首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
共生微生物通过影响昆虫信息化合物的合成或感受来调控宿主的化学通讯,进而影响昆虫的交流、防御、捕食和扩散行为。这种调控作用有助于共生微生物的扩散,但对宿主可能是有利的,也可能是有害的,并为共生体系的协同进化提供动力。本文围绕近年来共生微生物对昆虫化学感受的影响及其机制展开综述,并分析其进化意义,旨在为昆虫化学生态学理论提供补充,并为开发新的害虫防治策略提供思路。  相似文献   

2.
肠道微生物与昆虫的共生关系   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
昆虫肠道栖息着大量的微生物。随着近年来研究肠道微生物的方法不断进步,尤其是基于16S rDNA的分子生物学方法的应用,人们对肠道微生物的了解逐渐加深。昆虫肠道对于微生物的拓殖存在一定的选择作用。肠道微生物对昆虫寄主的作用包括提供营养、利用拓殖抗性抵抗外来微生物侵袭、参与多重营养关系、引起昆虫免疫反应。长期进化过程中肠道微生物与昆虫发展出紧密的共生关系,微生物发展出一系列手段适应昆虫肠道环境。文章从以上几个方面对近年来的研究进展进行总结,并对昆虫肠道微生态学的实践意义和将来可能的研究热点进行展望。  相似文献   

3.
昆虫肠道的独特结构和理化性质为多种多样的微生物定殖提供了特殊环境,肠道微生物的群落组成与宿主昆虫的生长发育、代谢繁殖等生命活动密切相关。种类丰富多样、生态位分布广泛的昆虫体内含有大量特化的肠道微生物群落,经过长期协同进化形成的共生关系具有多方面无可替代的优势。这种相对稳定的共生关系对昆虫整个生命周期具有极其重要的作用,肠道微生物不仅为宿主提供重要的营养物质、协助消化食物、提高宿主防御和解毒能力,还影响宿主昆虫的寿命、发育周期以及交配与繁殖能力等。同时,昆虫肠道微生物在农业、生态、医药以及能源环保等多个学科领域也显示出了巨大的应用前景。本文就昆虫肠道微生物群落的多样性、功能和影响肠道微生物生存因素,以及应用前景等方面进行综述,讨论了昆虫肠道微生物的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

4.
马璐瑶  尹梦竹  马睿  朱璧如  胡仪 《生命科学》2023,(10):1306-1321
完全变态昆虫在发育过程中要经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个阶段,它们在幼虫和成虫阶段形态构造和生活习性明显不同,这一现象被称为适应性解耦,使幼虫和成虫能够更独立地完成不同的任务,各自获得更高的效率,这对完全变态昆虫有巨大的生态和进化意义。然而这种发育方式为完全变态昆虫与微生物建立稳定的共生关系带来了巨大的挑战。它们在变态过程中身体结构的重塑、饮食习惯的改变等使微生物居住的栖息地发生彻底转变,微生物在昆虫宿主个体不同发育阶段和不同个体代际之间的垂直传递也受到了限制。为了高保真地维持稳定的共生关系,部分完全变态昆虫和共生微生物进化出多样的严格垂直传递或者规避完全变态发育的传递方式。也有部分完全变态昆虫趁此机会实现与共生微生物的关系解绑,与新的微生物建立联系,呈现出在不同生命阶段共生微生物的动态变化。此外,昆虫变态发育还直接受到共生微生物的影响,微生物能保护宿主在变态发育中最脆弱的阶段免受病原体感染,为变态发育提供必需的营养物质和促进变态发育的因子。因此,本综述将总结和深入探究昆虫完全变态发育与其共生微生物之间的相互影响。  相似文献   

5.
栾军波  王四宝 《昆虫学报》2023,(10):1271-1281
昆虫共生微生物是指与昆虫宿主建立持久互作关系的微生物,这些微生物分布于昆虫的体表、肠道、血腔或者细胞内,参与调节宿主昆虫的多种生理功能。昆虫-共生微生物互作研究涉及多个学科领域的交叉。深入研究昆虫共生微生物的功能及其与宿主的互作关系不仅有助于阐明重要的生命科学机理,还将为害虫治理和虫传病害的防控以及益虫的有效利用提供新的思路和方法。近年来,我国学者在昆虫微生物组研究领域取得显著进展,在多个研究方向取得重要成果。本文概述了国内外昆虫共生微生物研究的最新进展,介绍了本专辑论文的主要研究内容,并提出了值得关注的3个研究方向:(1)昆虫细胞内共生微生物的功能;(2)昆虫调控共生微生物丰度和传播的机制;(3)昆虫共生微生物的遗传改造和应用。  相似文献   

6.
7.
王争艳 《微生物学报》2025,65(2):505-514
共生微生物与昆虫之间的相互作用对昆虫的生长、发育和繁殖具有至关重要的作用。本文重点阐述共生微生物如何通过复杂的信号通路来调控昆虫的脂质代谢。共生微生物通过多种机制影响昆虫的脂质代谢,不仅为宿主提供类固醇等脂质或脂质前体,还通过产生短链脂肪酸和激活免疫信号通路,来间接影响宿主的胰岛素信号通路,进而改变昆虫体内的脂质含量。此外,共生微生物还能通过激活雷帕霉素靶标蛋白和激脂激素信号通路来调节昆虫的脂质代谢过程。深入研究这些信号通路在不同昆虫种类中的共性与差异,对于理解昆虫的生态适应性和繁殖策略以及开发新的害虫治理策略具有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
昆虫体内共生微生物能够占到昆虫生物量的1%~10%,主要包括细菌、真菌、古菌和病毒.昆虫与共生微生物共进化形成共生体,共生微生物在昆虫生物学性状、多样性形成、生态适应性与抗逆性等多方面发挥着重要的作用.昆虫中的农作物害虫严重影响农业生产.本文对2000年以来农业害虫共生微生物的多样性、研究方法和功能机制、共生微生物之间...  相似文献   

9.
共生菌可通过产生抗菌物质、调控宿主免疫相关基因和微生物种间竞争作用等方式保护昆虫宿主免受病原体的侵染。为维持共生关系,昆虫进化出精细的调控机制避免对共生菌的过激免疫应答,共生菌通过免疫识别信号多态性或化学拟态来降低或躲避宿主免疫系统对自身的伤害。本文在分析共生菌对宿主免疫的功能及其机制的基础上,探讨宿主对免疫应答的精准调控以及共生体系的协同进化,以期为共生菌对宿主免疫影响的深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
微生物对昆虫行为的影响研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在漫长的进化过程中,微生物与昆虫形成了多种形式的互作关系.微生物的广泛分布为与昆虫接触并影响昆虫的行为提供了背景条件.为了深入探究微生物影响昆虫行为的现象和机制,本文综述了微生物影响昆虫行为方面的研究进展.微生物通过产生可被昆虫识别的化学信号物质、参与昆虫或寄主植物信息化合物的合成等方式可影响昆虫对其寄主的定位和选择....  相似文献   

11.
基于共生概念的历史变化,目前人们普遍接受了广义共生概念。即共生是包含互利共生(mutualism)、偏利共生(commensalism)和拮抗/寄生(antagonism/parasitism)的共生连续体。本文简述了近20年间,全球9次国际共生学术大会取得的重要成果,对细胞内共生、时间、空间以及多种互作尺度共生关系的研究利用进展进行了评述。同时展望了一些活跃共生领域的研究概况,如共生失调 (dysbiosis)、植物-微生物-昆虫三角共生关系(plant-microbe-insect triangle)、细菌-真菌互作(bacterial- fungal interaction,BFI)、菌根菌-真菌内生细菌-植物多方共生联盟(multipartite symbiosis consortium)以及与共生相关微生物组的集合群落(metacommunity)研究及应用等。共生(symbiosis)正成为当代生物学的核心原则,正以一种与更宏大系统方法相一致的概念,从根本上改变了传统上的一些生物学概念,如孤立性的个体(individuality)概念。基因组测序和高通量RNA技术分析揭示,动、植物与共生微生物的重要互作,打破了迄今为止生物个体的特征边界,挑战了这些学科的定义;共生不仅是一对一的互利共生关系,共生实际是多种共生模式的连续共生体。此外,植物-昆虫-微生物互作的三角关系;菌根-真菌-真菌内生细菌-植物的多方联盟等新关系的发现,更把生命科学推向了快速发展的方向。这些科学进展不仅对生物科学的遗传学、免疫学、进化、发育、解剖学和生理学的研究至关重要,拓宽了新的视野,而且对农业中生物制剂研发,人类微生物组的管理及调控,以及对发酵食品及工业微生物生产的设计和管理将产生积极影响。  相似文献   

12.
昆虫共生细菌研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
昆虫体内定殖着大量微生物,经过漫长协同进化,昆虫与这些微生物构建了共生体系,这些昆虫共生微生物参与整个生态过程,对于生态系统中物质转化与交换、能量流动与利用、信息传递与调控等均发挥着重要作用。昆虫共生细菌具有丰富的物种多样性;昆虫与其共生细菌之间通过化学机制、生理机制、生态学机制和遗传学机制构建复杂的共生体系;昆虫为细菌提供稳定的生境并共享特定的代谢途径,共生细菌则协助宿主营养代谢,提供食物中缺乏的养分,促进昆虫生长和繁殖;通过分泌抗菌肽、毒素等,细菌能增强昆虫对寄生物的防御能力和抗病性,并通过调节昆虫对非生物因子的抗逆性和耐药性,扩大昆虫的生态位。昆虫共生细菌在农林牧渔业可持续安全生产与医药研发等领域具有应用潜力和广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

13.
    
Host species often support a genetically diverse guild of symbionts, the identity and performance of which can determine holobiont fitness under particular environmental conditions. These symbiont communities are structured by a complex set of potential interactions, both positive and negative, between the host and symbionts and among symbionts. In reef‐building corals, stable associations with specific symbiont species are common, and we hypothesize that this is partly due to ecological mechanisms, such as succession and competition, which drive patterns of symbiont winnowing in the initial colonization of new generations of coral recruits. We tested this hypothesis using the experimental framework of the de Wit replacement series and found that competitive interactions occurred among symbionts which were characterized by unique ecological strategies. Aposymbiotic octocoral recruits within high‐ and low‐light environments were inoculated with one of three Symbiodiniaceae species as monocultures or with cross‐paired mixtures, and we tracked symbiont uptake using quantitative genetic assays. Priority effects, in which early colonizers excluded competitive dominants, were evidenced under low light, but these early opportunistic species were later succeeded by competitive dominants. Under high light, a more consistent competitive hierarchy was established in which competitive dominants outgrew and limited the abundance of others. These findings provide insight into mechanisms of microbial community organization and symbiosis breakdown and recovery. Furthermore, transitions in competitive outcomes across spatial and temporal environmental variation may improve lifetime host fitness.  相似文献   

14.
    
The importance of Symbiodinium algal endosymbionts and a diverse suite of bacteria for coral holobiont health and functioning are widely acknowledged. Yet, we know surprisingly little about microbial community dynamics and the stability of host‐microbe associations under adverse environmental conditions. To gain insight into the stability of coral host‐microbe associations and holobiont structure, we assessed changes in the community structure of Symbiodinium and bacteria associated with the coral Pocillopora verrucosa under excess organic nutrient conditions. Pocillopora‐associated microbial communities were monitored over 14 days in two independent experiments. We assessed the effect of excess dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and excess dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Exposure to excess nutrients rapidly affected coral health, resulting in two distinct stress phenotypes: coral bleaching under excess DOC and severe tissue sloughing (>90% tissue loss resulting in host mortality) under excess DON. These phenotypes were accompanied by structural changes in the Symbiodinium community. In contrast, the associated bacterial community remained remarkably stable and was dominated by two Endozoicomonas phylotypes, comprising on average 90% of 16S rRNA gene sequences. This dominance of Endozoicomonas even under conditions of coral bleaching and mortality suggests the bacterial community of P. verrucosa may be rather inflexible and thereby unable to respond or acclimatize to rapid changes in the environment, contrary to what was previously observed in other corals. In this light, our results suggest that coral holobionts might occupy structural landscapes ranging from a highly flexible to a rather inflexible composition with consequences for their ability to respond to environmental change.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
  相似文献   

17.
高效降解木质纤维素的白蚁肠道微生物组   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
李丹红  王誉  杨红 《微生物学报》2017,57(6):876-884
木食性白蚁是自然界木质纤维素的高效降解者,在长期进化过程中白蚁与其肠道微生物组协同作用发展出不同的纤维素降解机制。木食性白蚁具有分别来源于白蚁和共生微生物的两套纤维素酶系统。在低等白蚁中,木质颗粒经过白蚁前、中肠分泌的内源性酶初步消化后,在后肠共生鞭毛虫中被降解为乙酸、二氧化碳和氢。高等木食性白蚁在进化中丢失了鞭毛虫,木质颗粒经白蚁自身分泌的酶初步消化后,在后肠大量共生细菌的帮助下被有效降解。培菌类白蚁利用其菌圃中的蚁巢伞菌和肠道微生物协同作用降解木质纤维素。共生微生物在白蚁的氮素固定与循环、中间产物代谢及纤维素降解等过程中发挥了重要作用。学习和模拟白蚁高效降解木质纤维素的体系,对生物质能源的产业化发展具有积极的意义。  相似文献   

18.
真菌与植物共生是一种非常普遍、复杂和重要的生物学现象。真菌与植物共生部位、共生类型和共生结构的多样性,以及参入共生的真菌和植物多样性奠定真菌与植物共生的生物学基础。真菌与植物首先通过分子\"对话\"的生化机制相互识别构建共生体,进而由真菌和植物双方生理机制调控共生体发育及其生理功能,以构建稳定有效的共生体。真菌与植物的空间、营养和功能生态位很多是相近的,双方均面临相同的生态选择压力,需要共同抵抗不良生境,以适应更多环境。因此,真菌和植物通过两者共生的生态学机制增强植物抗逆性,减轻有害生物危害,提高其竞争力和生境的适应能力。真菌和植物长期的协同演化过程中,种群间的基因交流及其差异导致不同的基因组合,奠定了共生体多样化的基础与资源。此遗传学机制形成的多种遗传组合的共生体不仅使真菌和植物在各环境压力下共存,还可以不断进化发展。真菌和植物共生研究方面已形成较为完善的体系,加强真菌与植物共生理论的研究,特别是该类共生体遗传背景、基因与环境互作效应及其机制的阐明,将有助于诠释真菌与植物共生的生物学机制。  相似文献   

19.
    
Fungal secondary metabolites (FSMs) are capable of manipulating plant community dynamics by inhibiting or facilitating the establishment of co-habitating organisms. Although production of FSMs is not crucial for survival of the producer, their absence can indirectly impair growth and/or niche competition of these fungi on the plant. The presence of FSMs with no obvious consequence on the fitness of the producer leaves questions regarding ecological impact. This review investigates how fungi employ FSMs as a platform to mediate fungal–fungal, fungal–bacterial and fungal–animal interactions associated with the plant community. We discuss how the biological function of FSMs may indirectly benefit the producer by altering the dynamics of surrounding organisms. We introduce several instances where FSMs influence antagonistic- or alliance-driven interactions. Part of our aim is to decipher the meaning of the FSM ‘language’ as it is widely noted to impact the surrounding community. Here, we highlight the contribution of FSMs to plant-associated interaction networks that affect the host either broadly or in ways that may have previously been unclear.  相似文献   

20.
    
The evolution of animals and their gut symbionts is a complex phenomenon, obscured by lability and diversity. In social organisms, transmission of symbionts among relatives may yield systems with more stable associations. Here, we study the history of a social insect symbiosis involving cephalotine ants and their extracellular gut bacteria, which come predominantly from host-specialized lineages. We perform multi-locus phylogenetics for symbionts from nine bacterial orders, and map prior amplicon sequence data to lineage-assigned symbiont genomes, studying distributions of rigorously defined symbionts across 20 host species. Based on monophyly and additional hypothesis testing, we estimate that these specialized gut bacteria belong to 18 distinct lineages, of which 15 have been successfully isolated and cultured. Several symbiont lineages showed evidence for domestication events that occurred later in cephalotine evolutionary history, and only one lineage was ubiquitously detected in all 20 host species and 48 colonies sampled with amplicon 16S rRNA sequencing. We found evidence for phylogenetically constrained distributions in four symbionts, suggesting historical or genetic impacts on community composition. Two lineages showed evidence for frequent intra-lineage co-infections, highlighting the potential for niche divergence after initial domestication. Nearly all symbionts showed evidence for occasional host switching, but four may, more often, co-diversify with their hosts. Through our further assessment of symbiont localization and genomic functional profiles, we demonstrate distinct niches for symbionts with shared evolutionary histories, prompting further questions on the forces underlying the evolution of hosts and their gut microbiomes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号