Aquimarina atlantica sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II-S11-z7^T, which was isolated from the surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase negative and catalase positive, long-rod shaped, and gliding. Growth was observed at salinities of 1–5 % and at temperatures of 10–41 °C. The isolate was capable of hydrolysing gelatin and Tween 80 and able to reduce nitrate to nitrite, but unable to degrade aesculin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II-S11-z7^T belongs to the genus Aquimarina, with highest sequence similarity to Aquimarina megaterium XH134^T (98.31 %), followed by Aquimarina macrocephali JAMB N27^T (96.59 %); other species of the genus Aquimarina shared 93.63–96.08 % sequence similarity. The ANI value between strain 22II-S11-z7^T and A. megaterium XH134^T was found to be 91.86–91.81 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization estimated value between strain 22II-S11-z7^T and A. megaterium XH134^T was 47.7 ± 2.6 %. The principal fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/ω6c, as defined by the MIDI system; 8.1 %), SummedFeature 9 (iso-C_17:1 ω7c/C_16:110-methyl; 6.8 %), iso-C_15:0 G (11.3 %), iso-C_15:0 (24.9 %), iso-C_16:0 (5.7 %), C_16:0 (5.2 %), iso-C_15:0 3OH (6.4 %) and iso-C_17:0 3OH (21.5 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 32.99 mol %. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-6 (100 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids were found to be present. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain 22II-S11-z7^T represents a novel species within the genus Aquimarina, for which the name Aquimarina atlantica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22II-S11-z7^T (=MCCC 1A09239^T = KCTC 42003^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aquimarina litoralis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a coastal seawater

A strictly aerobic, red-pigmented, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-staining-negative bacterium, designated strain CNURIC011^T, was isolated from seawater off the coast of Jeju Island in Korea. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CNURIC011^T belongs to the genus Aquimarina in the family Flavobacteriaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the close relatives of the novel strain are Aquimarina latercula ATCC 23177^T, Aquimarina marcrocephali JAMB N27^T, Aquimarina intermedia KMM 6258^T, Aquimarina muelleri KMM 6020^T, and Aquimarina brevivitae SMK-19^T, with sequence similarities of 97.6, 96.6, 96.0, 95.6, and 94.2%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that the level of relatedness between strain CNURIC011^T and Aquimarina latercula ATCC 23177^T (=KCTC 2912^T) was 4.9%. The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (14.9%), C_15:0 (13.9%), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (12.6%), iso-C_15:1 G (7.3%), and iso-C_17:1 ω9c (7.2%). On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic data, strain CNURIC011^T represents a novel species within the genus Aquimarina, for which the name Aquimarina litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CNURIC011^T (=KCTC 22614^T =JCM 15974^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aquimarina sediminis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain negative, long rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow pigmented bacterium, designated strain w01^T, was isolated from marine sediment. The strain was characterised to determine its taxonomic position by using a polyphasic approach. Strain w01^T was observed to grow optimally in the presence of 3.0% (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and to hydrolyse Tweens 20, 40 and 80, starch, casein and alginate. Carotenoid pigments were found to be produced but not flexirubin-type pigments. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain w01^T is phylogenetically affiliated with the genus Aquimarina and is closely related to Aquimarina macrocephali JCM 15542^T (97.4% sequence similarity) and Aquimarina muelleri KCTC 12285^T (97.0%). Lower sequence similarities (<?97.0%) were found with the other currently recognised members of the genus Aquimarina. The predominant fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0 (33.7%), C_18:0 3-OH (16.8%) and C_17:1ω7c (10.6%). The polar lipid profile was found to contain phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. MK-6 was identified as the sole respiratory quinone. The G?+?C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 33.3 mol%. Strain w01^T can be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognised species of the genus Aquimarina. The isolate is therefore concluded to represent a novel species, for which the name Aquimarina sediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain w01^T (=?KCTC 62350^T?=?MCCC 1H00287^T).     

Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gammaproteobacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

A novel Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated KMM 6351^T, was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a distinct phyletic line in the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to the genera Aliivibrio, Photobacterium and Vibrio. Strain KMM 6351^T grows at 4–40 °C and with 0.5–12 % NaCl and decomposes aesculin, agar, gelatin, starch, chitin and DNA. The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 46.1 mol%. The prevalent fatty acids were found to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c, C_12:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH fatty acids). The major polar lipids were determined to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminolipid. The predominant ubiquinone was found to be Q-8. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that the novel strain should be assigned to a new genus and species within the class γ-Proteobacteria for which the name Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6351^T (=KCTC 22996^T = LMG 25420^T).     

Pseudoxanthomonas gei sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from the stem of Geum aleppicum

A Gram stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and deep-yellow-coloured bacterial strain, designated ZFJR-3^T, was isolated from the stem of Geum aleppicum Jacq. collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China, and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate grew optimally at 25–28 °C and in the absence of NaCl. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (29.2 %), iso-C_16:0 (18.5 %), summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C_17:1 ω9c and/or C_16:0 10-methyl; 8.8 %), C_16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.8 %), iso-C_11:0 3-OH (6.9 %) and iso-C_11:0 (6.8 %). The DNA G+C content was 66.1 mol %. The only polyamine was spermidine and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZFJR-3^T belongs to the genus Pseudoxanthomonas and was most closely related to Pseudoxanthomonas yeongjuensis KCTC 22757^T (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 99.0 %) and Pseudoxanthomonas sacheonensis KCTC 22080^T (98.0 %). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other Pseudoxanthomonas species with validly published names were less than 96.5 %. DNA–DNA relatedness values for strain ZFJR-3^T with respect to its closely related neighbours P. yeongjuensis KCTC 22757^T and P. sacheonensis KCTC 22080^T were 48.7 and 36.3 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain ZFJR-3^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas gei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZFJR-3^T (=CCTCC AB 2013020^T =KCTC 32298^T).     

Hymenobacter qilianensis sp. nov., isolated from a subsurface sandstone sediment in the permafrost region of Qilian Mountains,China and emended description of the genus Hymenobacter

A red–pink, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain DK6-37 was isolated from the permafrost region of Qilian Mountains in northwest of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that this isolate represents a novel member of the genus Hymenobacter, with low sequence similarities (<97 %) to recognized Hymenobacter species. Optimum growth was observed at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and 0 % NaCl. The strain was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolanmine, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown aminolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c as defined by MIDI), summed feature 4 (anteiso-C_17:1 B/iso-C_17:1 I), C_16:1 ω5c, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:0 and C_18:0. The DNA G + C content was determined to be 67.4 mol %. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, it is proposed that strain DK6-37 represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter qilianensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DK6-37^T (= CGMCC 1.12720^T = JCM 19763^T).     

Bizionia psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A novel Gram-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated PB-M7^T, was isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber collected from Pohang, South Korea. Growth was observed at 4–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0), and with 2.0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0 %). In a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain PB-M7^T was found to belong to the genus Bizionia and to be most closely related to Bizionia echini KMM 6177^T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bizionia hallyeonensis T-y7^T (97.9 %), Bizionia algoritergicola APA-1^T (97.5 %), Bizionia argentinensis JUB59^T (97.5 %) and Bizionia myxarmorum ADA-4^T (97.1 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain PB-M7^T were identified as iso-C_15:0 (22.2 %), iso-C_15:1 G (10.8 %), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (16.7 %) and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c; 11.2 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-6 (MK-6). The polar lipid profile of strain PB-M7^T was found to contain phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G + C content of strain PB-M7^T was determined to be 33.4 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of B. echini, B. hallyeonensis, B. algoritergicola, B. argentinensis, and B. myxarmorum were 52.9, 48.5, 46.5, 37.1 and 26.6 %, respectively. Based on the data presented, strain PB-M7^T represents a novel species of the genus Bizionia, for which the name Bizionia psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of B. psychrotolerans is PB-M7^T (= KCCM 43042 ^T = JCM 19924 ^T).     

Lacinutrix jangbogonensis sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from Antarctic marine sediment and emended description of the genus Lacinutrix

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and psychrophilic bacterial strain, PAMC 27137^T, was isolated from the marine sediment of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Strain PAMC 27137^T was observed to grow at 4–10 °C, at pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 2.5–4.0 % (w/v) sea salts. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 27137^T belongs to the genus Lacinutrix showing the high similarities with Lacinutrix mariniflava JCM 13824^T (97.6 %) and Lacinutrix algicola JCM 13825^T (97.1 %). Genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 27137^T is clearly distinguished from the most closely related Lacinutrix species. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were identified as iso-C_15:1 G (19.9 %), iso-C_15:0 (19.3 %), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (11.3 %), summed feature 9 (C_16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C_17:1 ω9c as defined by MIDI, 9.1 %), iso-C_15:0 3-OH (7.5 %), and anteiso-C_15:1 A (5.8 %). The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, and five unidentified phospholipids. The major respiratory quinone was identified as MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 32.1 mol%. Based on the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain PAMC 27137^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lacinutrix, for which the name Lacinutrix jangbogonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27137^T (=KCTC 32573^T=JCM 19883^T).     

Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov., a new marine polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 130^T, that displayed the ability to destroy polysaccharides of red and brown algae, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Flavobacterium, the type genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 96.2 and 95.7 % to Flavobacterium jumunjiense KCTC 23618^T and Flavobacterium ponti CCUG 58402^T, and 95.3–92.5 % to other recognized Flavobacterium species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 10Alg 130^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, C_15:0 and iso-C_17:1ω9c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 34.3 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium could strongly be distinguished by a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10Alg 130^T (=KCTC 32467^T = KMM 6686^T).     

Mucilaginibacter calamicampi sp. nov., a member of the family Sphingobacteriaceae isolated from soil at a field of reeds

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated WR-R1Y^T, was isolated from soil at a field of reeds in South Korea. Strain WR-R1Y^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the absence of NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain WR-R1Y^T fell within the clade comprising Mucilaginibacter species, coherently clustering with the type strain of Mucilaginibacter composti, with which it exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 97.6 %. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other Mucilaginibacter species and the other species used in the phylogenetic analysis were 93.1–96.9 % and <91.1 %, respectively. Strain WR-R1Y^T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1 ω7c), C_16:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain WR-R1Y^T was 43.1 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with M. composti KACC 14956^T was 17 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain WR-R1Y^T is separate from other Mucilaginibacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain WR-R1Y^T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter calamicampi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WR-R1Y^T (= KCTC 32214^T = CCUG 63418^T).     

Marinomonas profundimaris sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment sample of the Arctic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain D104^T, which was isolated from deep-sea subsurface sediment sample from the Arctic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase negative and catalase weakly positive, rod shaped, motile by means of polar flagellum. The organism grows between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 25–28 °C) and 0.5–6 % NaCl (optimum 3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D104^T belongs to the genus Marinomonas, with highest sequence similarities of 97.7 % to Marinomonas ushuaiensis DSM 15871^T, followed by M. dokdonensis DSW10-10^T (96.9 %), M. arenicola KMM 3893^T (96.7 %), M. arctica 328^T (96.6 %) and other 18 species of the genus Marinomonas (94.4–96.5 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain D104^T and M. ushuaiensis DSM 15871^T were 84.24 % and 20.80 ± 2.33 % respectively. The principal fatty acids were C_16:0, sum in feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c), sum in feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c) and C_12:1 3OH. The G + C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 44.8 mol%. The respiratory quinone was found to be Q8 (100 %). Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major phospholipids and aminolipid and phospholipid as minor components. The results of the genotypic and phenotypic analyses indicate that strain D104^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas profundimaris sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain D104^T (=MCCC 1A07573^T = LMG 27696^T).     

Polaribacter marinivivus sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GYSW-15^T, was isolated from a seawater of Geoje island on the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain GYSW-15^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GYSW-15^T belongs to the genus Polaribacter, clustering coherently with the type strain of Polaribacter porphyrae showing sequence similarity value of 97.0 %. Strain GYSW-15^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.3–96.4 % to the type strains of the other Polaribacter species. Strain GYSW-15^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, iso-C_16:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain GYSW-15^T containing phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid as major components was similar to that of the type strain of P. porphyrae. The DNA G + C content of strain GYSW-15^T was determined to be 31.2 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness with P. porphyrae LMG 26671^T was 17 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GYSW-15^T is separated from recognized Polaribacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GYSW-15^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Polaribacter, for which the name Polaribacter marinivivus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GYSW-15^T ( = KCTC 42156^T = CECT 8655^T)     

Polaribacter reichenbachii sp. nov.: A New Marine Bacterium Associated with the Green Alga Ulva fenestrata

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 6Alg 8^T, was isolated from the common Pacific green alga Ulva fenestrata. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Polaribacter, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 97.6 % to Polaribacter dokdonensis DSW-5^T and 92.8–96.1 % to other recognized Polaribacter species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 6Alg 8^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0 2-OH, C_15:0 and C_15:1ω6. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 31.6 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Polaribacter were readily distinguished based on a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Polaribacter, for which the name Polaribacter reichenbachii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 6Alg 8^T (= KCTC 23969^T = KMM 6386^T = LMG 26443^T).     

Pedobacter hainanensis sp. nov., Isolated from Seaside Soil

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated 13-Q^T, was isolated from seaside soil under the stacks of the red algae in Hainan province in China. Identification was carried out on the basis of polyphasic taxonomy. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 13-Q^T belonged to the genus Pedobacter, and the highest similarity was 94.4 % with Pedobacter terricola KCTC 12876^T. Strain 13-Q^T was able to grow at 10–40 °C, in pH 5.0–10.0, in the presence of 0–2.0 % NaCl. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (40.4 %), summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C_15:0 2-OH and/or C_16:1 ω7c) (18.9 %) and iso-C_17:0 3-OH (18.4 %). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.7 mol%. Strain 13-Q^T could be distinguished from the nearest phylogenetic neighbors by various chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties. The results of the polyphasic analyses suggested that strain 13-Q^T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter hainanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-Q^T (=CCTCC AB 2012076^T = NRRL B-59850^T).     

Bacillus bingmayongensis sp. nov., isolated from the pit soil of Emperor Qin’s Terra-cotta warriors in China

A Bacillus-like isolate, strain FJAT-13831^T, isolated from the No. 1 pit soil of Emperor Qin’s Terra-cotta Warriors in Xi’an City, China, was studied to determine its taxonomic status. Dominant fatty acids of this organism included iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0, C_16:0, iso-C_13:0, anteiso-C_15:0, and iso-C_17:1ω5c. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this isolate to the genus Bacillus and indicated that it was closely related to Bacillus pseudomycoides DSM 12442^T (99.72 % similarity). A phylogenetic analysis of the gyrB gene sequence similarities exhibited independent clustering of the isolate FJAT-13831^T and showed 93.8 % (<95 %) sequence similarity with its closest phylogenetic neighbour B. pseudomycoides DSM 12442^T. Separate standing of the strain FJAT-13831^T was supported by a whole genome-based phylogenetic analysis with an average nucleotide identity value of 91.47 (<95 %) between isolate FJAT-13831^T and B. pseudomycoides DSM 12442^T and was consistent with the results of DNA–DNA hybridization (69.1 % relatedness). These findings support the conclusion that the isolate FJAT-13831^T represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus bingmayongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-13831^T (= CGMCC 1.12043^T = DSM 25427^T).     

Algoriphagus boseongensis sp. nov., a member of the family Cyclobacteriaceae isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, BS-R1^T, was isolated from a tidal flat at Boseong, South Korea. Strain BS-R1^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BS-R1^T belongs to the genus Algoriphagus, clustering consistently with the type strain of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, with which it exhibited 98.4 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities between strain BS-R1^T and the type strains of the other Algoriphagus species were between 92.7 and 97.0 %. Strain BS-R1^T was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain BS-R1^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with A. mannitolivorans KACC 11349^T was 17 ± 5 %. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain BS-R1^T is distinguishable from the other Algoriphagus species as well as A. mannitolivorans. On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-R1^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus boseongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-R1^T (=KCTC 32580^T = CECT 8446^T).