He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射下小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化的缓解作用

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW/mm2)辐照增强UV-B辐射(10.08 kJ/m2.d)的晋麦8号小麦幼苗,通过测定小麦幼苗叶片细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及脂氧合酶(LOX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷光苷肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的活性变化,研究He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射的小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响。结果显示,He-Ne激光辐照可使经UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、MDA含量、LOX活性降低,而使CAT、APX和GPX的活性均升高。分析表明UV-B辐射增强可导致膜脂过氧化加剧,而一定剂量的He-Ne激光能够通过促进酶促抗氧化系统酶的活性来缓解紫外线辐射下小麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用。     

He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗增强UV-B辐射损伤的修复研究

分别采用5mW·mm-2He-Ne激光辐照和增强UV-B辐射(10.08kJ·m-2·d-1)及其二者组合对晋麦8号小麦幼苗进行处理,5d后测定各处理幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的变化以分析He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗受增强UV-B损伤的修复作用.结果显示:He-Ne激光辐照可使UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量增加,谷氨酸脱氢酶活性增强,而使硝酸还原酶活性先升高后降低.表明小麦幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白、谷氨酸脱氢酶、硝酸还原酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤修复的能力相关,一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗氮代谢水平的辐射损伤.     

He—Ne激光对UV—B辐射小麦幼苗糖代谢的影响

分别采用5 mW·mm-2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ·m-2·d-1 增强UV-B辐射及二者组合对"晋麦8号"小麦幼苗进行处理,测定各处理幼苗叶片可溶性糖、还原性糖、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS) 以及α,β-淀粉酶的变化.研究分析He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射引起小麦损伤的修复效应.结果表明:He-Ne激光辐照可使UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗可溶性糖含量升高,还原性糖含量降低,SS,SPS活力降低,α,β-淀粉酶活力升高.该结果同时表明可溶性糖、还原性糖、SS、SPS、α,β-淀粉酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤修复的能力相关,一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗糖代谢的辐射损伤.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦细胞膜的影响

采用He-Ne激光 5mW·mm-2 辐照方法,对增强UV-B 10.08kJ·m-2·d-1 辐射小麦细胞膜损伤进行修复的研究.结果表明:经He-Ne激光和UV-B复合处理后,小麦细胞膜表面电荷的电泳速度高于UV-B处理组,小麦的MDA含量比单独UV-B辐射后的低,SOD酶的活性增强.说明He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射复合处理后可使小麦的氧化酶活性增强,从而使MDA的浓度降低,小麦细胞膜损伤得到了一定程度的修复.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦幼苗多胺氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的研究

采用He-Ne激光辐照对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗的损伤修复作用进行了研究。小麦种子在盛有湿滤纸的培养皿内25℃下进行萌发。萌发后小麦幼苗在经10.08 kJ·m^-2·d^-1的增强UV-B辐射,然后再用5 mW·mm^-2的He-Ne激光进行辐照。通过小麦幼苗叶片游离脯氨酸含量、多胺氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性变化,测定了He-Ne激光对小麦UV-B损伤的修复情况。结果表明,游离脯氨酸、多胺氧化酶、过氧化物酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤的修复的能力相关联。He-Ne激光辐照可使由增强UV-B辐射后诱导叶片升高的游离脯氨酸含量降低。增强UV-B辐射对多胺氧化酶（PAO）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性呈促进的作用。辐射6 d后PAO和POD总的活性呈正相关性,PAO和POD活性都呈现B组最高,L组最低,且差异显著。显示He-Ne激光对两种酶由于增强UV-B辐照造成的伤害有一定的修复。     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗微管结合蛋白MAP65s的影响

分别采用5 mW/mm2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ/m2·d 增强UV-B辐射及二者组合对"临优2018"小麦幼苗进行处理,通过紫外吸收法测定各处理组幼苗中微管结合蛋白MAP65s的含量,并且采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对MAP65s蛋白进行鉴定,进一步分析He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射引起的小麦幼苗微管骨架损伤的修复效应.结果显示:经UV-B处理(B)后,小麦幼苗中的MAP65s蛋白含量低于对照组(CK)(P<0.01);单独激光(L)处理,MAP65s蛋白含量高于对照组(CK)(P<0.05);经He-Ne激光和UV-B复合处理(BL)后,MAP65s蛋白含量高于UV-B处理组,低于CK组.该结果表明:一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照能够促进小麦幼苗微管结合蛋白MAP65s的合成,并且可能在一定程度上修复增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗微管骨架系统造成的损伤.     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼叶叶绿素荧光和Rubisco活化酶的影响

选用小麦‘ML7113’品种为材料,人工模拟He-Ne激光(5mJ·s-1·mm-2)、增强UV-B(10.8kJ·m-2·d-1)辐射及两者复合辐照进行处理,利用叶绿素荧光仪、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法和PCR技术研究7d龄小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性、Rubisco活化酶含量、基因表达量及其基因序列的变化。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,增强UV-B辐射后,小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性减弱,Rubisco活化酶含量及其基因表达量均下降;而低剂量的He-Ne激光辐照后能够在一定程度上修复经UV-B辐射后对小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性所造成的损伤,且使Rubisco活化酶含量及其基因表达量上升。(2)与对照组相比,经He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射以及两者复合辐照处理后基因序列均出现两个相同的点突变,但并未造成氨基酸序列的变化。研究认为,低剂量He-Ne激光辐照能够在一定程度上修复受UV-B辐射小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光活性、Rubisco活化酶含量及其基因表达量的降低;He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗Rubisco活化酶活性的影响可能发生在其转录水平,从而使小麦光合能力发生相应的变化。     

增强UV-B及He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗"翘根"现象的诱导与修复机制

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW.mm-2)辐照方法,对增强UV-B(10.08 kJ.m-2.d-1)辐射小麦‘93-4736’幼苗损伤进行修复研究。结果表明:增强UV-B辐射导致小麦根细胞有丝分裂减弱,降低根尖吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性,增加根弯曲部位H 外流,引起小麦“翘根”现象。而He-Ne激光辐照处理增强UV-B辐射后的小麦,可增加根尖吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性,减少根弯曲部位H 外流,减轻“翘根”现象的发生。说明增强UV-B辐射对小麦根尖生长素的影响是造成小麦“翘根”现象形成的重要原因之一,He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射造成的小麦“翘根”损伤有一定程度的修复作用。     

INFLUENCE OF He-Ne LASER IRRADIATION ON PROTECTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS BY DROUGHT STRESS DAMAGE

 用He-Ne激光(5.23 mW·mm^–2)处理经5%、10%、15% PEG6000胁迫的小麦幼苗, 分析了干旱胁迫条件下激光处理对小麦幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响。适度干旱胁迫的小麦幼苗经He-Ne激光辐照后, 丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧自由基(O₂^–.)产生速率显著降低(p<0.05), 而过氧化物酶(POD)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量却显著增加(p<0.05)。总体上看, 5%和10% PEG6000胁迫的小麦幼苗经激光辐照3 min后抗旱性增强。     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗类囊体捕光色素的影响

采用5mW.mm-2He-Ne激光辐照、10.08kJ.m-2d-1UV-B辐射及二者组合对冬小麦幼苗进行处理。通过测定叶绿体捕光色素含量和色素蛋白组成的变化,进一步探讨He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗类囊体捕光色素损伤的修复效应。循环处理小麦幼苗4d,利用90%乙醇和80%丙酮分别提取各处理组小麦幼苗叶片中的叶绿素,通过纸层析和分光光度法检测捕光色素含量的变化,并探讨不同处理对叶绿素与蛋白质结合牢固性的影响。利用柱层析法测定色素蛋白的主要成分。研究表明:与对照组相比,增强UV-B辐照后小麦幼苗捕光色素总含量降低了17.76%,叶绿素和蛋白质结合牢固度显著降低,色素蛋白的组成也发生变化,D1和D2蛋白质条带消失;而一定剂量He-Ne激光辐照可使增强UV-B辐射后的叶绿体色素含量增加约10.64%,但仍低于ck组约8.12%,叶绿素和蛋白质结合牢固度也显著高于B组,色素蛋白的组成与对照组相似。因此,低剂量的He-Ne激光辐照对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗类囊体捕光色素的损伤具有促进修复效应。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.