THE DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LIGNIN IN THE LEMNACEAE

Lignification characteristics of 14 species of Lemnaceae were studied by the alkaline oxidation technique in an attempt to resolve conflicting reports of the presence of lignin and to provide chemotaxonomic data for supplementing previous systematic treatments. Four species of Spirodela, eight of Lemna, Wolffiella oblonga, and Wolffia microscopica were clonally subcultured, homogenized, exhaustively extracted and the insoluble residue oxidized in alkaline cupric hydroxide. Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Elodea densa and Spirogyra sp. were examined to validate the technique. The benzaldehydes were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated spectrophotometrically. Recovery of syringaldehyde, vanillin, and to a lesser extent p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, was accepted as evidence that these plants are lignified. The highest yields of syringaldehyde and vanillin were recovered from S. intermedia, the largest member of the Lemnaceae. Lesser amounts were obtained from S. polyrhiza and S. oligorhiza. Spirodela biperforata yielded no syringaldehyde which substantiates its distinctiveness from the morphologically similar S. polyrhiza. All Lemna species are nerved, yet vanillin (but not syringaldehyde) was recovered only from L. trinervis, L. perpusilla, L. minor, and L. minima. The species L. trisulca, L. gibba, L. obscura, and L. valdiviano yielded only p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Thus the presence of nerves is not evidence for lignification within the genus Lemna, and the relationships suggested by their gross morphology are not supported by their lignin chemistry. Wolffiella is non-lignified by these criteria. Wolffia microscopica is the smallest flowernig plant and it has no nerves; vanillin was unexpectedly recovered and microscopic examination showed highly lignified anther walls.     

鄂中一些被子植物硅化木研究

本文研究了我国首次在长江北岸,湖北省新洲县发现的新生代晚第三纪大戟科、豆科和樟科的被子植物硅化木。这些硅化木的发现和鉴定,反映了该地区当时较为炎热潮湿的气候环境,并为长江流域新生代的地质、古气候、古地理、古生物群演变等方面的研究,提供了论据。     

热泉微生物化石的识别研究及其科学意义

现代海底热液喷口以及许多陆地热泉周围生活着密集的生物群落。热液生态系统的初级生产者嗜热细菌和古细菌(Archaea),其初级能量来源是由地球深部上升喷出流体提供的化学能。围绕现代热泉微生物及其与地史时期热泉微生物化石的对比研究表明,它们具有相似结构特征。研究微生物成矿机制和微生物化石化作用,以及沉积物中由生物化学作用产生的生物标志,不仅有助于探讨海底热液活动的规律性和成矿机制,也可以为鉴别古老岩石和地外矿物中生命现象提供更多更详细的鉴定标志,对于理解生命起源和地外生命都有重要的理论意义。     

鄂中一些被子植物硅化木研究

报道了我国武汉市新洲县阳逻镇北部晚第三纪(距今2000—250万年)出土的武汉楸木(新种,Catalpa wuha(?)e(?)sis sp.nov.)和武汉石梓(新种,Gmelina wuhanensis sp.nov.)被子植物硅化木。这些被子植物硅化木的发现更进一步证实了该地区当时是较为炎热和潮湿的气候环境。此外,对1987年发表于《植物学报》上初步鉴定为樟科及豆科的硅化木,进一步确定为武汉樟木(新种,Laurinoxylon,(?)uhanensis sp.nov.)和顶果木(Acrocarpus frax(?)-folius)。     

方差分析在台木类木化石鉴定中的应用

本文用方差分析区别具台木类木材的三个种：太原台木(Dadoxylon taiyuanensis),生根无髓根（Amyelon radicans)和徐氏无髓根（A.xui),并同国外的种比较,结果表明,用这种方法能定量地研究植物性状之间的区别,并得到较好的效果。     

浙江淡水维管束植物的区系特点与地理分布

根据15年的调查结果,对浙江省水生维管束植物的区系与地理分布特点进行了研究。已知浙江有水生维管束植物150种,隶属于78属,42科。将78属归纳为11个分布区类型,以世界分布类型所占比例最高,热带分布属总数多于温带分布属,泛热带分布和北温带分布比例非常高。将150种植物归纳为13个分布区类型,温带分布远多于热带分布,以东亚分布类型最为突出,体现了中国－日本植物区系的明显特征,探讨了浙江水生植物的水平地带性和垂直地带性分布规律,其分布不仅与气候带有关,更与水生的生境的分布格局有关。最后,报浙江水生植物濒危种的受威胁状况。     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORA AND AN OUTLINE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS IN HUBEI PROVINCE, PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF CHINA

Hubei is one of the Chinese. provinces rich in plants, especially in western Hubei where there are great areas of original forest that are well known both in China and abroad. Since the 1880's they have attracted the interests of botanists, and many Chinese and foreign botanists have made expeditions,