Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) species from South America

13 species of the lichen genusCatapyrenium are reported from South America. Five species (C. analogicum, C. andicolum, C. exaratum, C. lachneoides, andC. podolepis) are described as new. A key to the species known from South America is presented. Remarks on taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the species are given.Studies on the lichen genusCatapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) III. For second part seeBreuss (1991).     

Karschia destructans: Falsch interpretierte Beziehungen zwischen zwei Flechten

Karschia destructans Tobler is recognized as a synonym ofBuellia schaereri De Not. This species is not a parasitic fungus but a lichen that suffers when growing together withChaenotheca chrysocephala (Ach.)Th. Fr. orChaenotheca phaeocephala (Turn.)Th. Fr. subsp.alpina (Nádv.)Schmidt.

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Karschia destructans: Falsch interpretierte Beziehungen zwischen zwei Flechten

     

The application and citation of the generic nameParmeliopsis (Lecanorales,Parmeliaceae)

The nomenclatural history of the generic nameParmeliopsis is reviewed. Its correct citation is found to beParmeliopsis (Nyl. exStizenb.)Nyl., dating from 1866, not 1869 as commonly cited, withP. placorodia (Ach.)Nyl. as holotype species. There is consequently no nomenclatural problem to the adoption ofForaminella Fricke Meyer, typified byF. ambigua (Wulfen)Fricke Meyer for theParmeliopsis species with falcate conidia. A synopsis of the nomenclature of the North American and European species of both these genera is included.     

Trebouxia aggregata undGloeocapsa sanguinea,Phycobionten inEuopsis granatina (Lichinaceae)

The green algaTrebouxia aggregata (Archibald)Gärtner (Chlorellales) and the procaryotic blue-green alga (cyanobacterium)Gloeocapsa sanguinea (C. Agardh)Kütz. emend.Jaag (Chroococcales) are reported to be the phycobionts inEuopsis granatina (Sommerf.)Nyl. (Lichinaceae). The ultrastructure of the two organisms, studied in the lichen thallus, is described.

Frau Prof. Dr.Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Cephalodiate Arten der GattungLecidea sensu lato (Ascomycetes lichenisati)

(1) The ability to produce cephalodia is usually a genus-specific character in lichens. (2)Lecidea shushanii Thoms., is a member of the genusTephromela, closely related toT. aglaea. It is not clear, whether or not the cephalodia of this taxon are true cephalodia or colonies of epiphytic cyanobacteria and whether or notLecidea shushanii is an independent species. (3)Lecidea dovrensis Nyl., is, in contrast to the traditional concept, not conspecific withLecidea alpestris Sommerf., but an earlier name forLecidea pallida Th. Fr. (4)Lecidea dovrensis is described in some detail. Chemically the species is characterized by the presence of isousnic acid (previously unknown in lecideoid lichens). It is restricted to areas north of the 60th parallel with an oceanic climate. (5) In connection with the attempt to clarify the taxonomic relationships ofLecidea dovrensis, figures of ascus apical structures of the following species are given (marked by an asterisk are genera where we found discrepancies with published data):Austrolecia antarctica, Catillaria chalybeia, Lecidea alpestris, L. caesioatra, L. limosa, Lecidoma demissum, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Micarea assimilata, M. crassipes, M. melaenida, M. prasina, Pilophorus robustus, Placodiella olivacea, Placolecis opaca, Porpidia trullisata, Protoblastenia rupestris, Psilolechia lucida, Psorula rufonigra, Squamarina gypsacea, Xanthopsorella texana. (6) Among crustaceous lichens we find no groups related toLecidea dovrensis. We supportTimal's concept of including this species in the genusPilophorus. Pilophorus, as well asLecidea dovrensis is characterized by the same ascus type, by a similar structure of thallus, cephalodia, paraphyses, and ascocarp (although there is no pseudopodetium developed inLecidea dovrensis), and the presence of isousnic acid. In addition, both taxa are restricted to cool oceanic climates and non-calciferous substrates. The following combination is proposed:Pilophorus dovrensis (Nyl.)Timdal, Hertel & Rambold, comb. nova. (7) The species of theLecidea alpestris-group form an independent genus, probably near toAustrolecia Hertel.

Frau Prof. Dr.Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

A phylogenetic analysis of the lichen familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales); a new generic classification and notes on character evolution

A phylogenetic analysis of the familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales, lichenized ascomycetes) has resulted in a new generic classification. Notes on character evolution are given. The generaSphaerophorus s. str.,Bunodophoron andLeifidium, gen. nov., are accepted.Pleurocybe andPseudosphaerophorus are considered synonyms ofBunodophoron andThysanophoron is considered synonym toSphaerophorus. The following new combinations are proposed:Bunodophoron coomerense (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. diplotypum (Vain.)Wedin,B. dodgei (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. flaccidum (Kantvilas & Wedin)Wedin,B. formosanum (Zahlbr.)Wedin,B. imshaugii (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. insigne (Laurer)Wedin,B. kinabaluense (M. Satô)Wedin,B. macrocarpum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. madagascareum (Nyl.)Wedin,B. microsporum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. murrayi (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. notatum (Tibell)Wedin,B. ohlssonii (Wedin)Wedin,B. patagonicum (C. W. Dodge)Wedin,B. ramuliferum (I. M. Lamb)Wedin,B. scrobiculatum (C. Bab.)Wedin,B. tibellii (Wedin)Wedin,B. whakapapaense (Wedin)Wedin, andLeifidium tenerum (Laurer)Wedin.     

Mallomonas robusta (Chrysophyceae,Synuraceae): Electron microscopical study of silica armour

Mallomonas robusta (Matvienko)Péterfi & Momeu (Mallomonopsis robusta) has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and is redescribed in detail. Its silica armour, consisting of scales and bristles, exhibits a very peculiar fine structural pattern. Differences and possible relationships with other species are discussed. The Romanian material is designated as the nomenclatural type (neotype).     

Drei neue moosbewohnende Ascomyceten

The following three species of parastiticascomycetes are described, illustrated and discussed in detail:Octosporella ptilidii spec. nova (Pezizales) onPtilidium ciliare from Switzerland,Nectria mnii spec. nova (Hypocreales) onPlagiomnium medium from Switzerland, andPhilobryon anuliferum gen. et spec. nov. (Dothideales) onPleurozia gigantea from New Guinea. The species are known only from the type collections. It is shown that the hyphae present an array of important characters which deserve the same attention as the fruiting bodies.

Frau Prof. Dr.Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Chemical variation in two species of theLecanora subfusca group (Lecanoraceae,lichenizedAscomycotina)

The chemical variation inLecanora epibryon andL. subimmersa, two species of theL. subfusca group, has been examined. In both species the chemical differences are correlated with geographical distribution, but not with morphological differences. As a consequence the chemotypes are recognized at subspecific level. InL. epibryon three chemical races are segregated according to the various chemosyndromes present. Subspeciesepibryon, containing atranorin and triterpenoids, occurs in the northern hemisphere and South America, while the other two subspecies occur only in the southern hemisphere. The subsp.broccha (Nyl.)Lumbsch, comb. nova, contains atranorin, the stictic acid and the 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone chemosyndromes, while subsp.xanthophora Lumbsch, subsp. nova, is similar but lacks the stictic acid chemosyndrome. Two chemical races occur in the pantropical speciesL. subimmersa. While subsp.subimmersa contains atranorin and zeorin, subsp.ramboldii Lumbsch & Elix, subsp. nova, contains an additional ten chlorinated xanthones.L. impressa is reduced to synonymy toL. subimmersa.     

Biometrische Untersuchungen an Populationen vonOphrys cornuta,O. holosericea und ihren Hybriden (Orchidaceae)

Population variability ofOphrys holosericea (Burm. f.)Greut. subsp.holosericea (=O. fuciflora Crantz subsp.fuciflora) from near Vienna (Austria), and of subsp.maxima (Fleischm.)Greut. andO. cornuta Steven with intermediates from the Dalmatian island Hvar (Yugoslavia) was analysed and illustrated by scatter diagrams. A hybrid origin of these intermediates is suggested. Aspects of hybridization betweenO. holosericea agg. andO. scolopax agg. are discussed.

     

Orchis prisca (Orchidaceae), eine neue Art aus Kreta

Orchis prisca Hautzinger is described as a new diploid species from Crete, related toO. patens andO. spitzelii.

     

Sphaeria ordinata Fr.,Zignoëlla dolichospora Sacc. undWinteria subcoerulescens (Nyl.)Rehm

Zusammenfassung Sphaeria ordinata Fr. ist vermutlich eineWinteria-Art und hat als solcheW. ordinata (Fr.)Sacc. zu heißen. Die Beschreibung vonSaccardo (1883) entspricht aber der Deutung vonBroome, der mit diesem NamenZignoëlla dolichospora Sacc. bezeichnet.Winteria Rehm ist von der FlechtengattungMicroglaena entgegen v.Höhnels (1909 c) Behauptung eindeutig verschieden. BeiW. subcoerulescens (Nyl.)Rehm ist nach Färbung mit Anilinblau-Milchsäure ein deutlicher Apikalapparat vom Reusentypus zu erkennen.     

Drei neue Arten desFestuca ovina-Formenkreises (Poaceae) aus dem Osten Österreichs

WithinFestuca ovina agg. two hexaploid taxa:F. brevipila andF. carnuntina, and one tetraploid:F. eggleri, are described as new species.F. pseudovina Hack. exWiesb. is better treated asF. valesiaca Schleich. exGaudin subsp.parviflora (Hack.), comb. nova.

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Drei neue Arten desFestuca ovina-Formenkreises (Poaceae) aus dem Osten Österreichs

     

Amorphophallus nicolsonianus (Araceae), a new species from India

Amorphophallus nicolsonianus species nova, with cylindrical or napiform corms, is the only representative of the sect.Rapyogkos in India. All the other hitherto known species of this region have globose or depressed globose corms. The new species is related to some Indochinese species and toA. hildebrandtii ( Engl.)Engl. & Gehrm. from Madagascar.     

Pelargonium caroli-henrici (Geraniaceae), a new species from the Western Cape Province

Pelargonium caroli-henrici spec. nova (sect.Hoarea) is described. The new species is apparently endemic to quartzite areas of Vanrhynsdorp Division in the western Cape Province (South Africa). The chromosome number 2n = 22 was counted on specimens in cultivation.Dedicated to Prof.K. H. Rechinger on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Some interesting agarics from eastern Austria

Four very rare species ofAgaricales of dry grassland of the Galgenberg near Röschitz (Niederösterreich) are described and their taxonomy, affinities, ecology and distribution are discussed.Marasmiellus graminis (Murr.)Sing. & Hausknecht andCrinipellis subtomentosa (Peck.)Sing. var.mauretanica (Mre.)Sing. & Hausknecht are proposed as new combinations;Campanella inquilina Romagn. apudRedhead is a synonym ofC. caesia Romagn.     

Populationsstatistische Analysen bestätigen die Heterogeneität vonOphrys „arachnitiformis“ (Orchidaceae)

Statistical population analyses have been carried out on so-calledOphrys arachnitiformis, partly sympatricO. sphecodes s. l. as well as on other species ofOphrys (O. holosericea, O. exaltata, O. apulica, O. cornuta, O. biscutella, O. bertolonii, O. bertoloniiformis.). Altogether 63 populations with 521 individuals were studied in regard to 54 morphological parameters. — It can be shown thatO. arachnitiformis is an extremely heterogeneous assemblage which includes taxa of most diverse origin, different degrees of stability and nomenclatorial rank. Only common trait is their very diverse relationships withO. specodes s.l.—The basionymO. arachnitiformis Gren. & Phil. refers to a colour variant ofO. sphecodes Mill. subsp.sphecodes only, and is not applicable to other segments of the assemblage.A late flowering, morphologically and biologically well isolated group of populations from southern France without any perceptible hybrid influence is established as a new species:Ophrys splendida Gölz & Reinhard. Populations from north and central Italy with distinct characters but hybrid influences fromO. holosericea/O. exaltata are calledO. tyrrhena Gölz & Reinhard.O. morisii, an endemic to Sardinia, represents an independent species of still obscure evolution. The hybrid interpretation ofO. catalaunica is statistically corroborated, but somewhat modified. For the remaining segments ofO. arachnitiformis investigated (from Castilia, Dalmatia, and the Monte Gargano) no formal taxonomic proposals are made, but some suggestions about their genesis are possible.

     

Three new species ofGalium (Rubiaceae) from Pakistan

Three new species ofGalium from the NW. Himalaya in Pakistan are described and illustrated.Dedicated to Prof.K. H. Rechinger on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Additional new taxa ofRubiaceae for the Flora of Turkey

A new species ofCruciata and a new subspecies ofGalium are described and discussed with regard to their affinities. Two new combinations are required for geographical races ofRubia tenuifolia. Galium lovcense Urum. has priority overG. protopycnotrichum Ehrend. & Krendl.