全球转基因大豆专利信息分析与技术展望

转基因大豆作为目前转基因作物推广种植面积最广的作物,在保障人类油料与饲料供给上发挥着重要作用。基于智慧芽数据库(PatSnap)对欧盟、美国及中国等国家地区1985~2016年收录的全球转基因大豆技术领域专利文献进行统计分析,得出全球转基因大豆专利信息的总体发展趋势、研发热点及技术分布与格局,并对比分析了我国转基因大豆研发的竞争力,对未来转基因大豆的产业发展提出了展望。     

全球转基因玉米专利信息分析与技术展望 *

转基因玉米是当前全球第二大转基因作物,在保障人类能源、饲料、工业等方面发挥着重要作用。基于智慧芽数据库(PatSnap)对欧盟、美国及中国等国家或地区收录的1985~2018年全球转基因玉米技术领域专利文献进行统计分析,得出全球转基因玉米专利技术发展的总体趋势、技术分布与格局及研发热点,并对比分析了国内外主要研发单位转基因玉米研发的竞争力,对未来转基因玉米的产业发展提出了展望。     

基于Innography的血糖仪专利情报研究

血糖仪是监测血糖的仪器,能够迅速、便利、准确地监测自身血糖水平,对机体血糖平衡起着重要的监控作用。随着近年来糖尿病发病率的不断升高,血糖仪相关技术得到极大的重视和发展,血糖仪相关领域的研究也随之成为热点,具有较高的学术价值和极其广阔的应用前景。本文对Innography数据库收录的4,332件血糖仪相关专利数据进行了分析,分别从专利申请和授权的年度趋势,发明人所在地,专利申请地,专利技术生命周期,联合专利分类体系分布以及专利权人等角度深入分析了血糖仪领域专利的整体产出情况、技术成熟度、重点技术领域以及研发机构情况等。研究表明,血糖仪相关技术经过近15年的快速发展已进入平稳发展阶段;罗氏、强生和雅培等全球市场占有率较高的企业都在大量申请相关专利,以达到利用专利屏障实现市场垄断的目的;美国在血糖仪领域的研究和应用优势非常明显,其技术研发能力最强,实力居世界首位;中国的专利数量较多但技术分散,缺少世界级顶尖企业,许多研发活动是在大学和研究所开展,其血糖仪市场在未来具有很好的应用前景。     

干细胞领域研究、开发及市场的全球态势分析

干细胞由于其巨大的研究和应用潜力而成为全球关注焦点。许多国家的政府、研究机构和企业对其加大投入,并取得了巨大的进展。与干细胞相关的论文和专利数量在2001年后均快速增加,其临床和临床前研究的数量也越来越多,但目前仍以脐血干细胞项目为主。美国在干细胞研究领域的各个方面均处于世界顶级地位。中国与干细胞相关的论文和专利数量也居世界前十位,但没有一家机构居世界先进行列,也缺乏新产品研发。面对美国相关政策的放宽所带来的格局变化,中国应该积极应对。     

全球人冠状病毒抗体领域研发现状与发展趋势

抗体在疾病的诊断、治疗和预防方面发挥着重要作用。随着2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的肺炎不断传播,如何研发针对该病毒的抗体迫在眉睫。基于IncoPat数据库的专利信息和Cortellis数据库的药物信息,采用定量分析与定性调研相结合的方法,从申请趋势、技术分布、国家/地区分布、机构分布以及市场现状等维度对人冠状病毒抗体领域的专利进行态势分析。结果表明美国是专利技术拥有量最大的国家,中国是专利保护的重点国家。中国科学院等3家国内机构进入全球前十位。人冠状病毒抗体产品研发主要以SARS和MERS为主,部分MERS抗体已进入临床阶段。研究结果为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的相关抗体研发提供数据参考与决策支撑。     

基于Innography的黄精利用技术态势及热点分析

黄精是我国传统中药,具有重要的药用价值、食用价值和经济开发价值。基于Innography专利分析平台,从专利申请、专利布局、专利技术来源、竞争态势、IPC技术类别等角度对全球和中国黄精研发的发展态势进行探讨,并在挖掘该领域核心专利的基础上,进一步分析核心专利的来源国家、专利权人及技术热点状况。研究表明,全球黄精研发正处于快速发展时期,中国拥有该领域大量专利,并掌握了绝大多数核心专利,黄精专利主要由企业申请,相关技术主要集中在青岛、浙江和山东的四家企业,申请领域主要分布在IPC-A部,其方向主要为包含黄精的草药配方、活性物质提取和含酒精饮品的开发。研究可为全面了解黄精研发的发展状况,制定科学的产业发展政策提供重要参考。     

生物能源领域国际相关专利分析

随着石油资源的日益枯竭,近年来生物能源技术的开发引起了全球各界的广泛重视,加之专利保护意识的增强,生物能源领域的专利数量迅速增长,对专利信息的分析可以了解生物能源技术的发展现状和趋势,为技术创新和战略发展提供参考。本文选取目前生物能源中的三种重要技术――生物乙醇、生物柴油和生物制氢技术,利用专利计量分析的方法对其发展态势进行了研究。研究内容包括：专利申请的时间分布和空间分布,被引专利情况,主要技术领域,以及重要专利权人及其相关信息,从专利分析的角度揭示近年来这三种生物能源技术的研发状况。     

基于专利分析的生物医药技术发展研究

以德温特世界专利索引 (Derwent World Patents Index) 中收录的1980—2012年全球范围内申请的生物医药相关专利数据为基础,使用Thomson Innovation工具,通过计量排序、可视化聚类、引证统计等分析方法,揭示了生物医药4大领域——抗体药物、疫苗、核酸药物及干细胞技术的发展现状和趋势,以期为我国生物医药企业研发策略及宏观产业政策的制定提供有价值的参考。     

国际生物技术专利计量分析

目的:通过对近10年全球生物技术专利的文献计量分析,了解其年度分布、国家/地区分布、机构分布和技术热点分布等,结合产业现状,讨论我国在生物技术专利方面的实力和在全球的位置,以期为我国生物技术的研发和产业发展提供参考。方法:在Derwent Innovation Index数据库中检索2001～2010年的生物技术专利,用TDA软件进行数据分析。结果:国际生物技术专利的数量从1996～2002年呈快速增长趋势,2002年后缓慢下降;生物技术专利中的80%分布在美国、日本和中国,集中程度高;申请数排名前20位的专利权人主要分布在美国、日本和中国;专利的技术热点有方法研究、生物医药和治疗研究、生物大分子研究等。美国、日本、欧洲研究机构的专利基础性较中国强,且更加注重产品开发。结论:我国的生物技术专利数量排名靠前值得欣喜,然而在专利的基础性及专利应用于产品转化方面,与美、日、欧等发达国家/地区仍有差距,我国生物技术研发应更加重视基础性研究,同时不断推动生物技术专利的转化。     

基于专利分析的肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术研究

肿瘤目前成为人类健康和生命的重要危胁,肿瘤基因诊断是对肿瘤的各种原癌基因、抑癌基因进行检测,聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术是目前临床基因诊断应用最广泛的诊断技术,具有普及率高、特异性好、简便快捷等特点。肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术可以用于已知基因突变的检测,快速了解突变状态,有效制定治疗方案,为肿瘤患者带来福音。本研究主要基于专利数据,对肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术进行分析,探讨了全球与中国在肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术领域的发展现状与趋势。在Innography数据库共检索到PCR技术相关专利16,939件,专利家族6,285件。在肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术领域中,荧光定量PCR技术占比较大,约占肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术总量的三分之一。从技术技术生命周期来看,肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术目前仍处在高速发展阶段。美国是肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术的发展领先国家。该技术的主要来源国为美国,全球42.09%的专利来自美国,同时美国也是同族专利的主要分布地区。在肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术领域,排名前15位的顶尖机构中,来自美国的机构有7所。中国在肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术领域起步较晚,但发展迅速,在该技术领域申请的专利数量仅次于美国。中国申请的肿瘤基因PCR诊断技术的专利绝大多数都只在中国进行专利保护,并没有布局全球市场的意愿。     

干细胞专利价值评估与转移转化对策研究 *

Objective: To construct an indicator model for stem cell patent evaluation and to analyze the factors affecting stem cell patent transfer and transformation in real scenarios besides the indicators.Methods:Based on the Patent Value Analysis Indicator System edited by China Technology Exchange, a patent evaluation system suitable for stem cells patents was constructed. The weight was determined by AHP, and the operability of the indicator model was verified by case analysis.Results:Based on the technical characteristics of stem cell technologies and operability, an indicator system for evaluating stem cell patents was constructed, which included three first-level indicators including technical value, market value and legal value, and nine second-level indicators such as technological advancement, technological maturity, technological cost, et al. Technological advancement, technological maturity, policy adaptability and market demand were the four most influential indicators for the valuation of stem cell patents. In the analysis of other factors, the core advantage of the stem cell technologies was the key to affect the transformation of stem cell patents. In addition, technical feasibility, quality control and long-term benefits also had important impact on the successful transfer and transformation of stem cell technologies.Conclusion:The patent value evaluation model and factor analysis established can be used in stem cell patent evaluation, which is helpful to promote the effective development and industrialization of the patent technology.     

Evolution of normal and neoplastic tissue stem cells: progress after Robert Hooke

The appearance of stem cells coincides with the transition from single-celled organisms to metazoans. Stem cells are capable of self-renewal as well as differentiation. Each tissue is maintained by self-renewing tissue-specific stem cells. The accumulation of mutations that lead to preleukaemia are in the blood-forming stem cell, while the transition to leukaemia stem cells occurs in the clone at a progenitor stage. All leukaemia and cancer cells escape being removed by scavenger macrophages by expressing the ''don''t eat me'' signal CD47. Blocking antibodies to CD47 are therapeutics for all cancers, and are currently being tested in clinical trials in the US and UK.     

United States patent prior art rules and the neem controversy: a case of subject-matter imperialism?

A recent United States patent covering an improvement to the naturally-occurring pesticide in neem tree seed oil might have been rejected as 'obvious' if United States patent law recognized certain forms of prior inventive activity on a par with similar activity occurring within the United States' borders. But the US only recognizes prior 'knowledge, use or invention' as blocking a claim to a patent when those activities take place within US borders, or are evidenced by publications accessible in the US, or, more commonly, by foreign patents. Neither of these last forms of tangible 'prior art' is likely to be available to block patents on biodiversity inventions – most notably because of the fact that most developing nations do not allow patents on pharmaceutical or agricultural inventions, categories subsuming most biodiversity-related advances. Although the United States patent only has direct force within the United States, it is nonetheless highly significant to this global dispute, since the United States and other developed nations stand to be the major markets for the end-products of neem. This paper argues that the border-drawing distinctions in US patent law are archaic, counter to stated policy directives and are disproportionately influencing the developing world's stance towards GATT and its intellectual property rights provisions.     

Tube Formation Potential of BMSCs and USSCs in Response to HIF-1α Overexpression under Hypoxia

Despite numerous studies on therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, their mechanism of action remains ambiguous. Due to the scarce of investigations based on different stem cell sources with known inherent molecular differences, present study compare tube formation of Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells with known reported different Hox gene expression profile in response to HIF-1α overexpression under hypoxia. This might shed light on some parameters for selection of more responsive source with improved therapeutic effects. Superior in vitro tube formation on Matrigel substratum has been observed by Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells compared to Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells which might possibly be due to the discriminating molecular properties of stem cell sources. It may help choosing the appropriate stem cell type for a given therapeutic expectations and also suggests some potential targets for future genetic modification of stem cells.     

从文献计量学角度评价干细胞技术治疗糖尿病发展历程

目的通过分析干细胞技术治疗糖尿病科技论文被国际权威检索工具PubMed收录情况,以评价干细胞技术治疗糖尿病的发展历程及应用前景。方法应用文献计量学和数理统计方法对PubMed收录干细胞技术治疗糖尿病领域科技论文进行统计分析。结果PubMed一共收录干细胞技术治疗糖尿病领域科技论文1413篇;美国、中国、日本3个地区发文量领先于其他地区;排名前三的发文机构为哈佛大学、加利福尼亚大学、东京大学和佛罗里达大学;国际期刊分布中Diabetes、Diabetologia、Stem Cells位列前三甲;高频被引文献集中在美国;主题分布中高频主题词有间充质干细胞、胚胎干细胞、造血干细胞、骨髓细胞等。结论干细胞技术治疗糖尿病起步于1971年,于2000年后快速发展,随着医学技术的发展和研究的深人,随着干细胞技术的日益成熟,彻底治疗糖尿病指日可待。     

Proteome biology of stem cells

The notion that integration of cutting-edge technologies in stem cell research would be enhanced by proteomic analyses has emanated from rapid advances in proteome technology. These advances have increased the probability that basic properties of stem cells will be elucidated more effectively, leading to acceleration toward novel stem cell therapies. We have therefore sought to establish a world-wide alliance of proteomics and stem cell researchers, which has resulted in the foundation of an initiative supported by the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) and the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) called the Proteome Biology of Stem Cells Initiative. Here we report on the rationale and goals of this initiative.     

An assessment of emerging molecular farming activities based on patent analysis (2002∼2006)

The products of Plant Molecular Farming are recombinant proteins or their metabolic products. In this study, patent data was employed to assess industrial trend in the research and innovation process of Plant Molecular Farming within national and international context. The US Patent and Trade Organization (USPTO), the European Patent Office (EPO) issued a total of 585 patents covering Plant Molecular Farming from 2002 through 2006. By nationality, US inventors predominated as recipients of PMF patents, followed by Germany, Denmark, and Japan. The PMF patents were catagorized in five major areas of research namely pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals with 170 patents (31%) and plant expression tools and methods for alternative production systems with 169 patents (29%) were the dominating patent applications, followed by 102 patent claims associated with antibodies (17%), 71 patents of industrial molecules (12%), 48 patents of vaccines (8%), and finally 18 patents related to post-translational protein glycosylation (3%). The greatest proportion of patentees was of US origin (52%), and PMF associated patenting activities at the USPTO and EPO were dominated with 67% by private organizations. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.     

基于专利信息分析的中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化研究*

目的:基于专利信息对我国3D生物打印技术的发展态势进行分析。方法:本文基于incopat和TDA两大专利分析平台对中国3D生物打印的专利发展态势从专利统计分析与专利计量分析两个维度进行了跨库组合分析,总结了我国3D生物打印技术的专利前沿动态特征。结果:研究发现,中国3D生物打印技术从2013年起进入专利激增态势,中国作为潜在技术市场的国际竞争日趋激烈,本文还从专利申请人、技术领域分布、专利文本关键词聚类、专利价值、专利合作等方面进行了深度挖掘分析。结论:最后,结合对中国3D生物打印专利申请人的专利产业化案例深度分析与专利特征总结,为中国3D生物打印技术发展与产业化提供参考建议。