影响及种子在不同温度下贮藏后的发芽力变化。结果表明,光照和变温不是三叶鬼针草种子萌发的必要条件,在15～30℃恒温条件下萌发率均达到80％以上,35℃恒温显著抑制其萌发且发芽的种子不能正常发育;零下低温(-10℃)和零上低温(4℃)贮藏6个月的三叶鬼针草种子萌发率(分别为95％和94．7％)与贮藏前的萌发率(97．7％)相比无显著差异,而在室温下贮藏6个月的种子,随着贮藏时间的增加萌发率逐渐下降,6个月后不仅萌发率急剧下降到16％、萌发时间延长至10d,而且发芽的种子亦不能正常发育。     

黄花杓兰种子无菌萌发的培养条件研究

授粉１５周后的黄花杓兰（Cypripedium flavum P.F.Hunt et Summerh.)种子经０．５％ＮaClO溶液处理后,无菌下播于培养基因表面,２０周后种子最高萌发率达到９０％。ＫＴ和ＢＡ促进兰花种子萌发的机理是作为一种萌发诱导物质直接起作用。而不仅仅是拮抗ＡＢＡ的抑制作用而促进种子的萌发,培养基,激素和种子预处理萌发率高低的关键,种皮是阻碍黄花杓兰种子萌发的主要原因之一。     

不同环境条件对沙米种子萌发的影响

用控制试验研究了沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)种子萌发对温度、水势和埋深的响应模式.结果显示,在人工模拟科尔沁沙地4月(5℃/20℃)、5月(10℃/30℃)和7月(20℃/40℃)的夜/昼土壤温度条件下,沙米种子的最终萌发率分别为86%、91%和96%,各温度处理的前3 d累计萌发率分别为14%、66%和32%.在5月温度条件下,种子萌发曲线为陡直的单峰状,其他两月呈多峰状.0 MPa水势下,沙米种子的总萌发率为50%,当水势低于-0.4 MPa时,发芽率小于10%.当种子的埋藏深度分别为0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 cm时,出苗率分别为91%、78%、41%和22%,埋深达到8 cm时,没有种子出苗.研究表明,沙米种子在不同条件下萌发率差异显著,其萌发特征有利于种子在不适环境条件下减少种子库的无效损耗,而在环境条件适宜时快速萌发,提高幼苗存活机会,从而使沙米对流沙生境表现出良好适应能力.     

甲基茉莉酸酯对花生种子萌发和贮藏物质降解的影响

甲基茉莉酸酯（Me-Ja）对花生种子萌发基本没有影响,但对下胚轴和根的生长有抑制作用,且与浓度正相关．低浓度Meja促进子叶淀粉酶活性和淀粉降解,高浓度作用相反。Me-Ja部分抑制脂肪降解、贮藏蛋白降解和内肽酶活性,明显抑制脂肪酶活性．文中还讨论了Me-a抑制种子萌发与ABA作用的异同。     

温度对射干种子萌发影响的试验研究

对射干〖ｅｌａｍｃａｎｄａ ｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）ＤＣ．〗种子萌发中温度的影响进行了研究,结果表明射干种子的萌发温度为５～３０℃,恒温条件下的萌发率不高,且持续时间较长,低温或高温向１５～２５℃变温可以提高种子萌发率。１５～２５℃向向低温高温变温萌发率下降。１５～２５℃之间的变温萌发率变化不大。昼夜温度周期３０℃向人氏温或高温变温萌发率下降,１５～２５℃之间的变温萌发率变化不大。昼夜温度周期３０     

Characterization of Serine Endopeptidases in Cotyledons of Germinated Vigna mungo Seeds

Vigna mungo seeds. SEP activity was separated into two isoforms by CM-cellulose column chromatography. These forms, termed SEP-1 and SEP-II, showed endopeptidase activities even at acidic pH, suggesting that SEPs are unique serine endopeptidases, since most serine proteases are optimum at neutral pH. Received 14 December 1998/ Accepted in revised form 22 February 1999     

棕榈种子萌发特性及其贮藏行为的研究

对3个不同种源地的棕榈(Trachycarpus fortunei)种子进行了不同时间的脱水处理和两种不同温度(4℃和-20℃)下贮藏(120d),对其萌发特性和贮藏行为进行了比较分析,结果表明棕榈种子脱水耐性低和对低温较敏感,且含水量较低的种子也受低温伤害。经不同含水量与温度的组合试验后发现,已实验的棕榈种子极可能是一种中间性种子,且其特性受其自然生境的深刻作用,尤其是海拔高度的影响。     

矮沙冬青种子特性和萌发影响因素的研究

 对矮沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus)种子的特性和萌发影响因素进行了初步研究,结果表明：种子不易传播;虫蛀率高,室温贮藏60 d的种子虫害率为38%;易形成硬实,含水量为7.68%的种子在30 ℃温水中浸泡90 h,只有33.33%能吸水膨胀。种子萌发时不需光,在15～30 ℃和室温（18～32 ℃）条件下,经9 d的萌发,发芽率均可达80%以上,30℃时萌发最快;在1～2 cm深的沙壤中,种子出苗率可达75%以上,超过3 cm显著降低,超过6 cm则低于20%;种子在沙壤中萌发时,沙壤的适宜湿度为19.35%～28.75%,高于32.43%或低于3.85%,很少有种子萌发;含水量分别为19.36%、10.64% 和7.68%的种子发芽率无显著差异,在-10 ℃和5 ℃下贮藏7个月,发芽率也无显著降低,但在室温和35 ℃下贮藏7个月则显著下降,发芽率下降的速度与种子本身的含水量和贮藏温度正相关;在湿度分别为7.41%、13.79%和28.57%的沙壤中播种育苗,幼苗死亡率高达77.49%、81.25%和89.49%,即使用三唑酮拌种,死亡率亦高达50.27%、69.53%和76.03%,幼苗死亡率与沙壤湿度正相关。     

贵州石笔木种子萌发特性及幼苗生长规律的研究

为探索贵州石笔木(Tutcheria kweichowensis Chang et Y.K.Li)的种子特性及种苗繁育规律,对种子的生物学特征和贮藏方式对种子萌发的影响及幼苗年生长规律进行了研究。结果表明,贵州石笔木种子的千粒重、生活力、含水量分别为0.92 kg、66.17%、11.75%,吸水率最高可达15.62%。长期贮藏适宜采用低温湿沙层积方式,短期催芽适宜在25℃、相对湿度80%的湿沙层积贮藏40 d左右,种子萌发率可达80%以上。幼苗出土后1年的生长节律表现为\"慢-快-慢\",5-9月为生长盛期,这一时期的苗高、地径的生长量分别占全年的65.48%、42.02%。根据幼苗的生长特性,采取阶段性育苗措施,适时加强田间管理和水、肥定向供给,对提高苗木质量和生产效益具有重要意义。     

Effects of temperature, light, storage conditions, sowing time, and burial depth on the seed germination of Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii (Liliaceae)

In this study, we conducted experiments to accumulate practical information on the propagation and establishment of a population of Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii by seed sowing. C. cordatum var. glehnii seeds require approximately 19 months from seed dispersal to cotyledon emergence in the field. However, the period from seed dispersal to radicle emergence was shortened to approximately 7–8 months by the temperature transition of 25/15°C (60 days) → 15/5°C (30 days) → 0°C (120 days) → 15/5°C (i.e., 15/5°C represents alternating temperature treatment wherein the seeds were placed at 15°C for 12 h during the day and then at 5°C for 12 h during the night). More than 90% of the seeds, which were stored dry at 5°C for 12 months and sown in pots in the field, showed cotyledon emergence, whereas in seeds stored dry at 25°C, dry at room temperature, and non-dry at room temperature, cotyledon emergence was decreased by less than 1%. More than 88% of the seeds that were stored dry at 5°C and sown in the field in October 2002 immediately after collecting, November, and from April to July 2003 showed cotyledon emergence in spring 2004. However, seeds sown in August, September, and October 2003 showed cotyledon emergences of 57.6%, 0%, and 0% in spring 2004, respectively. Seeds collected in October 2002 and sown until July 2003 in the field received adequate high temperature in summer, moderate temperature in autumn, and cold temperature in winter; therefore, the percentage of cotyledon emergence was high in spring 2004. On the other hand, seeds sown in August 2003 or later could not receive enough high temperature; thus, cotyledons emerged from only a few seeds.     

沙冬青种子萌发及幼苗生长特性

沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)是亚洲中部荒漠特有种,由于其分布的环境条件特殊,现存植被天然更新困难,人工育苗、造林存在一定问题。为改善种皮透水性,获得整齐一致的发芽,分别用21.5 (室温)、40、60、80和90 ℃的温水浸种5 min。结果表明: 60 ℃温水浸种效果最好,与对照相比,显著地提高了种子发芽势,并有效地降低硬实率。对比分析了15、20、25、30、35和40 ℃环境温度下种子萌发的特性,种子发芽最适温度是30 ℃,而胚根及下胚轴伸长最快的温度为25~30 ℃。较低温度下种子发芽延续时间较长,并且种子萌发后下胚轴和胚根伸长缓慢,易形成畸形(胚根严重扭曲、缢裂)幼苗。15 ℃时畸形幼苗占发芽种子数的28.1%,而30~40 ℃时仅占5.2%~8.6%。温度过高不利于种子萌发及幼苗生长,40 ℃时,吸胀种子绝大部分丧失活力,发芽种子在35 ℃以上温度下生长2~3 d,胚根胚轴组织呈水渍状坏死。另外,催芽后的种子播种在河沙中子叶出土最快,出土率可达63%,显著高于在粘质壤土中出土率(11%)。不同粒径的种子播种后幼苗生长特性表现出一定的差异,粒径5 mm以下小粒种子播种后幼苗长势弱,苗期成活率低,生长70 d后幼苗成活率仅为35.4%,而粒径5 mm以上种子同期幼苗成活率达56.2%。据上述试验结果,结合自然分布区内环境条件的资料,分析了沙冬青濒危原因,并为植被恢复育苗措施提出建议。     

益母草种子发芽检验标准化研究

本文通过发芽试验来探讨温度、光照及发芽床等因素对益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus)种子萌发的影响.设15、20、25和30℃4种恒温,(15/25)℃、(20/30)℃2种变温,共6种温度处理,设纸上(TP)、纸间(BP)、砂间(S)和砂上(TS)4种发芽床处理,光照设0(黑暗)和2 000lx 2个处理.试验结果表明:益母草种子发芽最适温度为25～30℃,发芽床可选择纸上或纸间,对光照不敏感,可在光照或黑暗条件下发芽,初次计数时间为发芽后第4天,末次计数时间为发芽后第9天.     

Ecological correlations between the persistence of the soil seed bank and several plant traits,including seed dormancy

It was empirically showed that seed size and life history correlate with the formation of a soil seed bank. Although no empirical data are available that indicate a close relationship between seed dormancy and the soil seed bank, dormancy has been considered essential to the formation of a soil seed bank. I have considered the formation of the soil seed bank and survival of seeds for more than a year in the soil, and the persistence and survival of the seed bank for more than 5 years. These periods were derived from the definition of a persistent seed bank and the criterion for seed banks of long-term persistence. Plant traits that are closely related to the formation or persistence of a seed bank and their relationships to dormancy were analysed using two pre-existing databases of seed longevity in soil and comparative ecology. The integrated database comprised 18 plant traits and seed bank formation or persistence data. This approach was used to identify more reliable general empirical rules. The results of a regression tree analysis and common statistical tests of plant traits indicated that only life history and seed size were closely related to seed bank formation, and dormancy was not essential for the formation and persistence of a seed bank. However, the contribution of dormancy differed slightly between dormancy types. Scarification or dry storage requirements to break dormancy slightly enhanced the formation and persistence of a seed bank, whereas a chilling requirement decreased the formation and persistence of a seed bank. In contrast, fluctuating temperature requirements clearly contributed to the formation and persistence of a seed bank.