趣话槟榔

在海南,槟榔(Areca cathecu)具有浓郁的民族特色,人们这样描写槟榔:春天打苞犹如少女含情,夏天开花吐放馥香,秋天结果色赛绿玉,冬天采收如获至宝。海南南部的黎族人,男婚女嫁时仍沿袭吃槟榔的习俗,采下或购买回槟榔后,每个撕成许多小块,用蒌叶包裹好,装在精制的铜盒里,待新郎新娘拜堂时,请长辈吃槟榔以示尊敬。     

檳榔

一、原产地及分布槟榔(Areca Catachu L.)适生于热带气候,分布于热带亚洲的马来半岛、新几内亚及热带非洲。其中热带亚洲,以印度、锡兰、马来、爪哇、苏门答腊、菲律宾等地生长最多。槟榔的栽培,早在纪元以前。它的“梵文”名为“Kramake”,可知很早已在印度栽培。我国文献,于纪元前140—80年间,也有记载,称为槟榔。欧洲历史文献内,于1298年,作者马哥     

南瓜子与槟榔治疗带绦虫病56例报告

南瓜子与槟榔治疗带绦虫病５６例报告陶甲芬广西医科大学寄生虫教研组南宁５３００２１采用南瓜子和槟榔驱绦虫，早有人报道。无论对猪带绦虫或牛带绦虫均有显著的疗效［１，２］。作者曾在１９８８～１９９５年在广西宾阳、三江两县用南瓜子和槟榔驱绦虫病５６例。效果显...     

马槟榔DNA提取及其RAPD反应体系的优化

马槟榔是我国特有的仅分布在热带、亚热带地区的珍稀濒危野生果树,马槟榔种子中所富含的植物甜蛋白马宾灵(Mabinlin)在食品甜味剂领域有着广阔的应用前景.为了对我国马槟榔野生种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,本研究建立并优化了马槟榔基因组DNA的RAPD技术最优反应体系.结果表明,采用SDS-CTAB方法提取的马槟榔基因组DNA满足RAPD试验要求;RAPD最优反应体系(25 μL)为:引物的终浓度为1.0 μmol/L,dNTPs的终浓度为0.2 mmol/L,模板DNA的终浓度为1 600 ng/L,Taq DNA聚合酶用量为40 U/L.本研究通过对马槟榔DNA的提取及RAPD反应体系的优化,旨在为下一步对我国马槟榔野生种质资源进行遗传多样性分析提供基础.     

氢溴酸槟榔碱对豚鼠离体胃窦环行肌条收缩活动的影响

目的：观察氢溴酸槟榔碱对豚鼠离体胃窦环行肌条的收缩活动并探讨其作用机理。方法：将胃窦环行肌条置于灌流肌槽内,采用累积加氢溴酸槟榔碱和分别加阻断剂的方法,观察对肌条的收缩活动的影响。结果：10^-7mol/L、10^-6mol/L浓度的槟榔碱对胃窦环行肌条的收缩波平均振幅有增大作用;10^-6mol/L浓度槟榔碱增高环行肌条的张力,4-DAMP可阻断槟榔碱增加胃窦环行肌条的收缩活动的作用,加拉明未阻断槟榔碱兴奋胃窦环行肌条的作用。结论：氢溴酸槟榔碱可兴奋豚鼠胃窦环行肌条的收缩活动,该作用经由胆碱能M3受体,而不是胆碱能M2受体的途径。     

国外植物学家二三事

哈佛大学植物学教研组织和我国植物分类学的发展有密切关系,最有代表性的单位是格瑞植物标本馆及阿诺树木园,作者在那里学习工作四十年。本文略述其第二学期在傅纳德教授班上,因习俗语言关系,所遭遇的几件趣事。     

国外植物学家二三事

哈佛大学植物学教研组织和我国植物分类学的发展有密切关系,最有代表性的单位是格瑞植物标本馆及阿诺树木园,作者在那里学习工作四十年。本文略述其第二学期在傅纳德教授班上,因习俗语言关系,所遭遇的几件趣事。     

海南岛中部山区槟榔植株金属元素的吸收积累及交换作用

本文研究了海南岛中部山区不同生境、不同品种的槟榔植株对6种金属元素的选择吸收积累和交换作用。结果表明槟榔植株对元素的吸收积累量、变化范围和交换作用差异明显 ,均为海南槟榔>云南槟榔>泰国槟榔 ;种间金属元素含量水平以A1>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Pb为列 ;同种槟榔不同部位金属元素的吸收积累量差异程度不一 ;至于槟榔植株与土壤中元素的交换作用 ,以中北部沟谷产的槟榔吸收量 (127.25ug.g-1,48.44% )最高 ,东南部山地居中 ,西南部低丘偏低些。     

海南与市售槟榔等中药材中重金属含量比较研究

本文用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定了海南与市售槟榔等六种中药材中的铅元素含量 ,用原子荧光法测定了其中砷、汞元素的含量 ;通过对海南与市售槟榔等六种中药材 (槟榔、益智仁、砂仁、巴戟天、丁香及肉豆蔻 )中铅、砷、汞含量的比较研究 ,说明海南生态环境的优良是实现中药材GAP种植 ,生产绿色中药材的最佳环境     

槟榔苗期主要病虫害为害症状及防治方法

槟榔幼苗健壮程度直接影响槟榔植株前期的生长速度、中后期的果品品质及最终的果实产量.本文综述了槟榔幼苗期发生的主要生理性病害(白化、日灼、肥害)、侵染性病害(炭疽病、大茎点霉叶斑病、枯萎病)以及虫害(椰圆蚧、基斑毒蛾、斑腿蝗虫、红蜘蛛、黑刺粉虱)的发生症状、防治方法等.根据槟榔育苗期病虫害的发生规律,探索各种病害、虫害的防治方法,以期为槟榔苗期病虫害防治提供参考.     

棕榈科植物有害生物椰心叶甲的风险性分析

运用有害生物危险性分析(Pest Risk Analysis,PRA)的方法,从国内分布状况、潜在危害性、寄主植物经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性,以及危险性的管理难度等方面,综合评价了椰心叶甲的危险性。结果表明椰心叶甲对我国是具高度危险性的有害生物。     

The Many Uses ofTrachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae) in China

One of the most useful and widely grown palms in China is the windmill palm, Trachycarpus fortunei. It provides food for man and beast, fiber, structural materials, medicinal drugs, and a high grade of wax. The windmill palm, one of the hardiest of all palms, can be grown widely in subtropical and warm-temperate regions. It thus has the potential for production of unique palm products in regions where other palms will not grow.     

Mycorrhizal status of epiphytes in Malaysian oil palm plantations

Epiphytic plants were collected from four oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia and their mycorrhizal status determined. Conspecific plants with a terrestrial habit (16 species) and rhizosphere soils were also examined for mycorrhizal colonization and glomalean fungi, respectively. Twelve species of glomalean fungi were recovered from the four oil palm plantation soils. Of the 29 epiphytic species in 16 families belonging to the bryophytes, pteridophytes and angiosperms, only four species of angiosperms that were facultative epiphytes and a hemiepiphyte growing within 0.4 m of ground level had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Bioassays of organic debris from oil palm trunks did not produce vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on maize. Six epiphytic species grown in the greenhouse in pots containing oil palm rhizosphere soils rooted and had VAM fungi and thus may be facultative epiphytes. Five other epiphyte species failed to grow in pots and are probably obligate epiphytes. Seven epiphyte species that established themselves in pots failed to form vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas.     

我国的野生棕榈科园林观赏植物资源

我国原产棕榈科植物约有 18属 10 0种 ,可用于园林绿化及观赏的有 12属 4 4种 ,可作行道树、园景树、庭园树、室内观赏树和海滨、沙滩绿化树。虽然资源不太丰富、分布范围较为狭窄 ,但观赏价值较高 ,许多为国家重点保护植物。本文还重点介绍了部分种类 ,并对开发利用提出了建议     

Preliminary Microbiological Studies on the Preservation of Palm Wine

Palm wine is essentially a heavy suspension of yeasts and bacteria in fermenting palm sap. The water extract of a local preservative, from the bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis , failed to inhibit several yeasts and bacteria from palm wine. Sodium metabisulphite, diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) and sorbic acid inhibited to varying extents micro-organisms in palm wine. Sorbic acid was thought to be the most suitable preservative tested since DEPC left a residual pungent smell and sodium metabisulphite was not suitable because it is unacceptable to man above 0.35 mg/kg of body weight (Mossel, 1971). Pasteurization at 70° for 30 min was more effective than any of the chemical methods in reducing the microbial load of the wine. It is suggested that pasteurization at 70° for 30 min combined with subsequent treatment with sorbic acid may prove useful as a means of preserving palm wine.     

Low genetic diversity in the masked palm civet Paguma larvata (Viverridae)

The masked palm civet is distributed through south-east Asia, China and the Himalayas. Because of its potential role in the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, it has become important to gather information on this species, and notably to provide a tool to determine the origin of farm and market animals. For this purpose, we studied the genetic variability and the phylogeographic pattern of the masked palm civet Paguma larvata . First, two portions of mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b and the control region, were sequenced for a total of 76 individuals sampled from China, the Indochinese region and the Sundaic region. Results indicated a low genetic variability and suggested a lack of a phylogeographic structure in this species, which do not allow inferring the geographic origin of samples of unknown origin, although it is possible to distinguish individuals from China and the Sundaic region. This low variation is in contrast to the well-marked morphological differentiation between the populations in the Sundaic and Chinese–Indochinese regions. We also used five microsatellite loci to genotype 149 samples from two wild and four farmed populations in China, where the masked palm civet is farmed and where the SARS coronavirus was isolated. These analyses also showed a reduced variability in Chinese civets and showed that farmed populations did not exhibit a lower genetic diversity than wild populations, suggesting frequent introductions of wild individuals into farms.     

应用相似分析对海南岛油棕引种扩种适宜气候生态条件的区划

一、引言 油棕原产于南纬10°至北纬15°以内,海拔150米以下的非洲潮湿森林边缘地区。发展成大规模栽培的油料作物,仅有60多年的历史。 油棕产油量高,其单产是油菜籽和花生的4—5倍,而且投产早,收获期长,有“世界油王”之称。一般经济寿命有20—25年,自然寿命长达80年以上。 近年来,由于世界市场对植物油料需求迫切,油棕已成为国外发展最快的一种油料作     

阿维菌素对椰心叶甲的毒力和防治效果

试验研究阿维菌素对椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)各虫态的毒力以及田间防治效果。结果表明阿维菌素对椰心叶甲毒力作用强,对卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫的LD50分别为8·119×10-6,4·152×10-6,9·458×10-6,7·609×10-6,8·434×10-6μg/头,LD90分别为1·044×10-4,5·545×10-5,6·663×10-5,1·466×10-4μg/头。1·8%超强阿维菌素乳油对椰心叶甲防治效果好,且持效期长。使用后半个月到1个月1000倍液、2000倍液对各虫态的防治效果接近100%。     

警惕外来危险性害虫椰蛀梗象入侵为害

椰蛀梗象Homalinotus coriaceusGyllenhal主要分布于南美洲的巴西、圭亚那、巴拉圭、阿根廷北部、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、委内瑞拉,严重危害棕榈科植物。为警惕该虫的传入,对椰蛀梗象的分类地位、形态特征、分布、寄主、危害、生物学特性等作了简要介绍,并提出预防建议。