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通过观察吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、广东省微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)及作者野外采集的共37份标本的宏观及微观形态结构,对中国裸盖菇属[Psilocybe(Fr.)Kumm.]进行了分类学研究,对已知的10个种进行了形态学描述,并编写了分种检索表。报道了采自内蒙古的1个新种:蒙古裸盖菇(Psilocybe mongolica Sarentoya et Tolgor);3个中国新记录种:鳞柄裸盖菇(Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith)、拟变蓝裸盖菇(Psilocybe wayanadensis K.A.Thomas,Manim & Guzmán)、越南裸盖菇(Psilocybe yungensis Singer & Smith);4个省级新记录种:内蒙古新记录种喜粪生裸盖菇[Psilocybe coprophila(Bull.ex Fr.)Kumm.]、广东省新记录种古巴裸盖菇[Psilocybe cubensis(Earle)Sing.]、广西省新记录种黄裸盖菇(Psilocybe fasciata Hongo)和西藏新记录种毒裸盖菇[Psilocybe venenata(Imai)Imazeki & Hongo]。 相似文献
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通过对吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本室(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)的132份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,共报道中国球盖菇属[Stropharia(Fr.)Qulet]真菌14种(包括变种、变型),其中包括1个拟定新种,即黄囊球盖菇[Stropharia chrysocystidia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];1个新变种,即蚯蚓铜绿球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet var.earthwormia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];2个中国新记录种,即偏孢孔球盖菇[Stropharia dorsiporaEsteve-Rav.&Barrasa]和盐碱球盖菇[Stropharia halophila Pacioni];四川省新记录种1个,即亮白球盖菇[Stropharia albonitens(Fr.)Qulet];吉林省新记录变型1个,即浅黄皱环球盖菇[Stropharia ru-gosoannulataf.luteaHongo];云南和西藏新记录变型1个,即黄褐球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet f.brunneola Hongo]。对已知种进行了形态学描述、显微线条图绘制,编写了分种检索表,对每个种的担孢子进行了扫描电子显微镜观察。 相似文献
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记述了盖蝽科两新种:黄足盖蝽Aphelocheirus luteus sP.nov.和角盖蝽Aphelocheirus longidentatus sp.nov..模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫学研究所.文中量度单位均为mm. 相似文献
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里普草属——Leptunis Stev。一年生草本植物。茎细弱,常茎中部分枝,枝细线状,圆柱形,无毛。叶轮生,全缘,无托叶,线状。花两性,辐射对称,花冠管状;无花萼;雄蕊4枚;子房二室;柱头二裂,柱头裂片球形;果为小坚果,常双生。 相似文献
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碧江蹄盖蕨新种图1 Athyrium bijiangense Y. T. Hsieh et W. M. Chu, sp. nov. Species proxime affinis A. christensenii Tard. Blot, a quo differt lamina frondis oblongo-lanceolata, pinnulis ca. 1cm longis, ca. 4mm latis, apice obtusis et aristato-serratis non rotundo-truncatis et integris, soris costulae propioribus. Tota planta ca. 55cm alta; rhizoma erectum, cum basibus stipitis paleis atro-fuscibus linearibus dense obtectum; frondes caespitosae; 相似文献
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黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科三属(蹄盖蕨属、羽节蕨属及冷蕨属)的遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用7种随机引物对分布于黑龙江省不同区域蹄盖蕨科中的蹄盖蕨属,羽节蕨属及冷蕨属三属的遗传多样性进行了初步分析,对蹄盖蕨科各种基因组的DNA进行了PCR扩增,并对其RAPD谱带进行了统计处理,得出不同区域种类的多态位点百分率,结果表明蹄盖蕨科植物具有较高水平的遗传变异,其种类的分布对周围环境变化有着较强的适应能力。利用Shannon指数和Nei指数对其分析,确定了三属之间的属内种间的亲缘关系:蹄盖蕨属的大部分变异仍存在于种源内;冷蕨属中的冷蕨和山冷蕨种类之间具有一定的遗传变异;羽节蕨属中,欧洲羽节蕨和羽节蕨种间有较大的遗传变异。 相似文献
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采用光镜和扫描电镜对山东分布的蹄盖蕨科2属(蹄盖蕨属和假蹄盖蕨属)7种植物的根、根茎、叶柄、叶轴、叶表皮、表皮毛和孢子囊进行了形态解剖学的系统研究.结果表明,在形态解剖学方面2属植物的共同特征为:根均为无髓中柱;叶柄基部的双柱型维管束向上渐靠近联合形成1个周韧型维管束;叶上下表皮垂周壁均呈波状;气孔主要为胞环型、周胞型或极附型.2属植物的不同特征是:蹄盖蕨属植物体无毛;而假蹄盖蕨属植物叶片和叶轴上均生有腺毛;蹄盖蕨属植物根皮层外侧为薄壁细胞,假蹄盖蕨属则为棕色厚壁细胞环.研究结果表明蹄盖蕨科为一个自然分类群,并支持假蹄盖蕨属的成立. 相似文献
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本文记述了采自湖北、四川、浙江、安徽、福建五省的盖蛛属Neriene一新种:华丽盖蛛Neriene nitens,讨论了新种的斑纹和Tm Ⅰ的地理变异,将新种与其近似种饰斑盖蛛Neriene compta Zhu et Sha作了较为详细的比较。模式标本均保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。 相似文献
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Kantakwa Grégoire Sadiki;Kowiyou Yessoufou;Terence N. Suinyuy; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(8):e70209
The genus Encephalartos is entirely endemic to Africa, and like most cycad species, the genus is at risk of extinction. One of the threats jeopardising the future of the genus is reproduction failure, a failure that is still poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate what predisposes Encephalartos species to seed damages through predation, a potential cause of reproduction failure. We collected functional traits of 430 individuals of Encephalartos villosus, as well as data on pre-dispersal seed predation, habitat type and elevation in the Origi Gorge Nature Reserve, South Africa. Then, we analysed our data by fitting a structural equation model. We found that plants tend to be taller when moving from open to close habitat, whereas plant height tends to increase along elevation. In addition, taller plants tend to have more leaves, and plant canopy size shows significant positive relationship with elevation, plant height and number of leaves. These findings suggest a leaf height–canopy dimension strategy perhaps in response to environmental stresses imposed by elevation. We tested the effects of habitat types on seed production. Although there were significantly more seeds in open habitats, open habitats showed the lowest proportion of predated seeds. Finally, we tested the effects of elevation on seed production. We found that seed production decreases along elevation while the proportion of predated seeds increases. Under the resource concentration hypothesis, these findings (where there are more resources, predation is low) are unexpected, suggesting rather that it is the resource dilution effect that matches the pre-dispersal seed predation patterns in our study area. We suggest that anthropogenic pressures at lower elevation due to easy access may cause seed predators to shift towards higher elevation where they cause heavier damage to seed, thus perhaps contributing to the extinction risk of the genus Encephalartos. 相似文献
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Simon Devin Christophe Piscart Jean‐Nicolas Beisel Jean‐Claude Moreteau 《International Review of Hydrobiology》2004,89(1):21-34
The latest threatening invader in European freshwaters is Dikerogammarus villosus, a large gammarid of Ponto‐Caspian origin exhibiting a predatory behaviour. Its biology and population dynamics were studied over a one‐year period in a recipient ecosystem to determine bio/ecological traits having facilitated its rapid establishment. The study revealed that D. villosus reaches sexual maturity early, at six mm in length, and produces three reproductive peaks, though the species reproduces all year long, hence reflecting its multivoltine character. The study also revealed a female‐biased sex ratio, exceptional growth rates of up to 2.6 mm in two‐weeks in spring, and one of the highest fecundities of Western Europe gammarids. D. villosus exhibits a biological profile suggesting that only a few individuals can rapidly establish a new population in a recipient ecosystem, and allow this gammarid to become cosmopolitan in the near future. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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John S. Donaldson 《American journal of botany》1997,84(10):1398-1406
Observations and experiments were carried out over 5 yr to distinguish between wind and insect pollination in the cycad Encephalartos villosus Lemaire (Zamiaceae). They were also designed to determine whether a pollination mutualism exists between E. villosus and Antliarhinus zamiae (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), an obligate ovule parasite that routinely parasitizes a large proportion of the ovules. The percentage of fertilized ovules dropped slightly when wind was excluded from the megastrobilus. However, when insects were excluded by either net bags or insecticide there was a substantial decrease in the proportion of fertilized ovules. Five beetle species belonging to four families were found on the strobili at the time of pollination. Using data on the effectiveness of pollen transfer to the receptive ovule, as well as data on abundance and pollen loads, a pollinator importance value (PIV) was determined for each beetle species and a pollinator importance index (PII) was determined for each population. PII values showed that an undescribed weevil (Porthetes sp., Curculionidae) was consistently the most important pollinator. A. zamiae and an undescribed beetle species within the Xenoscelinae (Languriidae) played a minor role in pollination, and their contributions varied from year to year and between populations. Two additional beetle species, Metacucujus goodei Endrödy-Younga (Boganiidae) and a second species of Xenoscelinae, had very low PII values and probably had little or no effect on pollination. Low PIV scores for A. zamiae were a result of its low numbers on the microstrobilus and the tendency of the beetles to remain on the outside of the megastrobilus. In the interaction between E. villosus and A. zamiae, the cycad does not appear to benefit significantly from a pollination service and I interpret this to mean that the relationship is antagonistic rather than mutualistic. There is, however, a possible mutualism between Porthetes sp. and E. villosus. 相似文献
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Abstract This case study considers the broom seed beetle, Bruchidius villosus , a narrowly oligophagous species within the Fabaceae, subtribe Genistinae for which in-depth native-range studies have been vital to help understand the likely field host specificity following release. Bruchidius villosus has been used in three countries as a classical biological control agent against Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius . Original host-specificity testing of a UK population, where this species had only been observed developing on C. scoparius , suggested this population was specific to the target. The beetle was released in New Zealand. Following release, however, the agent exhibited a broader host range than in the tests, but not a broader host range than that of the species as a whole. Subsequent studies in the native range using surveys and field testing have helped to show why B. villosus populations exhibit higher specificity in the native range than would be expected from the species' host range. This case is used to illustrate the contribution native-range studies can make to science-based risk analysis of biological control agents against weeds. By doing so, they also highlight the associated risks of ignoring native-range studies and adopting of a 'grab-and-run' approach to obtaining classical biological control agents. 相似文献
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1. Accumulation of organic material by the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is assumed to be the source of a biodeposition‐based food web. However, only little is known about the importance of the biodeposited material as a food source and its contribution to increased abundances of macroinvertebrates in the presence of D. polymorpha. 2. Feeding, assimilation and growth of the amphipods Gammarus roeselii and Dikerogammarus villosus on food sources directly and indirectly associated with D. polymorpha (biodeposited material and chironomids) and on conditioned alder leaves were measured. The stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of the diets was measured as an important determining factor of food quality. 3. Chironomids had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus contents, alder leaves were depleted in nitrogen and phosphorus, and the stoichiometry of biodeposited material was intermediate. 4. Both amphipod species had highest feeding rates and assimilation efficiencies on chironomids. Gammarus roeselii fed more on biodeposited material than on alder leaves, but assimilation efficiencies were similar; D. villosus also had similar feeding rates and assimilation efficiencies on the two diets. 5. Both amphipod species had highest growth rates on chironomids and lowest growth rates on alder leaves. Both grew at intermediate rates on biodeposited material of D. polymorpha. The growth rates of the amphipod species were related to food stoichiometry. Overall, the invasive D. villosus grew faster than the indigenous G. roeselii. 6. Food resources directly and indirectly associated with D. polymorpha are potential diets for amphipods, providing further evidence for a D. polymorpha biodeposition‐based food web. 相似文献
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We evaluated whether morphological traits in capelin, Mallotus villosus, that appear to be sexually selected (pectoral fin, pelvic fin, anal fin, lateral ridge) were larger and more variable in males than females compared with naturally selected morphological traits (eyes, dorsal fin). Photographs were obtained of 136 capelin captured at two spawning sites and standardised measurements were taken of six morphological traits. Males had larger traits than females for a given body size and this was most pronounced in the traits thought to be sexually selected. Body size explained much of the variation in female traits but less variation in male traits, suggesting alternative selection pressures are involved. We suggest that larger male body size aids in endurance rivalry and sexually dimorphic traits help males to remain in physical contact with females while spawning on the beach. 相似文献
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Interactions between species pairs are almost always mediated by interactions with other species. The outcomes of these multispecies interactions are often difficult to predict and are rarely studied. In addition to their theoretical importance, multispecies interactions are also important for management situations. Where multiple agents are used to control invasive species, interactions between agents may either enhance or reduce the impacts on the target species, or may simply have additive effects. In this study, conducted in a Mediterranean‐type woodland in Australia, we examined how the interaction between an invasive legume, Cytisus scoparius (Leguminosae), its pollinator, Apis mellifera and a seed predator, Bruchidius villosus (Bruchidae), are modified by a native hemiparasitic vine, Cassytha pubescens (Loranthaceae). The parasite had a direct negative effect on C. scoparius, reducing flowering by 50% and consequently fruit and seed production. Despite having fewer flowers, infected plants had the same proportion of ‘tripped’ flowers, an indirect measure of pollinator visitation, as uninfected plants; although fruit formed on infected plants it was more likely to abort prematurely. Seed predation by B. villosus was lower on parasite‐infected C. scoparius plants than in uninfected plants. Although Ca. pubescens had an antagonistic effect on B. villosus, in consort, the two agents reduced overall seed production by an average of 62%. The acquired parasite Ca. pubescens was more effective in reducing reproductive output than the introduced seed predator, B. villosus, and shows potential as a biocontrol agent for C. scoparius. We documented a subadditive effect of two biological enemies on the invasive species, where the acquired parasite had a stronger effect than the introduced seed predator. 相似文献