海南岛星天牛属一新种：鞘翅目：天牛科

尖峰星天牛Anoplophora(s.s.)jianfenglingensis Hua,新种(图1) 雌 体漆黑色,具光泽。上唇中央两侧,上颚外侧中央,额前缘及两侧缘,眼后颊部中央,触角基瘤内侧,眼后头顶中央,触角柄节下侧,梗节及第3节基部1/4,前胸背板中区两侧及侧刺突下方,小盾片,鞘翅上5组毛斑,前胸腹板中央两侧,中胸前侧片,     

中国短翅天牛属一新记录亚种记述（鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）

记述了中国短翅天牛属1新记录亚种,即柴田短翅天牛Glaphyra shibatai shibatai(Hayashi,1961)。柴田短翅天牛描述:体长8.1 mm宽2.0 mm。身体呈亮黑色。腿节亮棕黑色,后足腿节基部至中部浅黄色。鞘翅中部近中缝处有1对半透明深黄褐色区域。前胸长约1.23倍于宽,最宽广的部位在收缩之前,前足基节窝后方关闭。鞘翅基部宽约与前胸背板长相等,鞘翅长为鞘翅基部宽度的1.20倍,肩角略呈圆形,两侧向端部逐渐收缩,表面具有细而稀疏的小刻点,翅缝在基部3/5处分裂,缝角圆形。前胸腹板具有粗糙的刻点。后胸腹板具有细刻点。腹部刻点比后胸腹板更浅,更细。后足第1跗节1.50倍于2、3节之和。     

横断山豹天牛属一新种(鞘翅目:天牛科)

本文记述沟胫天牛亚科豹天牛属一个新种,标本采自云南横断山。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。小灰豹天牛Coscinesthes minuta,新种 体小,黑色,密被灰色绒毛和具有无毛黑色刻点,鞘翅上刻点较深,形成小窝;体背面和触角柄节具黑色长竖毛,每一刻点内着生一     

金小峰科一新属一新种(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

本文记述金小蜂科金小蜂亚科一新属一新种。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 角颊金小峰属Neocoruna新属 属征:头具粗略刻点;背面观宽是长的2倍多,明显宽于胸部;具后头脊;上颊后缘光滑。触角着生处接近头顶;柄节远远超过单眼群;触式11263;各索节向端部依次缩短,第六索节近方形。触角洼深,中间具隆起的脊,后者高不超越颜而。唇基宽大,下缘中央凹入。颊下缘具宽大岫凹陷,侧面观呈三角状,前缘具脊,后下角具一角状突起。齿式4。     

云南天牛科三新种

1.穴点沃天牛Hoplothrix foveatus Chiang et Li,新种 体型肥厚较长,黑色,被黑褐色细绒毛及黄褐色细竖毛,全体一色无斑纹。头部额高胜于宽,额面平坦略凹,厚被粗毛,具稀粗刻点,中沟明显;后头前半部及颊均散布稀疏穴状粗刻点,后头后半部隆起,无粗刻点;触角基瘤高突,头顶深陷;复眼很小,粗粒,上叶狭小,左右远离,隐在触角柄节下,几不可见,下叶狭长,短于其下颊部二分之一;雌虫触角较体稍长,柄节柱状,端疤宽圆完整,柄节基半部背方有与触角基瘤上相同的密竖毛,下沿有较密的细缨毛,第3节稍     

中国树蝽科新属及新种记述(半翅目:异翅亚目)

本文记述了我国树蝽科Isometopidae的一新属、四新种,其中奇树蝽属Sophianus Distant为中国首次记录的一个属。所有模式标本均存放在南开大学生物系。现将新属及新种描述如下: 桂树蝽 paraletaba Ren et Yang,新属 体阔椭圆形,背面光亮、圆鼓,具浓密刻点及短毛。头不垂直,而向后方倾斜,头的后缘高于前胸背板,将背板前缘遮盖;单眼大与眼相接;眼大,向上侧方突出;额向两侧及中部下方甚扩展,外缘具微微皱纹,刻点浅而稀疏;触角着生于眼的下方,第1节粗短,第2节最长,向端部渐略加粗,第3、4两节细,第3节显著长于第4节。喙     

福建沼虾属二新种

1975年,我们在福建省收集到许多淡水虾的标本,发现沼虾属有二个新种,记述于下。福建沼虾Macrobrachium fukienense,新种 额角上缘稍隆起,末端超出第一触角柄,上缘具7或8齿,基部1—2齿位于眼眶后方的头胸甲上;下缘凸,具2(少数仅1)齿。头胸甲具颗粒状突起,雄性尤为显著(图1),腹部的颗粒小而分散。尾节(图7)背面具2对背刺,后端呈尖刺状,后侧角具2对刺,中部具6—7对羽状刚毛,后缘的背面具5对细刚毛。 第一触角柄刺短于第1节的1/2,前例刺伸至第2节的中部,第2节稍短于第3节。鳞片(图 3)长约为宽的2.5—2.8倍。     

广西米虾属一新种

作者整理广西米虾属标本时发现一新种,兹描述如下。巴马米虾Caridina bamaensis,新种 体长12—18毫米。额角短,抵角膜后缘,上下缘均无齿。头胸甲为额角长的5—7倍,前侧角圆,无颊刺(图1,2)。第六腹节约为头胸甲长的0.34—0.43。尾节背面具5—6对活动刺;后端圆,具4对刺,外侧者稍粗;后缘正中背面有一三角形的突起(图3)。柄刺伸至第一触角柄第1节的末端附近。第三颚足伸至或稍超鳞片末端(图4)。     

中国纳天牛属二新种记述（鞘翅目：天牛科）

纳天牛属 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ Ｔｈｏｍ ｓｏｎ, １８６４ 隶属于棒角天牛族 Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｉｎｉ,全球已知３种,分布于东南亚,我国尚无记录。该属的主要特征是触角显较体长,下沿有较密的缨毛,第２节与第４节近等长;体背相当拱隆略呈纺锤形;足较长,腿节呈棒状,后足腿节甚长,几伸达鞘翅末端,后足第１跗节近等长于第２、３节之和。新种模式标本保存于西南农业大学植物保护系昆虫标本馆。１． 刺翅纳天牛 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ ｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｏｓａ, 新种 （图１～４）新种与 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ ｌｏｎｇｉｐｅｓ Ｔｈｏｍ ｓｏｎ, １８６４ 较接近,主要区别为体红褐色而非灰褐色,鞘翅基部中央具１角状瘤突,鞘翅隐现３条灰白色绒毛横带而非被一色绒毛等。正模♂,云南付宁剥隘,１９７９－ Ⅴ－ ２,尹耀宜采;副模１♂,采集记录同正模。２． 麻斑纳天牛 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ ｓｐａｒａｔｉｓ, 新种 （图５～８）本新种与刺翅纳天牛 Ｎ． ｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｏｓａ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． 的主要区别为体被均匀一致的绒毛,鞘翅无基瘤及淡色横带,触角下沿具更密而长的缨毛;雄性外生殖器的阳基侧突较短,中茎侧面中部具横凹陷等。正模♂,云南墨江,１９８０－ Ⅵ－ ５,刘芬采。     

中国日萤叶甲属四新种(鞘翅目:叶甲科, 萤叶甲亚科)

本文记述萤叶甲亚科日萤叶甲属Japonitata Strand四新种,分别采自西藏墨脱地区、湖北神农架、云南西双版纳等地。模式标本分别保存在中国科学院动物研究所和上海昂虫研究所。 红日萤叶甲Japonitata ruficollis新种 棕红色;腹面棕黄;触角黄色,端末1节或2节黑色。 头部光亮,上唇较小,宽约为长的1.5倍,前缘完整,表面中部有一排具刚毛的刻点;额唇基呈三角形隆凸,无刻点;额瘤较平,不甚显突,横形,前内角向触角间延伸;头顶微凸,无刻点。触角微短于体长,第2节短小,第3节略短于第2节的两倍,第4节明显长于     

Reconstitution de la végétation et du paléoclimat à partir de charbons de bois prélevés sur les sites du Paléolithique dans la région de Jungwon en Corée

Hundreds samples of the charcoals and waterlogged woods excavated from three late Paleolithic sites (Suyanggae, Gunang-gul and Sorori) in the Jungwon Region in Korea were analyzed to reconstruct the vegetation and paleoclimate in the region. Analyzed charcoal samples from the Suyanggae site show that the climate was cold in the lower part and it became more warm and dry in the upper part. From the Gunang-gul site, only Picea spp. was identified, indicating cool climates. From the Sorori site, two species were found; Alnus spp. (95%) and Ulmus spp. (5%). No conifers were discovered. The species composition indicates that the climate condition of central Korean peninsula around 8,800 BP was little cooler and wetter condition.     

Dynamic data replacement and adaptive scheduling policies in spark

Improper data replacement and inappropriate selection of job scheduling policy are important reasons for the degradation of Spark system operation speed, which directly causes the performance degradation of Spark parallel computing. In this paper, we analyze the existing caching mechanism of Spark and find that there is still more room for optimization of the existing caching policy. For the task structure analysis, the key information of Spark tasks is taken out to obtain the data and memory usage during the task runtime, and based on this, an RDD weight calculation method is proposed, which integrates various factors affecting the RDD usage and establishes an RDD weight model. Based on this model, a minimum weight replacement algorithm based on RDD structure analyzing is proposed. The algorithm ensure that the relatively more valuable data in the data replacement process can be cached into memory. In addition, the default job scheduling algorithm of the Spark framework considers a single factor, which cannot form effective scheduling for jobs and causes a waste of cluster resources. In this paper, an adaptive job scheduling policy based on job classification is proposed to solve the above problem. The policy can classify job types and schedule resources more effectively for different types of jobs. The experimental results show that the proposed dynamic data replacement algorithm effectively improves Spark's memory utilization. The proposed job classification-based adaptive job scheduling algorithm effectively improves the system resource utilization and shortens the job completion time.

     

L'hominidé du Pléistocène supérieur en Corée

Since the middle of 1970s, one rock-shelter, six caves and one open archaeological site have yielded several hominid fossils. Among them, fossils from Yonggok, Mandal, Sangsi and Hungsu cave sites are useful to reconstruct the general shape of the Upper Pleistocene Hominids in Korea. The main study of this paper is to focus on the reconstruction of the general shape of the upper Pleistocene hominids, and to examine the cause of cranial changes from the late upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic period in Korea. Biomechanical principles are also applied to reconstruct the social activity of the upper Paleolithic man in Korea. In addition, it is assumed that main proponent of Paleolithic cultures in Korea might be Homo sapiens rather than any other species. Based on the anatomical characteristics of skull, the axillary border of the scapular and the midshaft of the femur, general appearance of Homo sapiens during the Pleistocene in Korea could be reconstructed.     

Le groupe des « bisons adossés » de Lascaux. Étude de la technique de l'artiste par analyse des pigments

The painting matter of the “back to back bison's panel” of Lascaux was examined and analysed by electron microscopy in order to understand the know-how of Magdalenian artists. The observation of several samples coming from specific areas of the two bisons give an access to the nature of the used pigments, to the preparation mode used to obtain various colours and also to the application mode. Thanks to this physicochemical approach, we can make hypotheses about the mind and the gestures of the artists.     

« Flûte » et pointes de la Grosse Badlhöhle, Autriche

The Grosse Badlhöhle (Austria, Steiermark) is the origin of one of the most perfect bone points of the early Aurignacian and one of the best perforated femurs of the same period, which can be regarded as musical instruments. Two other fragments of points raise intriguing questions on the first Homo sapiens sapiens which cannot be solved today but will contribute to future research. A review on the debate of Palaeolithic flutes will follow with experimental proofs of boring artificial holes with high quality pictures on the blow-hole and the lack of gnawing traces on the opposite face. The musical possibility of an instrument with only one hole is discussed with ethnographic analogies. Hafting, optimal conditions of strength and possible use of arrows will close the discussion on the Badlhöhle bone artefacts.     

La stratigraphie du Pléistocène supérieur et le Paléolithique en Corée

In Korea, Quaternary deposits are characterized by marine and fluvial terrace deposits, commonly found in the coastal areas and at the sides of river valleys. The major terraces are classified into 5 different levels, i.e., alluvial plain (3-5 m asl), lower terrace (10-25 m asl), middle terrace (33-50 m asl), high terrace (55-85 m asl), and highest terrace (90-160 m asl). They were formed by the repetition of sedimentation and erosion due to sea level fluctuation and uplifting along the coastal areas during Quaternary period. The formation age of the lower marine terraces at the level of 10-20 m is interpreted to be the last interglacial (75-125 Ka, MIS = 5a-5e). The middle coastal terrace gravels distributed at the level of about 33-45 m above mean sea level and are to be formed before the last interglacial. Above coastal terrace deposits, slope deposits and paleosol layers are overlain and freezing and thawing crackings were developed in them. Major prehistory archaeological sites in the coastal areas are found in the slope deposits formed during last glaciations. The upper parts of the slope deposits are typified by paleosol layers with typical frost cracks (soil wedges) and frangipanes. As geochronological bases for subdividing Paleolithic cultures, two typical paleosol layers are useful because they are mostly found and imprinted with several horizons of frost cracks or soil wedges. The uppermost crack structures were formed under the boreal-periglacial climatic regime during the last glacial period of extremely cold-dry climate in Korea. The upper pedogenetic sediments containing frost cracks or soil wedges were formed between 24 and 17 Ka in many Paleolithic profiles. The lowermost paleosol layer with frost cracks (soil wedge), strongly attacked into hillslope sediments or last interglacial saprolite layers on the weathered basement rocks, were detected at least as old as 59-74,000 Ka. Lastly upper Paleolithic cultural layers were found in the young fluvial deposits, which had been formed since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Some of them were particularly continued as late as the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition Period.     

Characterization and functional analysis of hsp21.8b: An orthologous small heat shock protein gene in Tribolium castaneum

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) act as molecular chaperones and are widely distributed in all kinds of organisms. Comparative analysis revealed that an orthologous shsp was present during insect evolution. Here, hsp21.8b, one insect orthologous shsp, had been identified in Tribolium castaneum. Quantitative real‐time PCR illustrated that Tchsp21.8b was expressed in all developmental stages, along with the lowest expression at early embryonic stage and relative high expression at other stages especially in late eggs and late pupae. In the adult period, Tchsp21.8b exhibited the highest expression level in central nervous system and followed in elytron, epidermis, ovary and fat body. Moreover, it was upregulated 3.39‐fold in response to enhanced heat stress (45°C) for 4 hr but not to cold stress (4°C) and was upregulated by 1.73‐ to 1.94‐fold under ultraviolet (UV) exposure during 4–6 hr. It was also downregulated by 20.8%–41.8% under starvation in 3 days and had a “down‐up‐down” trend under the pathogen stresses. Larval RNA interference of Tchsp21.8b caused 40.6% insects mortality and reduced the oviposition amount by 66.0% and only 21.0% of the ds‐Tchsp21.8b eggs could hatch into larvae. These results suggested that as an orthologous shsp, Tchsp21.8b not only plays important roles in the growth, development and fecundity of T. castaneum but with the competence to resist the environment stresses, although the response is relatively weak compared to other hsps. Results from this study also uncovered the functions of the orthologous shsp in the development and anti‐stresses ability of T. castanuem. It provided more scientific evidence for revealing the physiological mechanisms of shsps of the insects and enhanced the capabilities to control different pests.     

Comparaison de l'expression de certains caractères crâniens sur les hominidés chinois du Pléistocène récent et de l'Holocène (grotte supérieure de Zhoukoudian, sites de Longxian et de Yanqing)

The human remains recovered from “Grotte supérieure de Zhoukoudian” are the best-preserved Late Pleistocene human fossils in East Asia. For decades, as the representative of the Late Pleistocene human in East Asia, the Upper Cave skulls have been playing important role in the research of origins of modern Mongoloids and American Indians. With the advance of the origin and evolution of modern humans, more attention has been paid to the details and the mechanisms for the late Pleistocene human evolution and the formation of modern human populations. Both the origin and diversification of modern humans have been stressed. Some studies further trigger the debaters on the Upper Cave Man concerning its evolutionary level and its role in the formation of modern human populations in East Asia. To further explore these problems, we examined and compared 12 non-metric features on the 3 Late Pleistocene Upper Cave skulls and 162 Holocene individuals earthed from two archaeological sites of North China (Longxian and Yanqing). Our results indicate that 8 on the 12 features have different expression patterns between Upper Cave Man and recent Chinese leading the authors to believe that more primitive expressions appeared on the Upper Cave Man than on recent Chinese populations. Based on these findings, some problems on the intragroup variation in Late Pleistocene and Holocene populations are discussed.