腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗高龄患者急性胆囊炎的临床观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗高龄患者急性胆囊炎的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月．2011年12月我院收治的210例65岁以上因急性胆囊炎实施胆囊切除术的老年患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为腹腔镜组（LC组）和剖腹胆囊切除术组（OC组）,分析和比较两组患者的手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间及住院时间,术中出血、腹腔引流量和术后并发症的发生情况。结果：与OC组比较,LC组的手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间及住院时间均显著缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;但两组之间术中出血、腹腔引流量和术后并发症的发生率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。LC组中转开腹10例,占7_35％;其中粘连严重导致胆囊三角解剖不清6例,无法控制的出血2例,结石嵌顿胆囊管2例。结论：老年急性胆囊炎患者在条件合适的情况下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗有助于患者更快地恢复．具有较强的临床应用价值。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜辅助整形术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床效果

目的:探讨单孔腹腔镜辅助整形术(TUES)对急性胆囊炎患者腹壁美观及其肝功能的影响。方法:选取我院急性胆囊炎择期手术患者130例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合整形术,对照组采用三孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术。观察并比较两组手术时间、术后疼痛评分、切口满意度及肝功能指标的变化情况。结果:与对照组比较,观察组患者手术时间长,术后疼痛评分低,患者对切口美观满意度高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组住院日无显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者术前ALT、AST和ALP水平无显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者术后ALT、AST和ALP水平均高于术前,组内比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者术后ALT、AST和ALP水平低于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单孔腹腔镜辅助整形术能够改善急性胆囊炎患者病情,提高腹壁美观效果,而且对肝功能影响较小,值得临床推广。     

Prospective controlled randomized trial on prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions by Icodextrin 4% solution after laparotomic operation for small bowel obstruction caused by adherences [POPA study: Prevention of Postoperative Adhesions on behalf of the World Society of Emergency Surgery]

Background

In some randomized trials successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis is associated with an earlier recovery and shorter hospital stay when compared with open cholecystectomy. Other studies did not confirm these results and showed that the potential advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis can be offset by a high conversion rate to open surgery. Moreover in these studies a similar postoperative programme to optimize recovery comparing laparoscopic and open approaches was not standardized. These studies also do not report all eligible patients and are not double blinded.

Design

The present study project is a prospective, randomized investigation. The study will be performed in the Department of General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital (Bologna, Italy), a large teaching institutions, with the participation of all surgeons who accept to be involved in (and together with other selected centers). The patients will be divided in two groups: in the first group the patient will be submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours after the diagnosis while in the second group will be submitted to laparotomic cholecystectomy within 72 hours after the diagnosis.

Trial Registration

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN27929536 – The ACTIVE (Acute Cholecystitis Trial Invasive Versus Endoscopic) study. A multicentre randomised, double-blind, controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open surgery for acute cholecystitis in adults.     

单孔和四孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效对比分析

摘要 目的：探讨单孔和四孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效差异。方法：回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院胆胰外科2018年6月至2019年8月期间施行单孔（单孔组）和四孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术（四孔组）的临床资料,包括手术时间、腹腔引流管留置率、手术方案转变率、手术出血量、术后并发症率（胆漏、出血、伤口感染）、住院时间、住院费用、术后24 h镇痛药物使用率和术后满意度等。结果：单孔组手术时间显著长于四孔组[(42.48±6.66)min Vs (32.18±7.08)min],单孔组腹腔引流管留置率显著低于四孔组（1.67% Vs 21.67%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;单孔组的住院时间短于四孔组[(2.22±0.65)天 Vs (2.71±0.57)天],单孔组住院费用高于四孔组[(2.19±0.17)万元Vs (1.81±0.14)万元],单孔组术后24 h镇痛药物使用率低于四孔组（4.17% Vs 16.67%）,术后满意度评分单孔组较四孔组更高[(4.68±0.64)分 Vs (4.47±0.68)分],差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;单孔组的手术出血量、手术方案转变率以及术后并发症与四孔组比较没有差异（P>0.05）。结论：单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术后疼痛轻,恢复快,手术安全性与传统四孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术相比无明显差异,同时单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术满意度更高,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并急性胆囊炎的疗效及对免疫功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并急性胆囊炎的疗效及对免疫功能和生活质量的影响。方法：本次研究为回顾性研究,分析2018年3月~2021年3月期间我院收治的98例胆囊结石合并急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,根据手术方案的不同将患者分为A组（n=46,给予开腹手术）和B组（n=52,给予腹腔镜胆囊切除术）,记录两组患者围术期相关指标、肝功能、免疫功能、生活质量和并发症发生率。结果：B组术中出血量少于A组,切口大小短于A组,手术时间长于A组,住院时间、首次排气时间短于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d总胆红素 （TBIL）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）均升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后3 d CD3⁺、CD4⁺、NK细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于A组（P<0.05）,B组术后3 d CD8⁺低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后3个月健康生活量表简表（SF-36）各维度评分高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后并发症发生率虽低于A组,但组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并急性胆囊炎,虽然手术时间较开腹手术更长,但切口小、可促进患者术后恢复,对患者免疫功能、肝功能损害更轻,有利于提高患者生活质量。     

"Right" stay in hospital after sugery: randomised controlled trial.

A randomised controlled trial was carried out on 100 patients to compare the effects of discharge after certain pre-specified clinical criteria had been fulfilled--"right" stay--with those of discharge at an arbitrary 10 days after surgery--"fixed" stay. The operations concerned (cholecystectomy and vagotomy) were more hazardous than those previously included in studies of early discharge. Patients in the right-stay group were discharged, on average, 7-6 days after operation--that is, two days earlier than those in the fixed-stay group. In terms of clinical progress, social factors such as return to work, and the acceptability to patients and relatives of the implications of right stay, patients in this group fared as well as those in the fixed-stay group, and in some respects slightly better. Right stay entailed the transfer of some work from hospital to community medical and nursing staff, but this also was acceptable. The concept and use of the right-stay principle is of value in planning the postoperative discharge of suitable patients.     

腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎手术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎中应用的可行性及安全性。方法:2007年3月～2011年3月,对26例慢性萎缩性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术。结果:24例患者成功实施腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术,2例中转开腹,无死亡患者,手术时间为30~170 min,平均103 min,术中出血5~70 mL,平均45 mL。平均住院时间3～11天,平均6.46天。随访3月～36月,未见与手术有关的并发症。术后胆漏1例,经保守治疗治愈。结论:在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎手术中,腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术可简化手术,降低手术风险,可以获得腹腔镜胆囊切除术相似的疗效。     

腹腔镜胆囊手术和开腹胆囊手术对术后肠黏连的影响比较

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊手术和开腹胆囊手术对于术后肠黏连的影响,对比两种手术的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾选取在我院接受胆囊手术治疗的196例病患,根据术式分成开腹组和腹腔组,每组均为98例患者,对比分析组间手术指标以及术后出现肠黏连的情况,同时观察手术前后患者消化道生存质量变化。结果:腹腔镜组手术耗时(123.57±4.65 min)长于开腹组,术中出血(27.52±5.69 mL)、胃肠功能恢复用时(18.03±3.51 h)、术后住院时间(4.51±1.03)、肠黏连发生率(10.20%)少于开腹组,(P0.05);两组术前GLQI评分相仿(P0.05),术后GLQI评分显著高于组内术前(P0.05),且腹腔镜组术后GLQI评分显著高于开腹组(P0.05)。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜胆囊手术不仅手术创伤小、术后恢复时间短,而且术后肠粘连发生率低,值得推广。     

围手术期护理干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效的影响

目的探讨围手术期实施护理干预措施,对腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效的影响。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者100例根据护理方法的不同随机分为护理干预和对照组各50例。对照组进行常规护理,护理干预在对照组的基础上采取一系列的术前、术中及术后的围手术期护理干预措施。观察比较两组腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效及并发症情况。结果护理干预组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后排气时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）。且护理干预组术后发生切口感染、出血以及胆漏、放射痛、肠粘连的发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论通过采取系列的围手术期护理干预措施,可以积极预防并发症的发生,缩短手术时间及住院时间,提高治疗效果。     

腹腔镜与开放输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效分析

目的:比较腹腔镜与传统开放手术行输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果,评价腹腔镜手术的优势。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年9月~2013年2月45例行开放输尿管切开取石术(开放组)与33例行腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(腹腔镜组)患者的临床资料并进行比较。结果:78例手术均取石成功,腹腔镜组2例分别因结石逃逸入肾盂和输尿管炎症水肿粘连明显改行开放手术。腹腔镜组在术中出血量、术后下床时间、肛门排气时间、术后引流总量、术后引流时间、住院天数方面均显著优于开放组,而手术时间及住院总费用显著高于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现尿瘘、伤口愈合不良、严重血尿等并发症。结论:两组术式治疗输尿管结石均能有效取石,腹腔镜术式在很多方面拥有一定优势,传统切开取石也有自己的特点。临床上应综合考虑患者意愿、病情特点、术者操作水平、患方经济条件等一系列因素决定最终手术方式。     

微创式治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜与十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用价值。方法：74例胆囊结合并胆总管结石患者随机分为EST＋LC组（44例）和OC＋OCHTD组（30例）,其中EST＋LC组行十二指肠镜Oddi括约肌切开术（EST）加腹腔镜下胆囊切除术（LC）,OC＋OCHTD组行开腹胆囊切除术（OC）加胆总管切开取石T管引流术（OCHTD）,比较两组手术过程、术后恢复、并发症情况等。结果：①EST＋LC组手术时间长于OC＋OCHTD组,切口长度与术中出血量少于OC＋OCHTD组（P〈0.01或0.05）。②EST＋LC组手术成功率90.91%,取石成功率100%,OC＋OCHTD组手术成功率100%,取石成功率93.33%,两组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。③EST＋LC组镇痛药使用率低于OC＋OCHTD组,术后引流时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间和平均住院时间短于OC＋OCHTD组（P〈0.01或0.05）。④EST＋LC组与OC＋OCHTD组均并发症少,无结石复发。结论：十二指肠镜Oddi括约肌切开术联合加腹腔镜下胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石和胆总管结石具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短等优势,值得进一步临床推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性化脓性胆囊炎患者血清SOD,MDA及肝功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎的疗效及对患者血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及肝功能的影响。方法:选择2014年9月至2016年9月我院接诊的92例急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,随机分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46),对照组使用传统开腹式胆囊切除术,观察组使用腹腔镜下胆囊切除术。观察并比较两组患者的术中出血量、术后引流量、手术时间、术后排气时间及住院时间,治疗前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平,以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组术中出血量、术后引流量少于对照组,手术时间、术后排气时间、排便时间、住院时间均比对照组短(P0.05);手术后,观察组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平均比对照组低(P0.05);观察组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平高于对照组,丙二醛(MDA)水平低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎的效果显著,对患者肝功能损伤较小,术后并发症少,值得临床应用推广。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染的列线图模型预测价值研究及防治策略分析

摘要 目的：探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染的列线图模型预测价值及防治策略。方法：回顾性分析2018年10月-2021年5月合肥市第一人民医院收治的经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者94例的临床资料,根据患者术后是否发生切口感染分为感染组（n=12例）和非感染组（n=82例）。查阅两组病历资料,对患者术后切口感染的可能影响因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析;引入R软件建立经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染预测模型并绘制列线图模型,获得预测风险值;绘制ROC曲线,分析列线图模型对术后切口感染的预测效能。结果：94例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中12例术后切口发生感染,感染率为12.77%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明：年龄、手术时间、住院时间、胆囊破裂是经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染发生的影响因素（P<0.05）;列线图模型看出：年龄得分为63分,住院时间得分为37.6分,手术时间得分为71.5分,胆囊破裂得分为50分,预测风险值为2.221,ROC曲线下面积为0.832。结论：经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染率较高,且受到的影响因素较多,基于上述影响因素构建的预测模型能获得较高的预测效能,值得推广应用。     

Early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

A series of 65 cases of acute cholecystitis from among 500 patients on whom cholecystectomy was performed by the author is presented. Early cholecystectomy was the operation of choice in 63 and cholecystostomy in two. The operative mortality for cholecystectomy was 1.6%; the postoperative morbidity was low and there were no serious complications such as common bile duct injury or biliary fistula. Operation for acute cholecystectomy is recommended within 48 hours of diagnosis to avoid serious complications such as perforation and suppurative cholangitis.     

腹腔镜与阴式子宫肌瘤剔除术临床疗效比较

目的观察比较腹腔镜与阴式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法符合手术指征的90例子宫肌瘤患者分为腹腔镜组和阴式组（每组45例）,比较疗效。结果二组疗效相似,且术后无并发症发生,住院时问相当。阴式组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院费用明显低于腹腔镜组。结论与腹腔镜手术相比,经阴道手术直视下操作精确、快捷,价格低廉,适应症宽。但由于阴道空间狭窄,易损伤邻近脏器。临床应根据不同情况选择不同的手术方法,达到满意的治疗效果。     

一步法腹腔镜胆囊切术联合胆总管探查取石术在慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石治疗中的有效性及安全性探究

摘要 目的：探究一步法腹腔镜胆囊切术（LC）联合胆总管探查取石术（LCBDE）在慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法：纳入2018年6月至2021年9月行一步法LC+LCBDE治疗的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者49例（观察组）,并以行开腹胆囊切除术+胆总管切开取石治疗的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者43例为对照组,比较两组手术疗效及手术相关指标;观察患者手术前后肝功能指标、胆红素水平及免疫功能变化,并统计患者术后并发症发生情况。结果：观察组及对照组手术成功率均为100%,两组对比无明显差异（P>0.05）;观察组手术时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门恢复排气时间及住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后7 d的免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：一步法LC+LCBDE治疗慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的成功率高,可促进术后胃肠功能及肝功能恢复,提高机体免疫力,并能降低术后并发症发生率。     

Actue Cholecystitis Following Unrelated Surgery

In a series of 26 cases of acute cholecystitis occurring after an operation for an unrelated condition, 88% of the patients were over 50 years of age and males outnumbered females by 2 to 1. In some of the cases diagnosis was difficult and delay was responsible for the death of one patient. Acalculous cholecystitis occurred in 20% of the cases and in these gangrene or perforation supervened early in the course of the disease.Efforts should be directed to ensuring adequate hydration after operation; resumption of a diet low in fat may be important. Even in the absence of a history of biliary disease, there is a place for the radiological study of the biliary tract before major elective operations are performed. If gallstones are discovered on the occasion of the initial surgery, cholecystectomy should be performed whenever it is feasible. In any patient with postoperative cholecystitis early operation is generally indicated.     

Has laparoscopic cholecystectomy changed patterns of practice and patient outcome in Ontario?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) on patterns of practice (number of cholecystectomy procedures, case-mix and length of hospital stay) and patient outcomes in Ontario. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based time trends using hospital discharge data. SETTING: All acute care hospitals in Ontario where cholecystectomy was provided. PATIENTS: All 119,821 Ontario residents who underwent cholecystectomy between 1989-90 and 1993-94. After exclusions (initial bile duct exploration, cancer, incidental cholecystectomy, or missing codes for age, sex or residence) 108,442 patients remained. OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of cholecystectomy procedures, proportion of patients with acute or chronic gallstone disease, length of hospital stay, and rates of death, readmission, and bile duct injury and other in-hospital complications after cholecystectomy by year. RESULTS: The number of cholecystectomy procedures increased by 30.4% between 1989-90 and 1993-94. The number of patients with chronic gallstone disease increased by 33.6%, and the number who underwent elective surgery increased by 48.3%. The proportion of procedures performed as LC increased from 1.0% in 1990-91 to 85.6% in 1993-94. Patients who received LC tended to be younger female patients with chronic gallstone disease with no coexisting conditions undergoing elective operations. The mean length of stay, adjusted for case-mix differences, was significantly lower in 1993-94 than in 1989-90 (2.6 days v. 7.5 days) (p < 0.05); the values for LC and open cholecystectomy in 1993-94 were 1.8 days and 7.3 days respectively. The decrease in the crude death rate over the study period (0.3% to 0.2%) was not significant (relative odds 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 1.69). In 1993-94 the adjusted risk of readmission to hospital within 30 days was 1.38 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.58) as compared with 1989-90. Over the 5 years the rate of bile duct injuries tripled (0.3% in 1989-90 v. 0.9% in 1993-94). The adjusted risk of having at least one complication after cholecystectomy in 1993-94 was 1.90 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.07) as compared with 1989-90. CONCLUSIONS: LC has had a substantial effect on the number of cholecystectomy procedures performed, the type of patient having the gallbladder removed and the length of hospital stay. Death rates are unchanged, but the odds of readmission and in-hospital complications are both increased. Future research should be directed toward determining the reasons for the overall increase in rates, developing methods to reduce bile duct injuries and identifying other relevant outcomes, such as patient satisfaction with the procedure.     

腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗结石性胆囊炎疗效探讨

目的：观察腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗结石性胆囊炎的临床疗效,探讨术后并发症的发生率、患者的康复情况并评价手术的安全性。方法：选取2012年2月．2013年4月我院肝胆外科住院治疗的急性结石性胆囊炎患者100倒,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。观察组采用腹腔镜手术治疗;对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗。观察并比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、愈合时间、术后并发症及患者恢复情况等。结果：观察组手术治疗的有效率为96％,对照组为80％,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组术后出现胆心反射3例,腹腔出血l例,感染2例;对照组术后出现胆心反射3例,腹腔出血4例,感染5例,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：腹腔镜治疗结石性胆囊炎较传统开腹手术治疗术式疗效显著,术中出血较少,并发症少,术后恢复快,患者术后痛苦少,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中Rouviere沟引导定位的临床应用价值

目的:研究Rouviere沟引导定位对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用价值。方法:选择2010年7月至2014年10月在我院进行胆囊切除术的患者300例,根据手术方式不同将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组各150例。研究组患者在Rouviere沟引导下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对照组采用传统定位手术。观察并比较两组手术时间、并发症及手术效果。结果:研究组患者Rouviere沟分型为开放型89例(59.33%)、融合型32例(21.33%)、缺失型29例(19.33%),分型的性别构成存在统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组手术时间较短、并发症少和中转开腹率低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后未出现任何病例胆管损伤和手术死亡,手术后恢复较好。结论:Rouviere沟引导定位行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床效果较好,值得临床进一步推广应用。